diff options
| author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org> | 2006-10-03 16:35:11 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org> | 2006-10-03 16:35:11 -0700 |
| commit | 708e16892e1646594a29eaa7ac7b209b600b9fd2 (patch) | |
| tree | fe7c31bc0edef84eb1075c7e195340047d6aaa17 /Documentation | |
| parent | f3c87a8999c28f2948ebd407574f7e9fb5c577b2 (diff) | |
| parent | a847825970e741e20a09c659978baa34016b63bc (diff) | |
Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial: (39 commits)
Add missing maintainer countries in CREDITS
Fix bytes <-> kilobytes typo in Kconfig for ramdisk
fix a typo in Documentation/pi-futex.txt
BUG_ON conversion for fs/xfs/
BUG_ON() conversion in fs/nfsd/
BUG_ON conversion for fs/reiserfs
BUG_ON cleanups in arch/i386
BUG_ON cleanup in drivers/net/tokenring/
BUG_ON cleanup for drivers/md/
kerneldoc-typo in led-class.c
debugfs: spelling fix
rcutorture: Fix incorrect description of default for nreaders parameter
parport: Remove space in function calls
Michal Wronski: update contact info
Spelling fix: "control" instead of "cotrol"
reboot parameter in Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
Fix copy&waste bug in comment in scripts/kernel-doc
remove duplicate "until" from kernel/workqueue.c
ite_gpio fix tabbage
fix file specification in comments
...
Fixed trivial path conflicts due to removed files:
arch/mips/dec/boot/decstation.c, drivers/char/ite_gpio.c
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
194 files changed, 513 insertions, 713 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt index 63392c9132b..028614cdd06 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The query is performed via a call to pci_set_dma_mask(): int pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask); -The query for consistent allocations is performed via a a call to +The query for consistent allocations is performed via a call to pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(): int pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask); @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ device_mask is a bit mask describing which bits of a PCI address your device supports. It returns zero if your card can perform DMA properly on the machine given the address mask you provided. -If it returns non-zero, your device can not perform DMA properly on +If it returns non-zero, your device cannot perform DMA properly on this platform, and attempting to do so will result in undefined behavior. You must either use a different mask, or not use DMA. diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl index 065e8dc23e3..c684abf0d3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl @@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ and other resources, etc. <listitem> <para> When it's known that HBA is in ready state but ATA/ATAPI - device in in unknown state, reset only device. + device is in unknown state, reset only device. </para> </listitem> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl index 3608472d7b7..143e5ff7deb 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl @@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ <emphasis>usbdevfs</emphasis> although it wasn't solving what <emphasis>devfs</emphasis> was. Every USB device will appear in usbfs, regardless of whether or - not it has a kernel driver; but only devices with kernel drivers - show up in devfs. + not it has a kernel driver. </para> <sect1> @@ -741,7 +740,7 @@ usbdev_ioctl (int fd, int ifno, unsigned request, void *param) <title>Synchronous I/O Support</title> <para>Synchronous requests involve the kernel blocking - until until the user mode request completes, either by + until the user mode request completes, either by finishing successfully or by reporting an error. In most cases this is the simplest way to use usbfs, although as noted above it does prevent performing I/O diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl index 008a341234d..07cd34c1940 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl @@ -224,13 +224,8 @@ static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, Conversely, when the device is removed from the USB bus, the disconnect function is called with the device pointer. The driver needs to clean any private data that has been allocated at this time and to shut down any - pending urbs that are in the USB system. The driver also unregisters - itself from the devfs subsystem with the call: + pending urbs that are in the USB system. </para> - <programlisting> -/* remove our devfs node */ -devfs_unregister(skel->devfs); - </programlisting> <para> Now that the device is plugged into the system and the driver is bound to the device, any of the functions in the file_operations structure that diff --git a/Documentation/IPMI.txt b/Documentation/IPMI.txt index 9f08d73d90b..0e3924ecd76 100644 --- a/Documentation/IPMI.txt +++ b/Documentation/IPMI.txt @@ -468,12 +468,12 @@ BMCs specified on the smb_addr line will be detected. Setting smb_dbg_probe to 1 will enable debugging of the probing and detection process for BMCs on the SMBusses. -Discovering the IPMI compilant BMC on the SMBus can cause devices +Discovering the IPMI compliant BMC on the SMBus can cause devices on the I2C bus to fail. The SMBus driver writes a "Get Device ID" IPMI message as a block write to the I2C bus and waits for a response. This action can be detrimental to some I2C devices. It is highly recommended that the known I2c address be given to the SMBus driver in the smb_addr -parameter. The default adrress range will not be used when a smb_addr +parameter. The default address range will not be used when a smb_addr parameter is provided. When compiled into the kernel, the addresses can be specified on the diff --git a/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt index 3ec6c720b01..c70306abb7b 100644 --- a/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ y = The number of MSI capable devices populated in the system. vector reserved to avoid the case where some MSI-X capable drivers may attempt to claim all available vector resources. -z = The number of MSI-X capable devices pupulated in the system. +z = The number of MSI-X capable devices populated in the system. This policy ensures that maximum (x - y) is distributed evenly among MSI-X capable devices. diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt index 318df44259b..820fee23696 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ The rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() primitive read-acquire and release a global reader-writer lock. The synchronize_rcu() primitive write-acquires this same lock, then immediately releases it. This means that once synchronize_rcu() exits, all RCU read-side -critical sections that were in progress before synchonize_rcu() was +critical sections that were in progress before synchronize_rcu() was called are guaranteed to have completed -- there is no way that synchronize_rcu() would have been able to write-acquire the lock otherwise. @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ Or, for those who prefer a side-by-side listing: Either way, the differences are quite small. Read-side locking moves to rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock, update-side locking moves from -from a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu() +a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu() precedes the kfree(). However, there is one potential catch: the read-side and update-side diff --git a/Documentation/aoe/todo.txt b/Documentation/aoe/todo.txt index 7fee1e1165b..c09dfad4aed 100644 --- a/Documentation/aoe/todo.txt +++ b/Documentation/aoe/todo.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ not been observed, but it would be nice to eliminate any potential for deadlock under memory pressure. Because ATA over Ethernet is not fragmented by the kernel's IP code, -the destructore member of the struct sk_buff is available to the aoe +the destructor member of the struct sk_buff is available to the aoe driver. By using a mempool for allocating all but the first few sk_buffs, and by registering a destructor, we should be able to efficiently allocate sk_buffs without introducing any potential for diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/serial_UART b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/serial_UART index aea2e91ca0e..a63966f1d08 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/SA1100/serial_UART +++ b/Documentation/arm/SA1100/serial_UART @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ The SA1100 serial port had its major/minor numbers officially assigned: > 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2 > -If you're not using devfs, you must create those inodes in /dev -on the root filesystem used by your SA1100-based device: +You must create those inodes in /dev on the root filesystem used +by your SA1100-based device: mknod ttySA0 c 204 5 mknod ttySA1 c 204 6 diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/EB2410ITX.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/EB2410ITX.txt index 000e3d7a78b..26422f0f908 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/EB2410ITX.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/EB2410ITX.txt @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ MTD --- The NAND and NOR support has been merged from the linux-mtd project. - Any prolbems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more + Any problems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more information or up-to-date versions of linux-mtd. diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt index 0822764ec27..8caea8c237e 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/GPIO.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Headers header include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/hardware.h which can be included by #include <asm/arch/hardware.h> - A useful ammount of documentation can be found in the hardware + A useful amount of documentation can be found in the hardware header on how the GPIO functions (and others) work. Whilst a number of these functions do make some checks on what diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt index 3e46d2a3115..dda7ecdde87 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Machines Adding New Machines ------------------- - The archicture has been designed to support as many machines as can + The architecture has been designed to support as many machines as can be configured for it in one kernel build, and any future additions should keep this in mind before altering items outside of their own machine files. diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/S3C2412.txt b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/S3C2412.txt index cb82a7fc790..295d971a15e 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/S3C2412.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/S3C2412.txt @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ RTC Watchdog -------- - The watchdog harware is the same as the S3C2410, and is supported by + The watchdog hardware is the same as the S3C2410, and is supported by the s3c2410_wdt driver. diff --git a/Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt b/Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt index 6f47332c883..e2a66f8143c 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt @@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ contrast, many write requests may be dispatched to the disk controller at a time during a write batch. It is this characteristic that can make the anticipatory scheduler perform anomalously with controllers supporting TCQ, or with hardware striped RAID devices. Setting the antic_expire -queue paramter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the anticipatory -scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler. +queue parameter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the +anticipatory scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler. When read anticipation is enabled (antic_expire is not zero), reads are dispatched to the disk controller one at a time. diff --git a/Documentation/block/barrier.txt b/Documentation/block/barrier.txt index 03971518b22..a272c3db809 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/barrier.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/barrier.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ of the following three ways. i. For devices which have queue depth greater than 1 (TCQ devices) and support ordered tags, block layer can just issue the barrier as an ordered request and the lower level driver, controller and drive -itself are responsible for making sure that the ordering contraint is +itself are responsible for making sure that the ordering constraint is met. Most modern SCSI controllers/drives should support this. NOTE: SCSI ordered tag isn't currently used due to limitation in the @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ iii. Devices which have queue depth of 1. This is a degenerate case of ii. Just keeping issue order suffices. Ancient SCSI controllers/drives and IDE drives are in this category. -2. Forced flushing to physcial medium +2. Forced flushing to physical medium Again, if you're not gonna do synchronization with disk drives (dang, it sounds even more appealing now!), the reason you use I/O barriers @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ There are four cases, i. No write-back cache. Keeping requests ordered is enough. ii. Write-back cache but no flush operation. There's no way to -gurantee physical-medium commit order. This kind of devices can't to +guarantee physical-medium commit order. This kind of devices can't to I/O barriers. iii. Write-back cache and flush operation but no FUA (forced unit diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index f989a9e839b..34bf8f60d8f 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Some new queue property settings: Sets two variables that limit the size of the request. - The request queue's max_sectors, which is a soft size in - in units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied + units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied by the core kernel. - The request queue's max_hw_sectors, which is a hard limit @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ all the outstanding requests. There's a third helper to do that: blk_queue_invalidate_tags(request_queue_t *q) - Clear the internal block tag queue and readd all the pending requests + Clear the internal block tag queue and re-add all the pending requests to the request queue. The driver will receive them again on the next request_fn run, just like it did the first time it encountered them. @@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ Aside: Kvec i/o: - Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slighly different structure instead + Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slightly different structure instead of kiobufs, called a kvec_cb. This contains an array of <page, offset, len> tuples (very much like the networking code), together with a callback function and data pointer. This is embedded into a brw_cb structure when passed @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ elevator_exit_fn Allocate and free any elevator specific storage for a queue. 4.2 Request flows seen by I/O schedulers -All requests seens by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three +All requests seen by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three flows. set_req_fn -> @@ -1203,6 +1203,6 @@ temporarily map a bio into the virtual address space. and Linus' comments - Jan 2001) 9.2 Discussions about kiobuf and bh design on lkml between sct, linus, alan et al - Feb-March 2001 (many of the initial thoughts that led to bio were -brought up in this discusion thread) +brought up in this discussion thread) 9.3 Discussions on mempool on lkml - Dec 2001. diff --git a/Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt b/Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt index c918b3a6022..be08ffd1e9b 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt @@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ you can do so by typing: read_expire (in ms) ----------- -The goal of the deadline io scheduler is to attempt to guarentee a start +The goal of the deadline io scheduler is to attempt to guarantee a start service time for a request. As we focus mainly on read latencies, this is tunable. When a read request first enters the io scheduler, it is assigned a deadline that is the current time + the read_expire value in units of -miliseconds. +milliseconds. write_expire (in ms) diff --git a/Documentation/cciss.txt b/Documentation/cciss.txt index 9c629ffa0e5..f74affe5c82 100644 --- a/Documentation/cciss.txt +++ b/Documentation/cciss.txt @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ the /proc filesystem entry which the "block" side of the driver creates as the SCSI core may not yet be initialized (because the driver is a block driver) and attempting to register it with the SCSI core in such a case would cause a hang. This is best done via an initialization script -(typically in /etc/init.d, but could vary depending on distibution). +(typically in /etc/init.d, but could vary depending on distribution). For example: for x in /proc/driver/cciss/cciss[0-9]* @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ side during the SCSI error recovery process, the cciss driver only implements the first two of these actions, aborting the command, and resetting the device. Additionally, most tape drives will not oblige in aborting commands, and sometimes it appears they will not even -obey a reset coommand, though in most circumstances they will. In +obey a reset command, though in most circumstances they will. In the case that the command cannot be aborted and the device cannot be reset, the device will be set offline. diff --git a/Documentation/computone.txt b/Documentation/computone.txt index b1cf59b84d9..5e2a0c76bfa 100644 --- a/Documentation/computone.txt +++ b/Documentation/computone.txt @@ -199,30 +199,6 @@ boxes this will leave gaps in the sequence of device names. ip2mkdev uses Linux tty naming conventions: ttyF0 - ttyF255 for normal devices, and cuf0 - cuf255 for callout devices. -If you are using devfs, existing devices are automatically created within -the devfs name space. Normal devices will be tts/F0 - tts/F255 and callout -devices will be cua/F0 - cua/F255. With devfs installed, ip2mkdev will -create symbolic links in /dev from the old conventional names to the newer -devfs names as follows: - - /dev/ip2ipl[n] -> /dev/ip2/ipl[n] n = 0 - 3 - /dev/ip2stat[n] -> /dev/ip2/stat[n] n = 0 - 3 - /dev/ttyF[n] -> /dev/tts/F[n] n = 0 - 255 - /dev/cuf[n] -> /dev/cua/F[n] n = 0 - 255 - -Only devices for existing ports and boards will be created. - -IMPORTANT NOTE: The naming convention used for devfs by this driver -was changed from 1.2.12 to 1.2.13. The old naming convention was to -use ttf/%d for the tty device and cuf/%d for the cua device. That -has been changed to conform to an agreed-upon standard of placing -all the tty devices under tts. The device names are now tts/F%d for -the tty device and cua/F%d for the cua devices. If you were using -the older devfs names, you must update for the newer convention. - -You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to -use the devfs native device names. - 4. USING THE DRIVERS @@ -256,57 +232,15 @@ cut out and run as "ip2mkdev" to create the necessary device files. To use the ip2mkdev script, you must have procfs enabled and the proc file system mounted on /proc. -You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to -use the devfs native device names. - - -6. DEVFS - -DEVFS is the DEVice File System available as an add on package for the -2.2.x kernels and available as a configuration option in 2.3.46 and higher. -Devfs allows for the automatic creation and management of device names -under control of the device drivers themselves. The Devfs namespace is -hierarchical and reduces the clutter present in the normal flat /dev -namespace. Devfs names and conventional device names may be intermixed. -A userspace daemon, devfsd, exists to allow for automatic creation and -management of symbolic links from the devfs name space to the conventional -names. More details on devfs can be found on the DEVFS home site at -<http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/> or in the file kernel -documentation files, .../linux/Documentation/filesystems/devfs/README. - -If you are using devfs, existing devices are automatically created within -the devfs name space. Normal devices will be tts/F0 - tts/F255 and callout -devices will be cua/F0 - cua/F255. With devfs installed, ip2mkdev will -create symbolic links in /dev from the old conventional names to the newer -devfs names as follows: - - /dev/ip2ipl[n] -> /dev/ip2/ipl[n] n = 0 - 3 - /dev/ip2stat[n] -> /dev/ip2/stat[n] n = 0 - 3 - /dev/ttyF[n] -> /dev/tts/F[n] n = 0 - 255 - /dev/cuf[n] -> /dev/cua/F[n] n = 0 - 255 - -Only devices for existing ports and boards will be created. - -IMPORTANT NOTE: The naming convention used for devfs by this driver -was changed from 1.2.12 to 1.2.13. The old naming convention was to -use ttf/%d for the tty device and cuf/%d for the cua device. That -has been changed to conform to an agreed-upon standard of placing -all the tty devices under tts. The device names are now tts/F%d for -the tty device and cua/F%d for the cua devices. If you were using -the older devfs names, you must update for the newer convention. - -You do not need to run ip2mkdev if you are using devfs and only want to -use the devfs native device names. - -7. NOTES +6. NOTES This is a release version of the driver, but it is impossible to test it in all configurations of Linux. If there is any anomalous behaviour that does not match the standard serial port's behaviour please let us know. -8. ip2mkdev shell script +7. ip2mkdev shell script Previously, this script was simply attached here. It is now attached as a shar archive to make it easier to extract the script from the documentation. diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt index 6a82948ff4b..53d62c1e1c9 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ - CPU frequency and voltage scaling statictics in the Linux(TM) kernel + CPU frequency and voltage scaling statistics in the Linux(TM) kernel L i n u x c p u f r e q - s t a t s d r i v e r @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Contents 1. Introduction cpufreq-stats is a driver that provices CPU frequency statistics for each CPU. -This statistics is provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This -interface (when configured) will appear in a seperate directory under cpufreq +These statistics are provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This +interface (when configured) will appear in a separate directory under cpufreq in /sysfs (<sysfs root>/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/stats/) for each CPU. Various statistics will form read_only files under this directory. @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 May 14 15:58 .. This gives the amount of time spent in each of the frequencies supported by this CPU. The cat output will have "<frequency> <time>" pair in each line, which will mean this CPU spent <time> usertime units of time at <frequency>. Output -will have one line for each of the supported freuencies. usertime units here +will have one line for each of the supported frequencies. usertime units here is 10mS (similar to other time exported in /proc). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ basic statistics which includes time_in_state and total_trans. "CPU frequency translation statistics details" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT_DETAILS) provides fine grained cpufreq stats by trans_table. The reason for having a -seperate config option for trans_table is: +separate config option for trans_table is: - trans_table goes against the traditional /sysfs rule of one value per interface. It provides a whole bunch of value in a 2 dimensional matrix form. diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt index f4b8dc4237e..6a9c55bd556 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ selected for each specific use. Basically, it's the following flow graph: -CPU can be set to switch independetly | CPU can only be set +CPU can be set to switch independently | CPU can only be set within specific "limits" | to specific frequencies "CPUfreq policy" @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ directory. 2.4 Ondemand ------------ -The CPUfreq govenor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the +The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the current usage. To do this the CPU must have the capability to switch the frequency very quickly. There are a number of sysfs file accessible parameters: @@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ have to be made in a row before the CPU frequency is actually lower. If set to '1' then the frequency decreases as quickly as it increases, if set to '2' it decreases at half the rate of the increase. -ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1', when set -to '0' (its default) then all processes are counted towards towards the -'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1' then processes that are +ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When +set to '0' (its default), all processes are counted towards the +'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1', the processes that are run with a 'nice' value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the -overal usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU +overall usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU intensive calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it takes to complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part in the deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency. diff --git a/Documentation/cputopology.txt b/Documentation/cputopology.txt index 2b28e9ec4e3..b61cb956402 100644 --- a/Documentation/cputopology.txt +++ b/Documentation/cputopology.txt @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The type of **_id is int. The type of siblings is cpumask_t. To be consistent on all architectures, the 4 attributes should have -deafult values if their values are unavailable. Below is the rule. +default values if their values are unavailable. Below is the rule. 1) physical_package_id: If cpu has no physical package id, -1 is the default value. 2) core_id: If cpu doesn't support multi-core, its core id is 0. diff --git a/Documentation/dell_rbu.txt b/Documentation/dell_rbu.txt index 941343a7a26..2c0d631de0c 100644 --- a/Documentation/dell_rbu.txt +++ b/Documentation/dell_rbu.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops. Scope: This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only. -It does not cover the support needed from aplications to enable the BIOS to +It does not cover the support needed from applications to enable the BIOS to update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory. Overview: @@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP). Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to http://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details. -Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monilothic image and packetized -image methods. In case of moniolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk +Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized +image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized. These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system. Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory. -In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chuks +In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chunks of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets. By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be @@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can be downloaded. It is done as below echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size -In the packet update mechanism, the user neesd to create a new file having +In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and -placs it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk -added to geather should match the specified packet_size. This makes one +places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk +added together should match the specified packet_size. This makes one packet, the user needs to create more such packets out of the entire BIOS image file and then arrange all these packets back to back in to one single file. @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ read back the image downloaded. NOTE: This driver requires a patch for firmware_class.c which has the modified request_firmware_nowait function. -Also after updating the BIOS image an user mdoe application neeeds to execute -code which message the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot -the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates it self. -Also don't unload the rbu drive if the image has to be updated. +Also after updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute +code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot +the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself. +Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated. diff --git a/Documentation/devices.txt b/Documentation/devices.txt index addc67b1d77..28c4f79662c 100644 --- a/Documentation/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/devices.txt @@ -2005,7 +2005,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA) 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM) - Supports 16 boards, 15 paritions each. + Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each. Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au. 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board @@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated. This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a larger number space. No device nodes with this major should ever be created on the filesystem. - (This is probaly not true anymore, but I'll leave it + (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it for now /Torben) ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!--- @@ -3205,7 +3205,7 @@ for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and pseudoterminals (PTYs). All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line -diciplines; these include the common terminal line dicipline as well +disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well as SLIP and PPP modes. All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the @@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist. Pseudoterminals (PTYs) Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide -other capabilities requiring a TTY line dicipline (including SLIP or +other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named /dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/class.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/class.txt index 2d1d893a5e5..548505f14aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-model/class.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/class.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ device. The following device classes have been identified: Each device class defines a set of semantics and a programming interface that devices of that class adhere to. Device drivers are the -implemention of that programming interface for a particular device on +implementation of that programming interface for a particular device on a particular bus. Device classes are agnostic with respect to what bus a device resides diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt index 59806c9761f..82132169d47 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ the driver to that device. A driver's probe() may return a negative errno value to indicate that the driver did not bind to this device, in which case it should have -released all reasources it allocated. +released all resources it allocated. int (*remove) (struct device * dev); diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/overview.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/overview.txt index 2050c9ffc62..07236ed968d 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-model/overview.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/overview.txt @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ the two. The PCI bus layer freely accesses the fields of struct device. It knows about the structure of struct pci_dev, and it should know the structure of struct -device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted the the current +device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted to the current driver model generally do not and should not touch the fields of struct device, unless there is a strong compelling reason to do so. diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt b/Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt index 8bab8461a4a..e44c009ac6c 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/avermedia.txt @@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ Assumptions and Introduction by circuitry on the card and is often presented uncompressed. For a PAL TV signal encoded at a resolution of 768x576 24-bit color pixels over 25 frames per second - a fair amount of data - is generated and must be proceesed by the PC before it can be + is generated and must be processed by the PC before it can be displayed on the video monitor screen. Some Analogue TV cards - for PC's have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw + for PCs have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw digital data stream to be presented to the PC in an encoded and compressed form - similar to the form that is used in Digital TV. diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/cards.txt b/Documentation/dvb/cards.txt index 9e10092440e..ca58e339d85 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/cards.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/cards.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Hardware supported by the linuxtv.org DVB drivers frontends (i.e. tuner / demodulator units) used, usually without changing the product name, revision number or specs. Some cards are also available in versions with different frontends for - DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed seperately. + DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed separately. Note 1: There is no guarantee that every frontend driver works out of the box with every card, because of different wiring. diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt b/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt index 95f0e73b213..531239b2908 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/ci.txt @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This application requires the following to function properly as of now. descrambler to function, eg: $ ca_zap channels.conf "TMC" - (d) Hopeflly Enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with + (d) Hopefully enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with a FTA card. (3) Currently ca_zap, and dst_test, both are meant for demonstration @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Modules that have been tested by this driver at present are ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With the High Level CI approach any new card with almost any random architecture can be implemented with this style, the definitions -insidethe switch statement can be easily adapted for any card, thereby +inside the switch statement can be easily adapted for any card, thereby eliminating the need for any additional ioctls. The disadvantage is that the driver/hardware has to manage the rest. For diff --git a/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt b/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt index a42132d60dc..dbcedf5833e 100644 --- a/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt +++ b/Documentation/dvb/faq.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb It's not a bug, it's a feature. Because the frontends have significant power requirements (and hence get very hot), they are powered down if they are unused (i.e. if the frontend device - is closed). The dvb-core.o module paramter "dvb_shutdown_timeout" + is closed). The dvb-core.o module parameter "dvb_shutdown_timeout" allow you to change the timeout (default 5 seconds). Setting the timeout to 0 disables the timeout feature. @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb - v4l2-common: common functions for Video4Linux-2 drivers - - v4l1-compat: backward compatiblity layer for Video4Linux-1 legacy + - v4l1-compat: backward compatibility layer for Video4Linux-1 legacy applications - dvb-core: DVB core module. This provides you with the @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Some very frequently asked questions about linuxtv-dvb - video-buf: capture helper module for the saa7146_vv driver. This one is responsible to handle capture buffers. - - dvb-ttpci: The main driver for AV7110 based, full-featued + - dvb-ttpci: The main driver for AV7110 based, full-featured DVB-S/C/T cards eof diff --git a/Documentation/eisa.txt b/Documentation/eisa.txt index 8c8388da868..6a099edadd6 100644 --- a/Documentation/eisa.txt +++ b/Documentation/eisa.txt @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The EISA infrastructure is made up of three parts : - The bus code implements most of the generic code. It is shared among all the architectures that the EISA code runs on. It - implements bus probing (detecting EISA cards avaible on the bus), + implements bus probing (detecting EISA cards available on the bus), allocates I/O resources, allows fancy naming through sysfs, and offers interfaces for driver to register. @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct eisa_driver { id_table : an array of NULL terminated EISA id strings, followed by an empty string. Each string can - optionnaly be paired with a driver-dependant value + optionally be paired with a driver-dependant value (driver_data). driver : a generic driver, such as described in diff --git a/Documentation/exception.txt b/Documentation/exception.txt index 3cb39ade290..2d5aded6424 100644 --- a/Documentation/exception.txt +++ b/Documentation/exception.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ int verify_area(int type, const void * addr, unsigned long size) function (which has since been replaced by access_ok()). This function verified that the memory area starting at address -addr and of size size was accessible for the operation specified +'addr' and of size 'size' was accessible for the operation specified in type (read or write). To do this, verify_read had to look up the virtual memory area (vma) that contained the address addr. In the normal case (correctly working program), this test was successful. diff --git a/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt b/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt index f373df12ed4..99ea58e65ef 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ from the console layer before unloading the driver. The VGA driver cannot be unloaded if it is still bound to the console layer. (See Documentation/console/console.txt for more information). -This is more complicated in the case of the the framebuffer console (fbcon), +This is more complicated in the case of the framebuffer console (fbcon), because fbcon is an intermediate layer between the console and the drivers: console ---> fbcon ---> fbdev drivers ---> hardware diff --git a/Documentation/fb/sisfb.txt b/Documentation/fb/sisfb.txt index 3b50c517a08..2e68e503e72 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/sisfb.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/sisfb.txt @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ information. Additionally, "modinfo sisfb" gives an overview over all supported options including some explanation. The desired display mode can be specified using the keyword "mode" with -a parameter in one of the follwing formats: +a parameter in one of the following formats: - XxYxDepth or - XxY-Depth or - XxY-Depth@Rate or diff --git a/Documentation/fb/sstfb.txt b/Documentation/fb/sstfb.txt index 628d7ffa876..df27f5bf15d 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/sstfb.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/sstfb.txt @@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ Module Usage Module insertion: # insmod sstfb.o - you should see some strange output frome the board: + you should see some strange output from the board: a big blue square, a green and a red small squares and a vertical - white rectangle. why ? the function's name is self explanatory : + white rectangle. why? the function's name is self-explanatory: "sstfb_test()"... (if you don't have a second monitor, you'll have to plug your monitor - directely to the 2D videocard to see what you're typing) + directly to the 2D videocard to see what you're typing) # con2fb /dev/fbx /dev/ttyx bind a tty to the new frame buffer. if you already have a frame buffer driver, the voodoo fb will likely be /dev/fb1. if not, @@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ Module Usage Kernel/Modules Options - You can pass some otions to sstfb module, and via the kernel command - line when the driver is compiled in : + You can pass some options to the sstfb module, and via the kernel + command line when the driver is compiled in: for module : insmod sstfb.o option1=value1 option2=value2 ... in kernel : video=sstfb:option1,option2:value2,option3 ... - sstfb supports the folowing options : + sstfb supports the following options : Module Kernel Description @@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ inverse=1 inverse Supposed to enable inverse console. clipping=1 clipping Enable or disable clipping. clipping=0 noclipping With clipping enabled, all offscreen - reads and writes are disgarded. + reads and writes are discarded. Default: enable clipping. gfxclk=x gfxclk:x Force graphic clock frequency (in MHz). - Be carefull with this option, it may be + Be careful with this option, it may be DANGEROUS. Default: auto 50Mhz for Voodoo 1, @@ -137,23 +137,23 @@ Bugs - The driver is 16 bpp only, 24/32 won't work. - The driver is not your_favorite_toy-safe. this includes SMP... [Actually from inspection it seems to be safe - Alan] - - when using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color + - When using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color patterns at the border of your windows (the pixels lose the lowest - byte -> basicaly the blue component nd some of the green) . I'm unable + byte -> basically the blue component and some of the green). I'm unable to reproduce this with XFree86-3.3, but one of the testers has this - problem with XFree86-4. apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this + problem with XFree86-4. Apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this problem. - I didn't really test changing the palette, so you may find some weird things when playing with that. - - Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC , and the - initialisation will fail. this is specificaly true for - voodoo 2 boards , but it should be solved in recent versions. please - contact me . - - the 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon , knowing that the - hardware does ... unusual thigs in 24/32 bpp - - When used with anther video board, current limitations of linux - console subsystem can cause some troubles, specificaly, you should - disable software scrollback , as it can oops badly ... + - Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC, and the + initialisation will fail. This is specifically true for + voodoo 2 boards, but it should be solved in recent versions. Please + contact me. + - The 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon, knowing that the + hardware does ... unusual things in 24/32 bpp. + - When used with another video board, current limitations of the linux + console subsystem can cause some troubles, specifically, you should + disable software scrollback, as it can oops badly ... Todo @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Todo - Buy more coffee. - test/port to other arch. - try to add panning using tweeks with front and back buffer . - - try to implement accel on voodoo2 , this board can actualy do a + - try to implement accel on voodoo2, this board can actually do a lot in 2D even if it was sold as a 3D only board ... ghoz. diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 2e410f5aa75..42b95e0ad55 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Who: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> --------------------------- What: USB driver API moves to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL -When: Febuary 2008 +When: February 2008 Files: include/linux/usb.h, drivers/usb/core/driver.c Why: The USB subsystem has changed a lot over time, and it has been possible to create userspace USB drivers using usbfs/libusb/gadgetfs diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX b/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX index 16dec61d767..3c384c0cf86 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX @@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ cramfs.txt - info on the cram filesystem for small storage (ROMs etc). dentry-locking.txt - info on the RCU-based dcache locking model. -devfs/ - - directory containing devfs documentation. directory-locking - info about the locking scheme used for directory operations. dlmfs.txt diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt index 877a7b1d46e..67391a15949 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/befs.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ WARNING Make sure you understand that this is alpha software. This means that the implementation is neither complete nor well-tested. -I DISCLAIM ALL RESPONSIBILTY FOR ANY POSSIBLE BAD EFFECTS OF THIS CODE! +I DISCLAIM ALL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY POSSIBLE BAD EFFECTS OF THIS CODE! LICENSE ===== @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ He has been working on the code since Aug 13, 2001. See the changelog for details. Original Author: Makoto Kato <m_kato@ga2.so-net.ne.jp> -His orriginal code can still be found at: +His original code can still be found at: <http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA008030/bfs/> Does anyone know of a more current email address for Makoto? He doesn't respond to the address given above... @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Which is it, BFS or BEFS? ================ Be, Inc said, "BeOS Filesystem is officially called BFS, not BeFS". But Unixware Boot Filesystem is called bfs, too. And they are already in -the kernel. Because of this nameing conflict, on Linux the BeOS +the kernel. Because of this naming conflict, on Linux the BeOS filesystem is called befs. HOW TO INSTALL @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ if the patching step fails (i.e. there are rejected hunks), you can try to figure it out yourself (it shouldn't be hard), or mail the maintainer (Will Dyson <will_dyson@pobox.com>) for help. -step 2. Configuretion & make kernel +step 2. Configuration & make kernel The linux kernel has many compile-time options. Most of them are beyond the scope of this document. I suggest the Kernel-HOWTO document as a good general diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt index c4ff96b7c4e..c3a7afb5eab 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -configfs - Userspace-driven kernel object configuation. +configfs - Userspace-driven kernel object configuration. Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com> @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ using the group _init() functions on the group. Finally, when userspace calls rmdir(2) on the item or group, ct_group_ops->drop_item() is called. As a config_group is also a -config_item, it is not necessary for a seperate drop_group() method. +config_item, it is not necessary for a separate drop_group() method. The subsystem must config_item_put() the reference that was initialized upon item allocation. If a subsystem has no work to do, it may omit the ct_group_ops->drop_item() method, and configfs will call @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ that condition is met. Far better would be an explicit action notifying the subsystem that the config_item is ready to go. More importantly, an explicit action allows -the subsystem to provide feedback as to whether the attibutes are +the subsystem to provide feedback as to whether the attributes are initialized in a way that makes sense. configfs provides this as committable items. @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ support mkdir(2) or rmdir(2) either. It only allows rename(2). The "pending" directory does allow mkdir(2) and rmdir(2). An item is created in the "pending" directory. Its attributes can be modified at will. Userspace commits the item by renaming it into the "live" -directory. At this point, the subsystem recieves the ->commit_item() +directory. At this point, the subsystem receives the ->commit_item() callback. If all required attributes are filled to satisfaction, the method returns zero and the item is moved to the "live" directory. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking b/Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking index 34380d4fbce..d7099a9266f 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ own descendent. Moreover, there is exactly one cross-directory rename Consider the object blocking the cross-directory rename. One of its descendents is locked by cross-directory rename (otherwise we -would again have an infinite set of of contended objects). But that +would again have an infinite set of contended objects). But that means that cross-directory rename is taking locks out of order. Due to (2) the order hadn't changed since we had acquired filesystem lock. But locking rules for cross-directory rename guarantee that we do not diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt index 9afab845a90..c50bbb2d52b 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/dlmfs.txt @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ request for an already acquired lock will not generate another DLM call. Userspace programs are assumed to handle their own local locking. -Two levels of locks are supported - Shared Read, and Exlcusive. +Two levels of locks are supported - Shared Read, and Exclusive. Also supported is a Trylock operation. For information on the libo2dlm interface, please see o2dlm.h, diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt index 3dd2872416a..4333e836c49 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Reserved Space In ext2, there is a mechanism for reserving a certain number of blocks for a particular user (normally the super-user). This is intended to -allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-priveleged users +allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-privileged users fill up all the space available to them (this is independent of filesystem quotas). It also keeps the filesystem from filling up entirely which helps combat fragmentation. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/files.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/files.txt index 8c206f4e025..133e213ebb7 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/files.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/files.txt @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ the fdtable structure - 2. Reading of the fdtable as described above must be protected by rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock(). -3. For any update to the the fd table, files->file_lock must +3. For any update to the fd table, files->file_lock must be held. 4. To look up the file structure given an fd, a reader diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt index 638cbd3d2b0..35f105b29e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Table of contents - Using NTFS volume and stripe sets - The Device-Mapper driver - The Software RAID / MD driver - - Limitiations when using the MD driver + - Limitations when using the MD driver - ChangeLog @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ There is plenty of additional information on the linux-ntfs web site at http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/ The web site has a lot of additional information, such as a comprehensive -FAQ, documentation on the NTFS on-disk format, informaiton on the Linux-NTFS +FAQ, documentation on the NTFS on-disk format, information on the Linux-NTFS userspace utilities, etc. @@ -383,14 +383,14 @@ Software RAID / MD driver. For which you need to set up your /etc/raidtab appropriately (see man 5 raidtab). Linear volume sets, i.e. linear raid, as well as stripe sets, i.e. raid level -0, have been tested and work fine (though see section "Limitiations when using +0, have been tested and work fine (though see section "Limitations when using the MD driver with NTFS volumes" especially if you want to use linear raid). Even though untested, there is no reason why mirrors, i.e. raid level 1, and stripes with parity, i.e. raid level 5, should not work, too. You have to use the "persistent-superblock 0" option for each raid-disk in the NTFS volume/stripe you are configuring in /etc/raidtab as the persistent -superblock used by the MD driver would damange the NTFS volume. +superblock used by the MD driver would damage the NTFS volume. Windows by default uses a stripe chunk size of 64k, so you probably want the "chunk-size 64k" option for each raid-disk, too. @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ setup correctly to avoid the possibility of causing damage to the data on the ntfs volume. -Limitiations when using the Software RAID / MD driver +Limitations when using the Software RAID / MD driver ----------------------------------------------------- Using the md driver will not work properly if any of your NTFS partitions have diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index 7240ee7515d..3355e692010 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ VmallocChunk: 111088 kB this memory, making it slower to access than lowmem. LowTotal: LowFree: Lowmem is memory which can be used for everything that - highmem can be used for, but it is also availble for the + highmem can be used for, but it is also available for the kernel's use for its own data structures. Among many other things, it is where everything from the Slab is allocated. Bad things happen when you're out of lowmem. @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ to allocate (but not use) more memory than is actually available. address space are refused. Used for a typical system. It ensures a seriously wild allocation fails while allowing overcommit to reduce swap usage. root is allowed to - allocate slighly more memory in this mode. This is the + allocate slightly more memory in this mode. This is the default. 1 - Always overcommit. Appropriate for some scientific @@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ Enable the strict RFC793 interpretation of the TCP urgent pointer field. The default is to use the BSD compatible interpretation of the urgent pointer pointing to the first byte after the urgent data. The RFC793 interpretation is to have it point to the last byte of urgent data. Enabling this option may -lead to interoperatibility problems. Disabled by default. +lead to interoperability problems. Disabled by default. tcp_syncookies -------------- @@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ error_burst and error_cost These parameters are used to limit how many ICMP destination unreachable to send from the host in question. ICMP destination unreachable messages are -sent when we can not reach the next hop, while trying to transmit a packet. +sent when we cannot reach the next hop while trying to transmit a packet. It will also print some error messages to kernel logs if someone is ignoring our ICMP redirects. The higher the error_cost factor is, the fewer destination unreachable and error messages will be let through. Error_burst @@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ proxy_qlen Maximum queue length of the delayed proxy arp timer. (see proxy_delay). -app_solcit +app_solicit ---------- Determines the number of requests to send to the user level ARP daemon. Use 0 diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt index 8edc3952eff..982645a1981 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ FILES /ibox The second SPU to CPU communication mailbox. This file is similar to the first mailbox file, but can be read in blocking I/O mode, and the - poll familiy of system calls can be used to wait for it. The possible + poll family of system calls can be used to wait for it. The possible operations on an open ibox file are: read(2) @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ FILES /wbox - The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only can can be written + The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only and can be written in units of 32 bits. If the mailbox is full, write() will block and poll can be used to wait for it becoming empty again. The possible operations on an open wbox file are: write(2) If a count smaller than @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ ERRORS EFAULT npc is not a valid pointer or status is neither NULL nor a valid pointer. - EINTR A signal occured while spu_run was in progress. The npc value + EINTR A signal occurred while spu_run was in progress. The npc value has been updated to the new program counter value if necessary. EINVAL fd is not a file descriptor returned from spu_create(2). diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 89b1d196ca8..4b5ca26e504 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ Top Level Directory Layout The sysfs directory arrangement exposes the relationship of kernel data structures. -The top level sysfs diretory looks like: +The top level sysfs directory looks like: block/ bus/ diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt index 1773106976a..6dd050878a2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ tmpfs has the following uses: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 Remember to create the directory that you intend to mount tmpfs on - if necessary (/dev/shm is automagically created if you use devfs). + if necessary. This mount is _not_ needed for SYSV shared memory. The internal mount is used for that. (In the 2.3 kernel versions it was @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ size: The limit of allocated bytes for this tmpfs instance. The nr_blocks: The same as size, but in blocks of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE. nr_inodes: The maximum number of inodes for this instance. The default is half of the number of your physical RAM pages, or (on a - a machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages, + machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages, whichever is the lower. These parameters accept a suffix k, m or g for kilo, mega and giga and diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt index 2001abbc60e..069cb109430 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the you should consider the following option instead. utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that - is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the + is used by the console. It can be enabled for the filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set, UTF-8 gets disabled. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt index cd07c21b840..7737bfd03cf 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ otherwise noted. put_link: called by the VFS to release resources allocated by follow_link(). The cookie returned by follow_link() is passed - to to this method as the last parameter. It is used by + to this method as the last parameter. It is used by filesystems such as NFS where page cache is not stable (i.e. page that was installed when the symbolic link walk started might not be in the page cache at the end of the diff --git a/Documentation/fujitsu/frv/mmu-layout.txt b/Documentation/fujitsu/frv/mmu-layout.txt index 11dcc567988..db10250df6b 100644 --- a/Documentation/fujitsu/frv/mmu-layout.txt +++ b/Documentation/fujitsu/frv/mmu-layout.txt @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ related kernel services: (*) __debug_mmu.iamr[] (*) __debug_mmu.damr[] - These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with with the _amr + These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with the _amr GDB macro: (gdb) _amr diff --git a/Documentation/highuid.txt b/Documentation/highuid.txt index 2c33926b909..76034d9dbfc 100644 --- a/Documentation/highuid.txt +++ b/Documentation/highuid.txt @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ What's left to be done for 32-bit UIDs on all Linux architectures: Other filesystems have not been checked yet. -- The ncpfs and smpfs filesystems can not presently use 32-bit UIDs in +- The ncpfs and smpfs filesystems cannot presently use 32-bit UIDs in all ioctl()s. Some new ioctl()s have been added with 32-bit UIDs, but more are needed. (as well as new user<->kernel data structures) diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers.txt b/Documentation/hrtimers.txt index 7620ff735fa..ce31f65e12e 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimers.txt +++ b/Documentation/hrtimers.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ back and forth trying to integrate high-resolution and high-precision features into the existing timer framework, and after testing various such high-resolution timer implementations in practice, we came to the conclusion that the timer wheel code is fundamentally not suitable for -such an approach. We initially didnt believe this ('there must be a way +such an approach. We initially didn't believe this ('there must be a way to solve this'), and spent a considerable effort trying to integrate things into the timer wheel, but we failed. In hindsight, there are several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible: @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible: high-res timers. - the unpredictable [O(N)] overhead of cascading leads to delays which - necessiate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which + necessitate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which in turn decreases robustness. Such a design still led to rather large timing inaccuracies. Cascading is a fundamental property of the timer wheel concept, it cannot be 'designed out' without unevitably @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ several reasons why such integration is hard/impossible: The primary users of precision timers are user-space applications that utilize nanosleep, posix-timers and itimer interfaces. Also, in-kernel users like drivers and subsystems which require precise timed events -(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a seperate +(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a separate high-resolution timer subsystem as well. While this subsystem does not offer high-resolution clock sources just @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The increasing demand for realtime and multimedia applications along with other potential users for precise timers gives another reason to separate the "timeout" and "precise timer" subsystems. -Another potential benefit is that such a seperation allows even more +Another potential benefit is that such a separation allows even more special-purpose optimization of the existing timer wheel for the low resolution and low precision use cases - once the precision-sensitive APIs are separated from the timer wheel and are migrated over to @@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ file systems. The rbtree is solely used for time sorted ordering, while a separate list is used to give the expiry code fast access to the queued timers, without having to walk the rbtree. -(This seperate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce -high-resolution clocks, where we need seperate pending and expired +(This separate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce +high-resolution clocks, where we need separate pending and expired queues while keeping the time-order intact.) Time-ordered enqueueing is not purely for the purposes of diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/efirtc.txt b/Documentation/ia64/efirtc.txt index ede2c1e51cd..057e6bebda8 100644 --- a/Documentation/ia64/efirtc.txt +++ b/Documentation/ia64/efirtc.txt @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ to initialize the system view of the time during boot. Because we wanted to minimize the impact on existing user-level apps using the CMOS clock, we decided to expose an API that was very similar to the one used today with the legacy RTC driver (driver/char/rtc.c). However, because -EFI provides a simpler services, not all all ioctl() are available. Also +EFI provides a simpler services, not all ioctl() are available. Also new ioctl()s have been introduced for things that EFI provides but not the legacy. diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt b/Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt index 28da181f996..59dd689d9b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt +++ b/Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ complicated cases. * Signal handling The delivery of (asynchronous) signals must be delayed until fsys-mode -is exited. This is acomplished with the help of the lower-privilege +is exited. This is accomplished with the help of the lower-privilege transfer trap: arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:do_notify_resume_user() checks whether the interrupted task was in fsys-mode and, if so, sets PSR.lp and returns immediately. When fsys-mode is exited via the diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/mca.txt b/Documentation/ia64/mca.txt index a71cc6a67ef..f097c60cba1 100644 --- a/Documentation/ia64/mca.txt +++ b/Documentation/ia64/mca.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ by locks is indeterminate, including linked lists. --- The complicated ia64 MCA process. All of this is mandated by Intel's -specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and and unwind, it is not as +specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and unwind, it is not as if we have a choice here. * MCA occurs on one cpu, usually due to a double bit memory error. @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ if we have a choice here. INIT is less complicated than MCA. Pressing the nmi button or using the equivalent command on the management console sends INIT to all -cpus. SAL picks one one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are +cpus. SAL picks one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are slaves. All the OS INIT handlers are entered at approximately the same time. The OS monarch prints the state of all tasks and returns, after which the slaves return and the system resumes. diff --git a/Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt b/Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt index 8b3fd82b2ce..71aa4034527 100644 --- a/Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt +++ b/Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ his laptop (the location of sensors may vary on other models): No commands can be written to this file. -EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller reigster dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump +EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller register dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This feature is marked EXPERIMENTAL because the implementation diff --git a/Documentation/ide.txt b/Documentation/ide.txt index 29866fbfb22..0bf38baa2db 100644 --- a/Documentation/ide.txt +++ b/Documentation/ide.txt @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line "idex=serialize" : do not overlap operations on idex. Please note that you will have to specify this option for - both the respecitve primary and secondary channel + both the respective primary and secondary channel to take effect. "idex=four" : four drives on idex and ide(x^1) share same ports diff --git a/Documentation/input/amijoy.txt b/Documentation/input/amijoy.txt index 3b8b2d43a68..4f0e89df5c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/amijoy.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/amijoy.txt @@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ JOY0DAT Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 JOY1DAT Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0 0=LEFT CONTROLLER PAIR, 1=RIGHT CONTROLLER PAIR. - (4 counters total).The bit usage for both left and right + (4 counters total). The bit usage for both left and right addresses is shown below. Each 6 bit counter (Y7-Y2,X7-X2) is clocked by 2 of the signals input from the mouse serial - stream. Starting with first bit recived: + stream. Starting with first bit received: +-------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Serial | Bit Name | Description | diff --git a/Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt b/Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt index 8fb896c7411..1e7e5853ba4 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ provides a convenient connection point for a mouse and switch-type joysticks. The ikbd processor also maintains a time-of-day clock with one second resolution. The ikbd has been designed to be general enough that it can be used with a -ariety of new computer products. Product variations in a number of +variety of new computer products. Product variations in a number of keyswitches, mouse resolution, etc. can be accommodated. The ikbd communicates with the main processor over a high speed bi-directional serial interface. It can function in a variety of modes to facilitate @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ is obtained by ORing 0x80 with the make code. The special codes 0xF6 through 0xFF are reserved for use as follows: 0xF6 status report 0xF7 absolute mouse position record - 0xF8-0xFB relative mouse position records(lsbs determind by + 0xF8-0xFB relative mouse position records (lsbs determined by mouse button states) 0xFC time-of-day 0xFD joystick report (both sticks) @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ selected. 4.2 Absolute Position reporting The ikbd can also maintain absolute mouse position. Commands exist for -reseting the mouse position, setting X/Y scaling, and interrogating the +resetting the mouse position, setting X/Y scaling, and interrogating the current mouse position. 4.3 Mouse Cursor Key Mode @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ INTERROGATION MODE. 9.18 SET JOYSTICK MONITORING 0x17 - rate ; time between samples in hundreths of a second + rate ; time between samples in hundredths of a second Returns: (in packets of two as long as in mode) %000000xy ; where y is JOYSTICK1 Fire button ; and x is JOYSTICK0 Fire button @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ controller memory. The time between data bytes must be less than 20ms. 0x20 ; memory access { data } ; 6 data bytes starting at ADR -This comand permits the host to read from the ikbd controller memory. +This command permits the host to read from the ikbd controller memory. 9.26 CONTROLLER EXECUTE diff --git a/Documentation/input/cs461x.txt b/Documentation/input/cs461x.txt index 6181747a14d..afe0d6543e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/cs461x.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/cs461x.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This driver have the basic support for PCI devices only; there is no ISA or PnP ISA cards supported. AFAIK the ns558 have support for Crystal ISA and PnP ISA series. -The driver works witn ALSA drivers simultaneously. For exmple, the xracer +The driver works with ALSA drivers simultaneously. For example, the xracer uses joystick as input device and PCM device as sound output in one time. There are no sound or input collisions detected. The source code have comments about them; but I've found the joystick can be initialized diff --git a/Documentation/input/ff.txt b/Documentation/input/ff.txt index c53b1c11aa4..085eb15b45b 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/ff.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/ff.txt @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ joystick.txt for details. There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver. % fftest /dev/input/eventXX -3. Instructions to the developper +3. Instructions to the developer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl() and write() on /dev/input/eventXX. diff --git a/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt b/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt index 1ba3d322e0a..14e0a8b7022 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/gameport-programming.txt @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Make sure struct gameport is initialized to 0 in all other fields. The gameport generic code will take care of the rest. If your hardware supports more than one io address, and your driver can -choose which one program the hardware to, starting from the more exotic -addresses is preferred, because the likelyhood of clashing with the standard +choose which one to program the hardware to, starting from the more exotic +addresses is preferred, because the likelihood of clashing with the standard 0x201 address is smaller. Eg. if your driver supports addresses 0x200, 0x208, 0x210 and 0x218, then diff --git a/Documentation/input/input.txt b/Documentation/input/input.txt index 47137e75fdb..ff8cea0225f 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/input.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/input.txt @@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ will be available as a character device on major 13, minor 63: crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 63 Mar 28 22:45 mice - This device has to be created, unless you use devfs, in which case it's -created automatically. The commands to do create it by hand are: + This device has to be created. + The commands to create it by hand are: cd /dev mkdir input @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ about it. 3.2 Event handlers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Event handlers distrubite the events from the devices to userland and + Event handlers distribute the events from the devices to userland and kernel, as needed. 3.2.1 keybdev @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ generated in the kernel straight to the program, with timestamps. The API is still evolving, but should be useable now. It's described in section 5. - This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse mouse + This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse events. It allows for multihead in X without any specific multihead kernel support. The event codes are the same on all architectures and are hardware independent. @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ struct input_event { }; 'time' is the timestamp, it returns the time at which the event happened. -Type is for example EV_REL for relative momement, REL_KEY for a keypress or +Type is for example EV_REL for relative moment, REL_KEY for a keypress or release. More types are defined in include/linux/input.h. 'code' is event code, for example REL_X or KEY_BACKSPACE, again a complete @@ -289,24 +289,3 @@ list is in include/linux/input.h. EV_REL, absolute new value for EV_ABS (joysticks ...), or 0 for EV_KEY for release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat. -6. Contacts -~~~~~~~~~~~ - This effort has its home page at: - - http://www.suse.cz/development/input/ - -You'll find both the latest HID driver and the complete Input driver -there as well as information how to access the CVS repository for -latest revisions of the drivers. - - There is also a mailing list for this: - - majordomo@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz - -Send "subscribe linux-input" to subscribe to it. - -The input changes are also being worked on as part of the LinuxConsole -project, see: - - http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxconsole/ - diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt index d537c48cc6d..ede5f33daad 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt @@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ uses the following kernel/module command line: 8 | Sony PSX DDR controller 9 | SNES mouse - The exact type of the PSX controller type is autoprobed when used so -hot swapping should work (but is not recomended). + The exact type of the PSX controller type is autoprobed when used, so +hot swapping should work (but is not recommended). Should you want to use more than one of parallel ports at once, you can use gamecon.map2 and gamecon.map3 as additional command line parameters for two @@ -465,8 +465,8 @@ more parallel ports. There are two options specific to PSX driver portion. gamecon.psx_delay sets the command delay when talking to the controllers. The default of 25 should -work but you can try lowering it for better performace. If your pads don't -respond try raising it untill they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the +work but you can try lowering it for better performance. If your pads don't +respond try raising it until they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the driver to be used with Dance Dance Revolution or similar games. Arrow keys are registered as key presses instead of X and Y axes. diff --git a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt index 841c353297e..389de9bd987 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/joystick.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/joystick.txt @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ and install it before going on. 2.2 Device nodes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -For applications to be able to use the joysticks, in you don't use devfs, +For applications to be able to use the joysticks, you'll have to manually create these nodes in /dev: cd /dev diff --git a/Documentation/input/yealink.txt b/Documentation/input/yealink.txt index 0962c5c948b..0a8c97e87d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/yealink.txt +++ b/Documentation/input/yealink.txt @@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ Line 3 Format : 888888888888 Format description: - From a user space perspective the world is seperated in "digits" and "icons". + From a userspace perspective the world is separated into "digits" and "icons". A digit can have a character set, an icon can only be ON or OFF. Format specifier '8' : Generic 7 segment digit with individual addressable segments - Reduced capabillity 7 segm digit, when segments are hard wired together. + Reduced capability 7 segm digit, when segments are hard wired together. '1' : 2 segments digit only able to produce a 1. 'e' : Most significant day of the month digit, able to produce at least 1 2 3. diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt b/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt index 11c9be49f37..c19efdeace2 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ HDIO_SET_MULTCOUNT change IDE blockmode Source code comments read: - This is tightly woven into the driver->do_special can not + This is tightly woven into the driver->do_special cannot touch. DON'T do it again until a total personality rewrite is committed. diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.fax b/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.fax index 7e5731319e3..9c8c6d914ec 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.fax +++ b/Documentation/isdn/INTERFACE.fax @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Structure T30_s description: If the HL-driver receives ISDN_CMD_FAXCMD, all needed information is in this struct set by the LL. To signal information to the LL, the HL-driver has to set the - the parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND. + parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND. (Please refer to INTERFACE) Structure T30_s: diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.hysdn b/Documentation/isdn/README.hysdn index 56cc59df1fb..eeca11f00cc 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/README.hysdn +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.hysdn @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ $Id: README.hysdn,v 1.3.6.1 2001/02/10 14:41:19 kai Exp $ The hysdn driver has been written by -by Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de) +Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de) for Hypercope GmbH Aachen Germany. Hypercope agreed to publish this driver under the GNU General Public License. diff --git a/Documentation/java.txt b/Documentation/java.txt index e4814c21330..c768dc63b34 100644 --- a/Documentation/java.txt +++ b/Documentation/java.txt @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ other program after you have done the following: the kernel (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly. If you choose to compile it as a module, you will have to insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmod - can not easily be supported with binfmt_misc. + cannot easily be supported with binfmt_misc. Read the file 'binfmt_misc.txt' in this directory to know more about the configuration process. diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt index 003fccc14d2..7f34778dd23 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax). the indentation level, this means it ends at the first line which has a smaller indentation than the first line of the help text. "---help---" and "help" do not differ in behaviour, "---help---" is - used to help visually seperate configuration logic from help within + used to help visually separate configuration logic from help within the file as an aid to developers. @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ menuconfig: "menuconfig" <symbol> <config options> -This is similiar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a +This is similar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a hint to front ends, that all suboptions should be displayed as a separate list of options. diff --git a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt index 08bafa8c1ca..99f2d4d4bf7 100644 --- a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt +++ b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ If die() is called, and it happens to be a thread with pid 0 or 1, or die() is called inside interrupt context or die() is called and panic_on_oops is set, the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel. -On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system system will boot into the dump-capture kernel. +On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel. For testing purposes, you can trigger a crash by using "ALT-SysRq-c", "echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger or write a module to force the panic. diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt index 99d24f2943e..b53bccbd972 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-docs.txt @@ -290,17 +290,6 @@ Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules programming. Lots of examples. - * Title: "Device File System (devfs) Overview" - Author: Richard Gooch. - URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/rgooch/linux/docs/devfs.html - Keywords: filesystem, /dev, devfs, dynamic devices, major/minor - allocation, device management. - Description: Document describing Richard Gooch's controversial - devfs, which allows for dynamic devices, only shows present - devices in /dev, gets rid of major/minor numbers allocation - problems, and allows for hundreds of identical devices (which some - USB systems might demand soon). - * Title: "I/O Event Handling Under Linux" Author: Richard Gooch. URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/io-events.html diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 137e993f432..12b3b24bfd2 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override. [Deprecated] - Forces specified clocksource (if avaliable) to be used + Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified - clocksource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT. + clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT. Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr } disable_8254_timer @@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode - i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from - keyboard and can not control its state + i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from + keyboard and cannot control its state (Don't attempt to blink the leds) i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port @@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]] - See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c. + See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area diff --git a/Documentation/keys.txt b/Documentation/keys.txt index e373f021284..3da586bc785 100644 --- a/Documentation/keys.txt +++ b/Documentation/keys.txt @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ The keyctl syscall functions are: Note that this setting is inherited across fork/exec. - [1] The default default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise + [1] The default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise the process keyring if there is one, otherwise the session keyring if there is one, otherwise the user default session keyring. @@ -708,14 +708,14 @@ The keyctl syscall functions are: If the specified key is 0, then any assumed authority will be divested. - The assumed authorititive key is inherited across fork and exec. + The assumed authoritative key is inherited across fork and exec. =============== KERNEL SERVICES =============== -The kernel services for key managment are fairly simple to deal with. They can +The kernel services for key management are fairly simple to deal with. They can be broken down into two areas: keys and key types. Dealing with keys is fairly straightforward. Firstly, the kernel service diff --git a/Documentation/kobject.txt b/Documentation/kobject.txt index 949f7b5a205..e44855513b3 100644 --- a/Documentation/kobject.txt +++ b/Documentation/kobject.txt @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ more complex object types. It provides a set of basic fields that almost all complex data types share. kobjects are intended to be embedded in larger data structures and replace fields they duplicate. -1.2 Defintion +1.2 Definition struct kobject { char name[KOBJ_NAME_LEN]; diff --git a/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt b/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt index 5696e879449..c487186eb2b 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data DO_REMOUNTS: The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems -with approriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this +with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this feature is disabled. DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: diff --git a/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt b/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt index 55a7e4fa8cc..dab123db5a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ cases there is an inherent "natural" ordering between the two objects (defined by the properties of the hierarchy), and the kernel grabs the locks in this fixed order on each of the objects. -An example of such an object hieararchy that results in "nested locking" +An example of such an object hierarchy that results in "nested locking" is that of a "whole disk" block-dev object and a "partition" block-dev object; the partition is "part of" the whole device and as long as one always takes the whole disk lock as a higher lock than the partition @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ enum bdev_bd_mutex_lock_class In this case the locking is done on a bdev object that is known to be a partition. -The validator treats a lock that is taken in such a nested fasion as a +The validator treats a lock that is taken in such a nested fashion as a separate (sub)class for the purposes of validation. Note: When changing code to use the _nested() primitives, be careful and -check really thoroughly that the hiearchy is correctly mapped; otherwise +check really thoroughly that the hierarchy is correctly mapped; otherwise you can get false positives or false negatives. Proof of 100% correctness: @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Proof of 100% correctness: The validator achieves perfect, mathematical 'closure' (proof of locking correctness) in the sense that for every simple, standalone single-task -locking sequence that occured at least once during the lifetime of the +locking sequence that occurred at least once during the lifetime of the kernel, the validator proves it with a 100% certainty that no combination and timing of these locking sequences can cause any class of lock related deadlock. [*] diff --git a/Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt b/Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt index d5d3f064f55..1c41db21d3c 100644 --- a/Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ switch to another mode once Linux has started. The first 3 parameters of this sub-option should be obvious: <xres>, <yres> and <depth> give the dimensions of the screen and the number of -planes (depth). The depth is is the logarithm to base 2 of the number +planes (depth). The depth is the logarithm to base 2 of the number of colors possible. (Or, the other way round: The number of colors is 2^depth). diff --git a/Documentation/mca.txt b/Documentation/mca.txt index 60913354cb7..aabce4ad90f 100644 --- a/Documentation/mca.txt +++ b/Documentation/mca.txt @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Currently, there are a number of MCA-specific device drivers. with clones that have a different adapter id than the original NE/2. -6) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Aapter/A and +6) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Adapter/A and Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SCSI part) Better support for these cards than the driver for ISA. Supports multiple cards with IRQ sharing. diff --git a/Documentation/md.txt b/Documentation/md.txt index 9ae9e407898..2202f5dc8ac 100644 --- a/Documentation/md.txt +++ b/Documentation/md.txt @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ be reconstructed (due to no parity). For this reason, md will normally refuse to start such an array. This requires the sysadmin to take action to explicitly start the array -desipite possible corruption. This is normally done with +despite possible corruption. This is normally done with mdadm --assemble --force .... This option is not really available if the array has the root @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ All md devices contain: raid levels that involve striping (1,4,5,6,10). The address space of the array is conceptually divided into chunks and consecutive chunks are striped onto neighbouring devices. - The size should be atleast PAGE_SIZE (4k) and should be a power + The size should be at least PAGE_SIZE (4k) and should be a power of 2. This can only be set while assembling an array component_size @@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ All md devices contain: safe_mode_delay When an md array has seen no write requests for a certain period of time, it will be marked as 'clean'. When another write - request arrive, the array is marked as 'dirty' before the write - commenses. This is known as 'safe_mode'. + request arrives, the array is marked as 'dirty' before the write + commences. This is known as 'safe_mode'. The 'certain period' is controlled by this file which stores the period as a number of seconds. The default is 200msec (0.200). Writing a value of 0 disables safemode. @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ Each directory contains: This applies only to raid1 arrays. spare - device is working, but not a full member. This includes spares that are in the process - of being recoverred to - This list make grow in future. + of being recovered to + This list may grow in future. This can be written to. Writing "faulty" simulates a failure on the device. Writing "remove" removes the device from the array. @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Each directory contains: This gives the role that the device has in the array. It will either be 'none' if the device is not active in the array (i.e. is a spare or has failed) or an integer less than the - 'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which possition + 'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which position it currently fills. This can only be set while assembling an array. A device for which this is set is assumed to be working. @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ in the array. These are named rdNN -where 'NN' is the possition in the array, starting from 0. +where 'NN' is the position in the array, starting from 0. So for a 3 drive array there will be rd0, rd1, rd2. These are symbolic links to the appropriate 'dev-XXX' entry. Thus, for example, diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt index 46b9b389df3..994355b0cd1 100644 --- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ effectively random order, despite the write barrier issued by CPU 1: In the above example, CPU 2 perceives that B is 7, despite the load of *C -(which would be B) coming after the the LOAD of C. +(which would be B) coming after the LOAD of C. If, however, a data dependency barrier were to be placed between the load of C and the load of *C (ie: B) on CPU 2: @@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@ Whilst most CPUs do imply a data dependency barrier on the read when a memory access depends on a read, not all do, so it may not be relied on. Other CPUs may also have split caches, but must coordinate between the various -cachelets for normal memory accesss. The semantics of the Alpha removes the +cachelets for normal memory accesses. The semantics of the Alpha removes the need for coordination in absence of memory barriers. diff --git a/Documentation/mono.txt b/Documentation/mono.txt index 807a0c7b473..e8e1758e87d 100644 --- a/Documentation/mono.txt +++ b/Documentation/mono.txt @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ other program after you have done the following: the kernel (CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly. If you choose to compile it as a module, you will have to insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmod - can not be easily supported with binfmt_misc. + cannot be easily supported with binfmt_misc. Read the file 'binfmt_misc.txt' in this directory to know more about the configuration process. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt b/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt index 867a99f88c6..0643e3b7168 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/3c509.txt @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ packets faster than they can be removed from the card. This should be rare or impossible in normal operation. Possible causes of this error report are: - a "green" mode enabled that slows the processor down when there is no - keyboard activitiy. + keyboard activity. - some other device or device driver hogging the bus or disabling interrupts. Check /proc/interrupts for excessive interrupt counts. The timer tick diff --git a/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt index 54376e8249c..93af3e87c65 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Legend: packets out of the rx ring. Note from this that the lower the load the more we could clean up the rxring "Ndone" == is the converse of "Done". Note again, that the higher -the load the more times we couldnt clean up the rxring. +the load the more times we couldn't clean up the rxring. Observe that: when the NIC receives 890Kpackets/sec only 17 rx interrupts are generated. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/arcnet-hardware.txt b/Documentation/networking/arcnet-hardware.txt index 30a5f01403d..731de411513 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/arcnet-hardware.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/arcnet-hardware.txt @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ And now to the cabling. What you can connect together: 5. An active hub to passive hub. -Remember, that you can not connect two passive hubs together. The power loss +Remember that you cannot connect two passive hubs together. The power loss implied by such a connection is too high for the net to operate reliably. An example of a typical ARCnet network: diff --git a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt index dc942eaf490..de809e58092 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt @@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ Changing a Bond's Configuration files located in /sys/class/net/<bond name>/bonding The names of these files correspond directly with the command- -line parameters described elsewhere in in this file, and, with the +line parameters described elsewhere in this file, and, with the exception of arp_ip_target, they accept the same values. To see the current setting, simply cat the appropriate file. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt b/Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt index 188beb7d6a1..64896470e27 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ configuration options are available on the command line: * media=rj45 - specify media type or media=bnc or media=aui - or medai=auto + or media=auto * duplex=full - specify forced half/full/autonegotiate duplex or duplex=half or duplex=auto @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ of four ways after installing and or configuring the CS8900/20-based adapter: 1.) The system does not boot properly (or at all). - 2.) The driver can not communicate with the adapter, reporting an "Adapter + 2.) The driver cannot communicate with the adapter, reporting an "Adapter not found" error message. 3.) You cannot connect to the network or the driver will not load. @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ ethernet@crystal.cirrus.com) and request that you be registered for automatic software-update notification. Cirrus Logic maintains a web page at http://www.cirrus.com with the -the latest drivers and technical publications. +latest drivers and technical publications. 6.4 Current maintainer diff --git a/Documentation/networking/cxgb.txt b/Documentation/networking/cxgb.txt index 76324638626..20a887615c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/cxgb.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/cxgb.txt @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ FEATURES ethtool -C eth0 rx-usecs 100 - You may also provide a timer latency value while disabling adpative-rx: + You may also provide a timer latency value while disabling adaptive-rx: ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off rx-usecs <microseconds> @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ PERFORMANCE smaller window prevents congestion and facilitates better pacing, especially if/when MAC level flow control does not work well or when it is not supported on the machine. Experimentation may be necessary to attain - the correct value. This method is provided as a starting point fot the + the correct value. This method is provided as a starting point for the correct receive buffer size. Setting the min, max, and default receive buffer (RX_WINDOW) size is performed in the same manner as single connection. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt b/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt index e6c39c5831f..badb7480ea6 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/decnet.txt @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ethernet address of your ethernet card has to be set according to the DECnet address of the node in order for it to be autoconfigured (and then appear in /proc/net/decnet_dev). There is a utility available at the above FTP sites called dn2ethaddr which can compute the correct ethernet -address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before at +address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before or at the time the device is brought up. If you are using RedHat you can add the line: diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dl2k.txt b/Documentation/networking/dl2k.txt index d460492037e..10e8490fa40 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/dl2k.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/dl2k.txt @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Installing the Driver Parameter Description ===================== -You can install this driver without any addtional parameter. However, if you +You can install this driver without any additional parameter. However, if you are going to have extensive functions then it is necessary to set extra parameter. Below is a list of the command line parameters supported by the Linux device @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ rx_timeout=n - Rx DMA wait time for an interrupt. reach timeout of n * 640 nano seconds. Set proper rx_coalesce and rx_timeout can reduce congestion collapse and overload which - has been a bottlenect for high speed network. + has been a bottleneck for high speed network. For example, rx_coalesce=10 rx_timeout=800. that is, hardware assert only 1 interrupt diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt b/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt index 046363552d0..b1b7499dd9d 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Next you should configure your network interface with a command similar to : ifconfig eth0 172.22.3.18 ^^^^^^^^^^^ - Your IP Adress + Your IP Address Then you may have to modify the default routing table with command : diff --git a/Documentation/networking/driver.txt b/Documentation/networking/driver.txt index a9ad58b49cc..4f7da5a2bf4 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/driver.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/driver.txt @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Transmit path guidelines: ... } - And then at the end of your TX reclaimation event handling: + And then at the end of your TX reclamation event handling: if (netif_queue_stopped(dp->dev) && TX_BUFFS_AVAIL(dp) > (MAX_SKB_FRAGS + 1)) diff --git a/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt b/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt index 71fe15af356..5c0a5cc0399 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Additional Configurations As an example, if you install the e1000 driver for two PRO/1000 adapters (eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add - the following to modules.conf or or modprobe.conf: + the following to modules.conf or modprobe.conf: alias eth0 e1000 alias eth1 e1000 diff --git a/Documentation/networking/fib_trie.txt b/Documentation/networking/fib_trie.txt index f50d0c673c5..0723db7f849 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/fib_trie.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/fib_trie.txt @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ trie_rebalance() resize() Analyzes a tnode and optimizes the child array size by either inflating - or shrinking it repeatedly until it fullfills the criteria for optimal + or shrinking it repeatedly until it fulfills the criteria for optimal level compression. This part follows the original paper pretty closely and there may be some room for experimentation here. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt b/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt index c3297f79c13..70e6275b757 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt @@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ Rate Estimator: 0) Prepare an estimator attribute. Most likely this would be in user space. The value of this TLV should contain a tc_estimator structure. - As usual, such a TLV nees to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the - length needs to be appropriately set etc. The estimator interval + As usual, such a TLV needs to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the + length needs to be appropriately set, etc. The estimator interval and ewma log need to be converted to the appropriate values. tc_estimator.c::tc_setup_estimator() is advisable to be used as the conversion routine. It does a few clever things. It takes a time @@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ In the kernel when setting up: else failed -From now on, everytime you dump my_rate_est_stats it will contain -uptodate info. +From now on, every time you dump my_rate_est_stats it will contain +up-to-date info. Once you are done, call gen_kill_estimator(my_basicstats, my_rate_est_stats) Make sure that my_basicstats and my_rate_est_stats diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt index 935e298f674..fd3c0c01235 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr - BOOLEAN Note that if no primary address exists for the interface selected, then the primary address of the first non-loopback interface that - has one will be used regarldess of this setting. + has one will be used regardless of this setting. Default: 0 @@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ accept_ra_defrtr - BOOLEAN disabled if accept_ra is disabled. accept_ra_pinfo - BOOLEAN - Learn Prefix Inforamtion in Router Advertisement. + Learn Prefix Information in Router Advertisement. Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled. disabled if accept_ra is disabled. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt index 53618fb1a71..1caa6c73469 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt @@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ messages is high, but should have no other impact. Netconsole was designed to be as instantaneous as possible, to enable the logging of even the most critical kernel bugs. It works from IRQ contexts as well, and does not enable interrupts while -sending packets. Due to these unique needs, configuration can not +sending packets. Due to these unique needs, configuration cannot be more automatic, and some fundamental limitations will remain: only IP networks, UDP packets and ethernet devices are supported. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/netif-msg.txt b/Documentation/networking/netif-msg.txt index 18ad4cea625..c967ddb90d0 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/netif-msg.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/netif-msg.txt @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ History Per-interface rather than per-driver message level setting. More selective control over the type of messages emitted. - The netif_msg recommandation adds these features with only a minor + The netif_msg recommendation adds these features with only a minor complexity and code size increase. The recommendation is the following points diff --git a/Documentation/networking/operstates.txt b/Documentation/networking/operstates.txt index 4a21d9bb836..c9074f9b78b 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/operstates.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/operstates.txt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 1. Introduction Linux distinguishes between administrative and operational state of an -interface. Admininstrative state is the result of "ip link set dev +interface. Administrative state is the result of "ip link set dev <dev> up or down" and reflects whether the administrator wants to use the device for traffic. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt index aaf99d5f0da..12a008a5c22 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ the following process: [setup] socket() -------> creation of the capture socket setsockopt() ---> allocation of the circular buffer (ring) - mmap() ---------> maping of the allocated buffer to the + mmap() ---------> mapping of the allocated buffer to the user process [capture] poll() ---------> to wait for incoming packets @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ The destruction of the socket and all associated resources is done by a simple call to close(fd). Next I will describe PACKET_MMAP settings and it's constraints, -also the maping of the circular buffer in the user process and +also the mapping of the circular buffer in the user process and the use of this buffer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ we will get the following buffer structure: A frame can be of any size with the only condition it can fit in a block. A block can only hold an integer number of frames, or in other words, a frame cannot -be spawn accross two blocks so there are some datails you have to take into -account when choosing the frame_size. See "Maping and use of the circular +be spawned accross two blocks, so there are some details you have to take into +account when choosing the frame_size. See "Mapping and use of the circular buffer (ring)". @@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ called pg_vec, its size limits the number of blocks that can be allocated. block #1 -kmalloc allocates any number of bytes of phisically contiguous memory from -a pool of pre-determined sizes. This pool of memory is mantained by the slab +kmalloc allocates any number of bytes of physically contiguous memory from +a pool of pre-determined sizes. This pool of memory is maintained by the slab allocator which is at the end the responsible for doing the allocation and hence which imposes the maximum memory that kmalloc can allocate. @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ i386 architecture: <pagesize> = 4096 bytes <max-order> = 11 -and a value for <frame size> of 2048 byteas. These parameters will yield +and a value for <frame size> of 2048 bytes. These parameters will yield <block number> = 131072/4 = 32768 blocks <block size> = 4096 << 11 = 8 MiB. @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ an i386 kernel's memory size is limited to 1GiB. All memory allocations are not freed until the socket is closed. The memory allocations are done with GFP_KERNEL priority, this basically means that the allocation can wait and swap other process' memory in order to allocate -the nececessary memory, so normally limits can be reached. +the necessary memory, so normally limits can be reached. Other constraints ------------------- @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ the following (from include/linux/if_packet.h): - struct tpacket_hdr - pad to TPACKET_ALIGNMENT=16 - struct sockaddr_ll - - Gap, chosen so that packet data (Start+tp_net) alignes to + - Gap, chosen so that packet data (Start+tp_net) aligns to TPACKET_ALIGNMENT=16 - Start+tp_mac: [ Optional MAC header ] - Start+tp_net: Packet data, aligned to TPACKET_ALIGNMENT=16. @@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ the following (from include/linux/if_packet.h): tp_frame_size must be a multiple of TPACKET_ALIGNMENT tp_frame_nr must be exactly frames_per_block*tp_block_nr -Note that tp_block_size should be choosed to be a power of two or there will +Note that tp_block_size should be chosen to be a power of two or there will be a waste of memory. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -+ Maping and use of the circular buffer (ring) ++ Mapping and use of the circular buffer (ring) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -The maping of the buffer in the user process is done with the conventional +The mapping of the buffer in the user process is done with the conventional mmap function. Even the circular buffer is compound of several physically discontiguous blocks of memory, they are contiguous to the user space, hence just one call to mmap is needed: diff --git a/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt b/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt index 18d385c068f..c8eee23be8c 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Date: 041221 Enable CONFIG_NET_PKTGEN to compile and build pktgen.o either in kernel or as module. Module is preferred. insmod pktgen if needed. Once running -pktgen creates a thread on each CPU where each thread has affinty it's CPU. +pktgen creates a thread on each CPU where each thread has affinity to its CPU. Monitoring and controlling is done via /proc. Easiest to select a suitable a sample script and configure. @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ root 129 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? SW 2003 523:20 [pktgen/0] root 130 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? SW 2003 509:50 [pktgen/1] -For montoring and control pktgen creates: +For monitoring and control pktgen creates: /proc/net/pktgen/pgctrl /proc/net/pktgen/kpktgend_X /proc/net/pktgen/ethX @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Running: Stopped: eth1 Result: OK: max_before_softirq=10000 -Most important the devices assigend to thread. Note! A device can only belong +Most important the devices assigned to thread. Note! A device can only belong to one thread. @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Examples: Example scripts =============== -A collection of small tutorial scripts for pktgen is in expamples dir. +A collection of small tutorial scripts for pktgen is in examples dir. pktgen.conf-1-1 # 1 CPU 1 dev pktgen.conf-1-2 # 1 CPU 2 dev diff --git a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt index bd528ffbeb4..4bde53e85f3 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/s2io.txt @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ However, you may want to set PCI latency timer to 248. #setpci -d 17d5:* LATENCY_TIMER=f8 For detailed description of the PCI registers, please see Xframe User Guide. b. Use 2-buffer mode. This results in large performance boost on -on certain platforms(eg. SGI Altix, IBM xSeries). +certain platforms(eg. SGI Altix, IBM xSeries). c. Ensure Receive Checksum offload is enabled. Use "ethtool -K ethX" command to set/verify this option. d. Enable NAPI feature(in kernel configuration Device Drivers ---> Network diff --git a/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt b/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt index 7837c53fd5f..4e1cc745ec6 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ To set the driver parameters in this file, proceed as follows: 1. Insert a line of the form : options sk98lin ... For "...", the same syntax is required as described for the command - line paramaters of modprobe below. + line parameters of modprobe below. 2. To activate the new parameters, either reboot your computer or unload and reload the driver. @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Parameter: Moderation Values: None, Static, Dynamic Default: None -Interrupt moderation is employed to limit the maxmimum number of interrupts +Interrupt moderation is employed to limit the maximum number of interrupts the driver has to serve. That is, one or more interrupts (which indicate any transmit or receive packet to be processed) are queued until the driver processes them. When queued interrupts are to be served, is determined by the @@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ Parameter: IntsPerSec Values: 30...40000 (interrupts per second) Default: 2000 -This parameter is only used, if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation -is used on a network adapter card. Using this paramter if no moderation is -applied, will lead to no action performed. +This parameter is only used if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation +is used on a network adapter card. Using this parameter if no moderation is +applied will lead to no action performed. This parameter determines the length of any interrupt moderation interval. Assuming that static interrupt moderation is to be used, an 'IntsPerSec' @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ If any problems occur during the installation process, check the following list: -Problem: The SK-98xx adapter can not be found by the driver. +Problem: The SK-98xx adapter cannot be found by the driver. Solution: In /proc/pci search for the following entry: 'Ethernet controller: SysKonnect SK-98xx ...' If this entry exists, the SK-98xx or SK-98xx V2.0 adapter has @@ -497,12 +497,12 @@ Solution: In /proc/pci search for the following entry: www.syskonnect.com Some COMPAQ machines have problems dealing with PCI under Linux. - Linux. This problem is described in the 'PCI howto' document + This problem is described in the 'PCI howto' document (included in some distributions or available from the web, e.g. at 'www.linux.org'). -Problem: Programs such as 'ifconfig' or 'route' can not be found or the +Problem: Programs such as 'ifconfig' or 'route' cannot be found or the error message 'Operation not permitted' is displayed. Reason: You are not logged in as user 'root'. Solution: Logout and login as 'root' or change to 'root' via 'su'. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/skfp.txt b/Documentation/networking/skfp.txt index 3a419ed42f8..abfddf81e34 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/skfp.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/skfp.txt @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Makes my life much easier :-) If you run into problems during installation, check those items: -Problem: The FDDI adapter can not be found by the driver. +Problem: The FDDI adapter cannot be found by the driver. Reason: Look in /proc/pci for the following entry: 'FDDI network controller: SysKonnect SK-FDDI-PCI ...' If this entry exists, then the FDDI adapter has been @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Reason: Look in /proc/pci for the following entry: Problem: You want to use your computer as a router between multiple IP subnetworks (using multiple adapters), but - you can not reach computers in other subnetworks. + you cannot reach computers in other subnetworks. Reason: Either the router's kernel is not configured for IP forwarding or there is a problem with the routing table and gateway configuration in at least one of the diff --git a/Documentation/networking/slicecom.txt b/Documentation/networking/slicecom.txt index 59cfd95121f..2f04c9267f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/slicecom.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/slicecom.txt @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ red: green: meaning: - - no frame-sync, no signal received, or signal SNAFU. - on "Everything is OK" -on on Recepion is ok, but the remote end sends Remote Alarm +on on Reception is ok, but the remote end sends Remote Alarm on - The interface is unconfigured ----------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ which begin with '//' are the comments. // No alarms - Everything OK // // LOS - Loss Of Signal - No signal sensed on the input -// AIS - Alarm Indication Signal - The remot side sends '11111111'-s, +// AIS - Alarm Indication Signal - The remote side sends '11111111'-s, // it tells, that there's an error condition, or it's not // initialised. // AUXP - Auxiliary Pattern Indication - 01010101.. received. // LFA - Loss of Frame Alignment - no frame sync received. -// RRA - Receive Remote Alarm - the remote end's OK, but singnals error cond. +// RRA - Receive Remote Alarm - the remote end's OK, but signals error cond. // LMFA - Loss of CRC4 Multiframe Alignment - no CRC4 multiframe sync. // NMF - No Multiframe alignment Found after 400 msec - no such alarm using // no-crc4 or crc4 framing, see below. @@ -364,6 +364,6 @@ Treat them very carefully, these can cause much trouble! # echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x21 - - Swithing the loop off: + - Switching the loop off: # echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x00 diff --git a/Documentation/networking/smctr.txt b/Documentation/networking/smctr.txt index 4c866f5a0ee..9af25b810c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/smctr.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/smctr.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This driver is rather simple to use. Select Y to Token Ring adapter support in the kernel configuration. A choice for SMC Token Ring adapters will appear. This drives supports all SMC ISA/MCA adapters. Choose this option. I personally recommend compiling the driver as a module (M), but if you -you would like to compile it staticly answer Y instead. +you would like to compile it statically answer Y instead. This driver supports multiple adapters without the need to load multiple copies of the driver. You should be able to load up to 7 adapters without any kernel diff --git a/Documentation/networking/tcp.txt b/Documentation/networking/tcp.txt index 0fa30042557..0121edc3ba0 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/tcp.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/tcp.txt @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ if needed and you will get the expected protocol. If you ask for an unknown congestion method, then the sysctl attempt will fail. If you remove a tcp congestion control module, then you will get the next -available one. Since reno can not be built as a module, and can not be +available one. Since reno cannot be built as a module, and cannot be deleted, it will always be available. How the new TCP output machine [nyi] works. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/tms380tr.txt b/Documentation/networking/tms380tr.txt index 179e527b9da..c169a57bc92 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/tms380tr.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/tms380tr.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This driver is rather simple to use. Select Y to Token Ring adapter support in the kernel configuration. A choice for SysKonnect Token Ring adapters will appear. This drives supports all SysKonnect ISA and PCI adapters. Choose this option. I personally recommend compiling the driver as a module (M), but if you -you would like to compile it staticly answer Y instead. +you would like to compile it statically answer Y instead. This driver supports multiple adapters without the need to load multiple copies of the driver. You should be able to load up to 7 adapters without any kernel diff --git a/Documentation/networking/vortex.txt b/Documentation/networking/vortex.txt index 6091e5f6794..6356d3faed3 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/vortex.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/vortex.txt @@ -359,13 +359,13 @@ steps you should take: Eliminate some variables: try different cards, different computers, different cables, different ports on the switch/hub, - different versions of the kernel or ofthe driver, etc. + different versions of the kernel or of the driver, etc. - OK, it's a driver problem. You need to generate a report. Typically this is an email to the maintainer and/or linux-net@vger.kernel.org. The maintainer's - email address will be inthe driver source or in the MAINTAINERS file. + email address will be in the driver source or in the MAINTAINERS file. - The contents of your report will vary a lot depending upon the problem. If it's a kernel crash then you should refer to the diff --git a/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt b/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt index c96897aa08b..0cf65414763 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ NEW IN THIS RELEASE for async connections. o Added the PPPCONFIG utility - Used to configure the PPPD dameon for the + Used to configure the PPPD daemon for the WANPIPE Async PPP and standard serial port. The wancfg calls the pppconfig to configure the pppd. @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ PRODUCT COMPONENTS AND RELATED FILES /usr/local/wanrouter/patches/kdrivers: Sources of the latest WANPIPE device drivers. These are used to UPGRADE the linux kernel to the newest - version if the kernel source has already been pathced with + version if the kernel source has already been patched with WANPIPE drivers. /usr/local/wanrouter/samples: @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ REVISION HISTORY Available as a patch. 2.0.6 Aug 17, 1999 Increased debugging in statup scripts - Fixed insallation bugs from 2.0.5 + Fixed installation bugs from 2.0.5 Kernel patch works for both 2.2.10 and 2.2.11 kernels. There is no functional difference between the two packages @@ -434,11 +434,11 @@ beta3-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o X25 M_BIT Problem fix. change. beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000 - o Fixed the MulitPort PPP Support for kernels 2.2.16 and above. + o Fixed the MultiPort PPP Support for kernels 2.2.16 and above. 2.2.X kernels only o Secured the driver UDP debugging calls - - All illegal netowrk debugging calls are reported to + - All illegal network debugging calls are reported to the log. - Defined a set of allowed commands, all other denied. @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000 o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger - A new utilty /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds - to convey operatinal statistic information of the + to convey operational statistic information of the Sangoma WANPIPE cards. NUM_LOCK = Line State (On=connected, Off=disconnected) CAPS_LOCK = Tx data (On=transmitting, Off=no tx data) @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000 o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are compatible with libpcap libraries. Meaning, tcpdump, snort, ethereal, and all other packet sniffers and debuggers work on - all WANPIPE netowrk interfaces. + all WANPIPE network interfaces. - Set the network interface encoding type to ARPHRD_PPP. This tell the sniffers that data obtained from the network interface is in pure IP format. @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ bata1-2.2.1 Feb 09 2001 Option to COMPILE WANPIPE modules against the currently running kernel, thus no need for manual kernel and module - re-compilatin. + re-compilation. o Updates and Bug Fixes to wancfg utility. diff --git a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/nfsroot.txt index 3cc953cb288..719f9a9d60c 100644 --- a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/nfsroot.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Updated 2006 by Horms <horms@verge.net.au> In order to use a diskless system, such as an X-terminal or printer server for example, it is necessary for the root filesystem to be present on a non-disk device. This may be an initramfs (see Documentation/filesystems/ -ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt), a ramdisk (see Documenation/initrd.txt) or a +ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt), a ramdisk (see Documentation/initrd.txt) or a filesystem mounted via NFS. The following text describes on how to use NFS for the root filesystem. For the rest of this text 'client' means the diskless system, and 'server' means the NFS server. diff --git a/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt index 634d3e5b575..6650af43252 100644 --- a/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt +++ b/Documentation/pci-error-recovery.txt @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ is STEP 6 (Permanent Failure). >>> a value of 0xff on read, and writes will be dropped. If the device >>> driver attempts more than 10K I/O's to a frozen adapter, it will >>> assume that the device driver has gone into an infinite loop, and ->>> it will panic the the kernel. There doesn't seem to be any other +>>> it will panic the kernel. There doesn't seem to be any other >>> way of stopping a device driver that insists on spinning on I/O. STEP 2: MMIO Enabled diff --git a/Documentation/pi-futex.txt b/Documentation/pi-futex.txt index 5d61dacd21f..9a5bc8651c2 100644 --- a/Documentation/pi-futex.txt +++ b/Documentation/pi-futex.txt @@ -118,4 +118,4 @@ properties of futexes, and all four combinations are possible: futex, robust-futex, PI-futex, robust+PI-futex. More details about priority inheritance can be found in -Documentation/rtmutex.txt. +Documentation/rt-mutex.txt. diff --git a/Documentation/pm.txt b/Documentation/pm.txt index 79c0f32a760..da8589a0e07 100644 --- a/Documentation/pm.txt +++ b/Documentation/pm.txt @@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ enabled by default). If a working ACPI implementation is found, the ACPI driver will override and disable APM, otherwise the APM driver will be used. -No sorry, you can not have both ACPI and APM enabled and running at +No, sorry, you cannot have both ACPI and APM enabled and running at once. Some people with broken ACPI or broken APM implementations would like to use both to get a full set of working features, but you -simply can not mix and match the two. Only one power management +simply cannot mix and match the two. Only one power management interface can be in control of the machine at once. Think about it.. User-space Daemons @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void pm_unregister_all(pm_callback cback); * * Returns: 0 if the request is successful * EINVAL if the request is not supported - * EBUSY if the device is now busy and can not handle the request + * EBUSY if the device is now busy and cannot handle the request * ENOMEM if the device was unable to handle the request due to memory * * Details: The device request callback will be called before the diff --git a/Documentation/pnp.txt b/Documentation/pnp.txt index 9529c9c9fd5..9ff966bf76e 100644 --- a/Documentation/pnp.txt +++ b/Documentation/pnp.txt @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ static struct pnp_driver serial_pnp_driver = { .remove = serial_pnp_remove, }; -* name and id_table can not be NULL. +* name and id_table cannot be NULL. 4.) register the driver ex: diff --git a/Documentation/power/pci.txt b/Documentation/power/pci.txt index 73fc87e5dc3..24edf25b3bb 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pci.txt @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ A reference implementation This is a typical implementation. Drivers can slightly change the order of the operations in the implementation, ignore some operations or add -more deriver specific operations in it, but drivers should do something like +more driver specific operations in it, but drivers should do something like this on the whole. 5. Resources diff --git a/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt b/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt index 823b2cf6e3d..9ea2208b43b 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ instead set the PF_NOFREEZE process flag when creating the thread (and be very carefull). -Q: What is the difference between between "platform", "shutdown" and +Q: What is the difference between "platform", "shutdown" and "firmware" in /sys/power/disk? A: @@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ reliable. Q: I do not understand why you have such strong objections to idea of selective suspend. -A: Do selective suspend during runtime power managment, that's okay. But -its useless for suspend-to-disk. (And I do not see how you could use +A: Do selective suspend during runtime power management, that's okay. But +it's useless for suspend-to-disk. (And I do not see how you could use it for suspend-to-ram, I hope you do not want that). Lets see, so you suggest to @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ slowness may not matter to you. It can always be fixed later. For devices like disk it does matter, you do not want to spindown for FREEZE. -Q: After resuming, system is paging heavilly, leading to very bad interactivity. +Q: After resuming, system is paging heavily, leading to very bad interactivity. A: Try running diff --git a/Documentation/power/tricks.txt b/Documentation/power/tricks.txt index c6d58d3da13..3b26bb502a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/tricks.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/tricks.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ If you want to trick swsusp/S3 into working, you might want to try: * turn off APIC and preempt -* use ext2. At least it has working fsck. [If something seemes to go +* use ext2. At least it has working fsck. [If something seems to go wrong, force fsck when you have a chance] * turn off modules diff --git a/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt b/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt index 94058220aaf..64755e9285d 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are still frozen when the device is being closed). Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the -snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume +snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume partition, as storage space. However, this is not really required, as they can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or a file on a partition that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT and mounted afterwards. diff --git a/Documentation/power/video.txt b/Documentation/power/video.txt index d859faa3a46..2b358498d09 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/video.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/video.txt @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ problem for S1 standby, because hardware should retain its state over that. We either have to run video BIOS during early resume, or interpret it -using vbetool later, or maybe nothing is neccessary on particular +using vbetool later, or maybe nothing is necessary on particular system because video state is preserved. Unfortunately different methods work on different systems, and no known method suits all of them. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index 5c0ba235f5a..1ccc8a515b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ it with special cases. in case you are entering the kernel with MMU enabled and a non-1:1 mapping. - r5 : NULL (as to differenciate with method a) + r5 : NULL (as to differentiate with method a) Note about SMP entry: Either your firmware puts your other CPUs in some sleep loop or spin loop in ROM where you can get @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ the block to RAM before passing it to the kernel. --------- The kernel is entered with r3 pointing to an area of memory that is - roughtly described in include/asm-powerpc/prom.h by the structure + roughly described in include/asm-powerpc/prom.h by the structure boot_param_header: struct boot_param_header { @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ struct boot_param_header { "compact" format for the tree itself that is however not backward compatible. You should always generate a structure of the highest version defined at the time of your implementation. Currently - that is version 16, unless you explicitely aim at being backward + that is version 16, unless you explicitly aim at being backward compatible. - last_comp_version @@ -418,9 +418,9 @@ zero terminated string and is mandatory for version 1 to 3 of the format definition (as it is in Open Firmware). Version 0x10 makes it optional as it can generate it from the unit name defined below. -There is also a "unit name" that is used to differenciate nodes with +There is also a "unit name" that is used to differentiate nodes with the same name at the same level, it is usually made of the node -name's, the "@" sign, and a "unit address", which definition is +names, the "@" sign, and a "unit address", which definition is specific to the bus type the node sits on. The unit name doesn't exist as a property per-se but is included in @@ -550,11 +550,11 @@ Here's the basic structure of a single node: * [child nodes if any] * token OF_DT_END_NODE (that is 0x00000002) -So the node content can be summmarised as a start token, a full path, -a list of properties, a list of child node and an end token. Every +So the node content can be summarised as a start token, a full path, +a list of properties, a list of child nodes, and an end token. Every child node is a full node structure itself as defined above. -4) Device tree 'strings" block +4) Device tree "strings" block In order to save space, property names, which are generally redundant, are stored separately in the "strings" block. This block is simply the @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ implementation of Open Firmware or an implementation compatible with the Open Firmware client interface, those properties will be created by the trampoline code in the kernel's prom_init() file. For example, that's where you'll have to add code to detect your board model and -set the platform number. However, when using the flatenned device-tree +set the platform number. However, when using the flattened device-tree entry point, there is no prom_init() pass, and thus you have to provide those properties yourself. @@ -630,12 +630,11 @@ like address space bits, you'll have to add a bus translator to the prom_parse.c file of the recent kernels for your bus type. The "reg" property only defines addresses and sizes (if #size-cells -is -non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward +is non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward (that is into parent bus addresses, and possibly into cpu physical addresses), all busses must contain a "ranges" property. If the "ranges" property is missing at a given level, it's assumed that -translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" proprety for a +translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" property for a bus is a list of: bus address, parent bus address, size @@ -689,7 +688,7 @@ is present). 4) Note about node and property names and character set ------------------------------------------------------- -While open firmware provides more flexibe usage of 8859-1, this +While open firmware provides more flexible usage of 8859-1, this specification enforces more strict rules. Nodes and properties should be comprised only of ASCII characters 'a' to 'z', '0' to '9', ',', '.', '_', '+', '#', '?', and '-'. Node names additionally @@ -732,12 +731,12 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit. that typically get driven by the same platform code in the kernel, you would use a different "model" property but put a value in "compatible". The kernel doesn't directly use that - value (see /chosen/linux,platform for how the kernel choses a + value (see /chosen/linux,platform for how the kernel chooses a platform type) but it is generally useful. The root node is also generally where you add additional properties specific to your board like the serial number if any, that sort of - thing. it is recommended that if you add any "custom" property whose + thing. It is recommended that if you add any "custom" property whose name may clash with standard defined ones, you prefix them with your vendor name and a comma. @@ -817,7 +816,7 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit. your board. It's a list of addresses/sizes concatenated together, with the number of cells of each defined by the #address-cells and #size-cells of the root node. For example, - with both of these properties beeing 2 like in the example given + with both of these properties being 2 like in the example given earlier, a 970 based machine with 6Gb of RAM could typically have a "reg" property here that looks like: @@ -970,7 +969,7 @@ device-tree in another format. The currently supported formats are: - "asm": assembly language file. This is a file that can be sourced by gas to generate a device-tree "blob". That file can then simply be added to your Makefile. Additionally, the - assembly file exports some symbols that can be use + assembly file exports some symbols that can be used. The syntax of the dtc tool is @@ -984,10 +983,10 @@ generated. Supported versions are 1,2,3 and 16. The default is currently version 3 but that may change in the future to version 16. Additionally, dtc performs various sanity checks on the tree, like the -uniqueness of linux,phandle properties, validity of strings, etc... +uniqueness of linux, phandle properties, validity of strings, etc... The format of the .dts "source" file is "C" like, supports C and C++ -style commments. +style comments. / { } @@ -1069,13 +1068,13 @@ while all this has been defined and implemented. around. It contains no internal offsets or pointers for this purpose. - - An example of code for iterating nodes & retreiving properties + - An example of code for iterating nodes & retrieving properties directly from the flattened tree format can be found in the kernel file arch/ppc64/kernel/prom.c, look at scan_flat_dt() function, - it's usage in early_init_devtree(), and the corresponding various + its usage in early_init_devtree(), and the corresponding various early_init_dt_scan_*() callbacks. That code can be re-used in a GPL bootloader, and as the author of that code, I would be happy - do discuss possible free licencing to any vendor who wishes to + to discuss possible free licencing to any vendor who wishes to integrate all or part of this code into a non-GPL bootloader. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt index 3764dd4b12c..4530d1bf028 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/eeh-pci-error-recovery.txt @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ EEH-isolated, there is a firmware call it can make to determine if this is the case. If so, then the device driver should put itself into a consistent state (given that it won't be able to complete any pending work) and start recovery of the card. Recovery normally -would consist of reseting the PCI device (holding the PCI #RST +would consist of resetting the PCI device (holding the PCI #RST line high for two seconds), followed by setting up the device config space (the base address registers (BAR's), latency timer, cache line size, interrupt line, and so on). This is followed by a @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ At this time, a generic EEH recovery mechanism has been implemented, so that individual device drivers do not need to be modified to support EEH recovery. This generic mechanism piggy-backs on the PCI hotplug infrastructure, and percolates events up through the userspace/udev -infrastructure. Followiing is a detailed description of how this is +infrastructure. Following is a detailed description of how this is accomplished. EEH must be enabled in the PHB's very early during the boot process, diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt index 1e38166f4e5..f93462c5db2 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/hvcs.txt @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This index of '2' means that in order to connect to vty-server adapter It should be noted that due to the system hotplug I/O capabilities of a system the /dev/hvcs* entry that interacts with a particular vty-server -adapter is not guarenteed to remain the same across system reboots. Look +adapter is not guaranteed to remain the same across system reboots. Look in the Q & A section for more on this issue. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/prio_tree.txt b/Documentation/prio_tree.txt index 2fbb0c49bc5..3aa68f9a117 100644 --- a/Documentation/prio_tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/prio_tree.txt @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ path which is not desirable. Hence, we do not optimize the height of the heap-and-size indexed overflow-sub-trees using prio_tree->index_bits. Instead the overflow sub-trees are indexed using full BITS_PER_LONG bits of size_index. This may lead to skewed sub-trees because most of the -higher significant bits of the size_index are likely to be be 0 (zero). In +higher significant bits of the size_index are likely to be 0 (zero). In the example above, all 3 overflow-sub-trees are skewed. This may marginally affect the performance. However, processes rarely map many vmas with the same start_vm_pgoff but different end_vm_pgoffs. Therefore, we normally diff --git a/Documentation/rocket.txt b/Documentation/rocket.txt index a1067800445..1d858299043 100644 --- a/Documentation/rocket.txt +++ b/Documentation/rocket.txt @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ a range of I/O addresses for it to use. The first RocketPort card requires a 68-byte contiguous block of I/O addresses, starting at one of the following: 0x100h, 0x140h, 0x180h, 0x200h, 0x240h, 0x280h, 0x300h, 0x340h, 0x380h. This I/O address must be reflected in the DIP -switiches of *all* of the Rocketport cards. +switches of *all* of the Rocketport cards. The second, third, and fourth RocketPort cards require a 64-byte contiguous block of I/O addresses, starting at one of the following @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ second, third, and fourth Rocketport cards (if present) are set via software control. The DIP switch settings for the I/O address must be set to the value of the first Rocketport cards. -In order to destinguish each of the card from the others, each card +In order to distinguish each of the card from the others, each card must have a unique board ID set on the dip switches. The first Rocketport board must be set with the DIP switches corresponding to the first board, the second board must be set with the DIP switches @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ conflict with any other cards in the system, including other RocketPort cards. Below, you will find a list of commonly used I/O address ranges which may be in use by other devices in your system. On a Linux system, "cat /proc/ioports" will also be helpful in -identifying what I/O addresses are being used by devics on your +identifying what I/O addresses are being used by devices on your system. Remember, the FIRST RocketPort uses 68 I/O addresses. So, if you set it diff --git a/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt b/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt index 5f757c8cf97..8a382bea680 100644 --- a/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt +++ b/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The common code handles such things as: - general cache lookup with correct locking - supporting 'NEGATIVE' as well as positive entries - allowing an EXPIRED time on cache items, and removing - items after they expire, and are no longe in-use. + items after they expire, and are no longer in-use. - making requests to user-space to fill in cache entries - allowing user-space to directly set entries in the cache - delaying RPC requests that depend on as-yet incomplete @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Creating a Cache structure void cache_put(struct kref *) This is called when the last reference to an item is - is dropped. The pointer passed is to the 'ref' field + dropped. The pointer passed is to the 'ref' field in the cache_head. cache_put should release any references create by 'cache_init' and, if CACHE_VALID is set, any references created by cache_update. diff --git a/Documentation/s390/3270.txt b/Documentation/s390/3270.txt index 0a044e647d2..7a5c73a7ed7 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/3270.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/3270.txt @@ -111,9 +111,7 @@ Here are the installation steps in detail: config3270.sh. Inspect the output script it produces, /tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script. This will create the necessary character special device files and make the necessary - changes to /etc/inittab. If you have selected DEVFS, the driver - itself creates the device files, and /tmp/mkdev3270 only changes - /etc/inittab. + changes to /etc/inittab. Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing the telinit command with the q operand: diff --git a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt index 844c03fe792..4dd25ee549e 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Overview of Document: ===================== This document is intended to give an good overview of how to debug -Linux for s/390 & z/Architecture it isn't intended as a complete reference & not a -tutorial on the fundamentals of C & assembly, it dosen't go into +Linux for s/390 & z/Architecture. It isn't intended as a complete reference & not a +tutorial on the fundamentals of C & assembly. It doesn't go into 390 IO in any detail. It is intended to complement the documents in the reference section below & any other worthwhile references you get. @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ s/390 z/Architecture 0 0 Reserved ( must be 0 ) otherwise specification exception occurs. 1 1 Program Event Recording 1 PER enabled, - PER is used to facilititate debugging e.g. single stepping. + PER is used to facilitate debugging e.g. single stepping. 2-4 2-4 Reserved ( must be 0 ). @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ s/390 z/Architecture 1 1 64 bit 32 1=31 bit addressing mode 0=24 bit addressing mode (for backward - compatibility ), linux always runs with this bit set to 1 + compatibility), linux always runs with this bit set to 1 33-64 Instruction address. 33-63 Reserved must be 0 @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Bytes 0-512 ( 200 hex ) on s/390 & 0-512,4096-4544,4604-5119 currently on z/Arch are used by the processor itself for holding such information as exception indications & entry points for exceptions. Bytes after 0xc00 hex are used by linux for per processor globals on s/390 & z/Architecture -( there is a gap on z/Architecure too currently between 0xc00 & 1000 which linux uses ). +( there is a gap on z/Architecture too currently between 0xc00 & 1000 which linux uses ). The closest thing to this on traditional architectures is the interrupt vector table. This is a good thing & does simplify some of the kernel coding however it means that we now cannot catch stray NULL pointers in the @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ they go to 64 Bit. On 390 our limitations & strengths make us slightly different. For backward compatibility we are only allowed use 31 bits (2GB) -of our 32 bit addresses,however, we use entirely separate address +of our 32 bit addresses, however, we use entirely separate address spaces for the user & kernel. This means we can support 2GB of non Extended RAM on s/390, & more @@ -317,9 +317,9 @@ Each process/thread under Linux for S390 has its own kernel task_struct defined in linux/include/linux/sched.h The S390 on initialisation & resuming of a process on a cpu sets the __LC_KERNEL_STACK variable in the spare prefix area for this cpu -( which we use for per processor globals). +(which we use for per-processor globals). -The kernel stack pointer is intimately tied with the task stucture for +The kernel stack pointer is intimately tied with the task structure for each processor as follows. s/390 @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ static inline struct task_struct * get_current(void) } i.e. just anding the current kernel stack pointer with the mask -8192. -Thankfully because Linux dosen't have support for nested IO interrupts +Thankfully because Linux doesn't have support for nested IO interrupts & our devices have large buffers can survive interrupts being shut for short amounts of time we don't need a separate stack for interrupts. @@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ Register Usage & Stackframes on Linux for s/390 & z/Architecture Overview: --------- This is the code that gcc produces at the top & the bottom of -each function, it usually is fairly consistent & similar from -function to function & if you know its layout you can probalby +each function. It usually is fairly consistent & similar from +function to function & if you know its layout you can probably make some headway in finding the ultimate cause of a problem after a crash without a source level debugger. @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ i.e they aren't in registers & they aren't static. back-chain: This is a pointer to the stack pointer before entering a framed functions ( see frameless function ) prologue got by -deferencing the address of the current stack pointer, +dereferencing the address of the current stack pointer, i.e. got by accessing the 32 bit value at the stack pointers current location. @@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ This is useful for debugging because 1) You can double check whether the files you expect to be included are the ones that are being included ( e.g. double check that you aren't going to the i386 asm directory ). 2) Check that macro definitions aren't clashing with typedefs, -3) Check that definitons aren't being used before they are being included. +3) Check that definitions aren't being used before they are being included. 4) Helps put the line emitting the error under the microscope if it contains macros. For convenience the Linux kernel's makefile will do preprocessing automatically for you @@ -840,12 +840,11 @@ using the strip command to make it a more reasonable size to boot it. A source/assembly mixed dump of the kernel can be done with the line objdump --source vmlinux > vmlinux.lst -Also if the file isn't compiled -g this will output as much debugging information -as it can ( e.g. function names ), however, this is very slow as it spends lots -of time searching for debugging info, the following self explanitory line should be used -instead if the code isn't compiled -g. +Also, if the file isn't compiled -g, this will output as much debugging information +as it can (e.g. function names). This is very slow as it spends lots +of time searching for debugging info. The following self explanatory line should be used +instead if the code isn't compiled -g, as it is much faster: objdump --disassemble-all --syms vmlinux > vmlinux.lst -as it is much faster As hard drive space is valuble most of us use the following approach. 1) Look at the emitted psw on the console to find the crash address in the kernel. @@ -861,7 +860,7 @@ Linux source tree. 6) rm /arch/s390/kernel/signal.o 7) make /arch/s390/kernel/signal.o 8) watch the gcc command line emitted -9) type it in again or alernatively cut & paste it on the console adding the -g option. +9) type it in again or alternatively cut & paste it on the console adding the -g option. 10) objdump --source arch/s390/kernel/signal.o > signal.lst This will output the source & the assembly intermixed, as the snippet below shows This will unfortunately output addresses which aren't the same @@ -913,8 +912,8 @@ If you wanted to know does ping work but didn't have the source strace ping -c 1 127.0.0.1 & then look at the man pages for each of the syscalls below, ( In fact this is sometimes easier than looking at some spagetti -source which conditionally compiles for several architectures ) -Not everything that it throws out needs to make sense immeadiately +source which conditionally compiles for several architectures ). +Not everything that it throws out needs to make sense immediately. Just looking quickly you can see that it is making up a RAW socket for the ICMP protocol. @@ -974,8 +973,9 @@ through the pipe for each line containing the string open. Example 3 --------- -Getting sophistocated -telnetd crashes on & I don't know why +Getting sophisticated +telnetd crashes & I don't know why + Steps ----- 1) Replace the following line in /etc/inetd.conf @@ -1085,8 +1085,7 @@ Notes ----- Addresses & values in the VM debugger are always hex never decimal Address ranges are of the format <HexValue1>-<HexValue2> or <HexValue1>.<HexValue2> -e.g. The address range 0x2000 to 0x3000 can be described described as -2000-3000 or 2000.1000 +e.g. The address range 0x2000 to 0x3000 can be described as 2000-3000 or 2000.1000 The VM Debugger is case insensitive. @@ -1311,7 +1310,7 @@ for finding out when a particular variable changes. An alternative way of finding the STD of a currently running process is to do the following, ( this method is more complex but -could be quite convient if you aren't updating the kernel much & +could be quite convenient if you aren't updating the kernel much & so your kernel structures will stay constant for a reasonable period of time ). @@ -1413,7 +1412,7 @@ SMP Specific commands To find out how many cpus you have Q CPUS displays all the CPU's available to your virtual machine To find the cpu that the current cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do -Q CPU to change the current cpu cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do +Q CPU to change the current cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do CPU <desired cpu no> On a SMP guest issue a command to all CPUs try prefixing the command with cpu all. @@ -1674,8 +1673,8 @@ channel is idle & the second for device end ( secondary status ) sometimes you g concurrently, you check how the IO went on by issuing a TEST SUBCHANNEL at each interrupt, from which you receive an Interruption response block (IRB). If you get channel & device end status in the IRB without channel checks etc. your IO probably went okay. If you didn't you -probably need a doctorto examine the IRB & extended status word etc. -If an error occurs more sophistocated control units have a facitity known as +probably need a doctor to examine the IRB & extended status word etc. +If an error occurs, more sophistocated control units have a facitity known as concurrent sense this means that if an error occurs Extended sense information will be presented in the Extended status word in the IRB if not you have to issue a subsequent SENSE CCW command after the test subchannel. @@ -1704,7 +1703,7 @@ concentrate on data processing. IOP's can use one or more links ( known as channel paths ) to talk to each IO device. It first checks for path availability & chooses an available one, then starts ( & sometimes terminates IO ). -There are two types of channel path ESCON & the Paralell IO interface. +There are two types of channel path: ESCON & the Parallel IO interface. IO devices are attached to control units, control units provide the logic to interface the channel paths & channel path IO protocols to @@ -1743,11 +1742,11 @@ controllers or a control unit which connects to 1000 3270 terminals ). The 390 IO systems come in 2 flavours the current 390 machines support both -The Older 360 & 370 Interface,sometimes called the paralell I/O interface, +The Older 360 & 370 Interface,sometimes called the Parallel I/O interface, sometimes called Bus-and Tag & sometimes Original Equipment Manufacturers Interface (OEMI). -This byte wide paralell channel path/bus has parity & data on the "Bus" cable +This byte wide Parallel channel path/bus has parity & data on the "Bus" cable & control lines on the "Tag" cable. These can operate in byte multiplex mode for sharing between several slow devices or burst mode & monopolize the channel for the whole burst. Upto 256 devices can be addressed on one of these cables. These cables are @@ -1777,7 +1776,7 @@ Consoles 3270 & 3215 ( a teletype emulated under linux for a line mode console ) DASD's direct access storage devices ( otherwise known as hard disks ). Tape Drives. CTC ( Channel to Channel Adapters ), -ESCON or Paralell Cables used as a very high speed serial link +ESCON or Parallel Cables used as a very high speed serial link between 2 machines. We use 2 cables under linux to do a bi-directional serial link. @@ -1803,8 +1802,8 @@ OSA 7C09 ON OSA 7C09 SUBCHANNEL = 0001 OSA 7C14 ON OSA 7C14 SUBCHANNEL = 0002 OSA 7C15 ON OSA 7C15 SUBCHANNEL = 0003 -If you have a guest with certain priviliges you may be able to see devices -which don't belong to you to avoid this do add the option V. +If you have a guest with certain privileges you may be able to see devices +which don't belong to you. To avoid this, add the option V. e.g. Q V OSA @@ -1837,7 +1836,7 @@ RDRLIST RECEIVE / LOG TXT A1 ( replace 8) filel & press F11 to look at it -You should see someting like. +You should see something like: 00020942' SSCH B2334000 0048813C CC 0 SCH 0000 DEV 7C08 CPA 000FFDF0 PARM 00E2C9C4 KEY 0 FPI C0 LPM 80 @@ -1916,7 +1915,7 @@ Assembly -------- info registers: displays registers other than floating point. info all-registers: displays floating points as well. -disassemble: dissassembles +disassemble: disassembles e.g. disassemble without parameters will disassemble the current function disassemble $pc $pc+10 @@ -1935,7 +1934,7 @@ undisplay : undo's display's info breakpoints: shows all current breakpoints -info stack: shows stack back trace ( if this dosent work too well, I'll show you the +info stack: shows stack back trace ( if this doesn't work too well, I'll show you the stacktrace by hand below ). info locals: displays local variables. @@ -2045,13 +2044,13 @@ what gdb does when the victim receives certain signals. list: e.g. list lists current function source -list 1,10 list first 10 lines of curret file. +list 1,10 list first 10 lines of current file. list test.c:1,10 directory: Adds directories to be searched for source if gdb cannot find the source. -(note it is a bit sensititive about slashes ) +(note it is a bit sensititive about slashes) e.g. To add the root of the filesystem to the searchpath do directory // @@ -2123,9 +2122,9 @@ p/x (*(**$sp+56))&0x7fffffff Disassembling instructions without debug info --------------------------------------------- -gdb typically compains if there is a lack of debugging -symbols in the disassemble command with -"No function contains specified address." to get around +gdb typically complains if there is a lack of debugging +symbols in the disassemble command with +"No function contains specified address." To get around this do x/<number lines to disassemble>xi <address> e.g. @@ -2184,7 +2183,7 @@ ps -aux | grep gdb kill -SIGSEGV <gdb's pid> or alternatively use killall -SIGSEGV gdb if you have the killall command. Now look at the core dump. -./gdb ./gdb core +./gdb core Displays the following GNU gdb 4.18 Copyright 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2316,7 +2315,7 @@ Showing us the shared libraries init uses where they are in memory /proc/1/mem is the current running processes memory which you can read & write to like a file. strace uses this sometimes as it is a bit faster than the -rather inefficent ptrace interface for peeking at DATA. +rather inefficient ptrace interface for peeking at DATA. cat status @@ -2446,7 +2445,7 @@ displays the following lines as it executes them. + RELSTATUS=release + MACHTYPE=i586-pc-linux-gnu -perl -d <scriptname> runs the perlscript in a fully intercative debugger +perl -d <scriptname> runs the perlscript in a fully interactive debugger <like gdb>. Type 'h' in the debugger for help. @@ -2477,7 +2476,7 @@ Lcrash is a perfectly normal program,however, it requires 2 additional files, Kerntypes which is built using a patch to the linux kernel sources in the linux root directory & the System.map. -Kerntypes is an an objectfile whose sole purpose in life +Kerntypes is an objectfile whose sole purpose in life is to provide stabs debug info to lcrash, to do this Kerntypes is built from kerntypes.c which just includes the most commonly referenced header files used when debugging, lcrash can then read the diff --git a/Documentation/s390/cds.txt b/Documentation/s390/cds.txt index f0be389c711..d80e5733827 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/cds.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/cds.txt @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ determine the device driver owning the device that raised the interrupt. In order not to introduce a new I/O concept to the common Linux code, Linux/390 preserves the IRQ concept and semantically maps the ESA/390 subchannels to Linux as IRQs. This allows Linux/390 to support up to 64k -different IRQs, uniquely representig a single device each. +different IRQs, uniquely representing a single device each. Up to kernel 2.4, Linux/390 used to provide interfaces via the IRQ (subchannel). For internal use of the common I/O layer, these are still there. However, @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ During its startup the Linux/390 system checks for peripheral devices. Each of those devices is uniquely defined by a so called subchannel by the ESA/390 channel subsystem. While the subchannel numbers are system generated, each subchannel also takes a user defined attribute, the so called device number. -Both subchannel number and device number can not exceed 65535. During driverfs +Both subchannel number and device number cannot exceed 65535. During driverfs initialisation, the information about control unit type and device types that imply specific I/O commands (channel command words - CCWs) in order to operate the device are gathered. Device drivers can retrieve this set of hardware @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ This routine returns the characteristics for the device specified. The function is meant to be called with an irq handler in place; that is, at earliest during set_online() processing. -While the request is procesed synchronously, the device interrupt +While the request is processed synchronously, the device interrupt handler is called for final ending status. In case of error situations the interrupt handler may recover appropriately. The device irq handler can recognize the corresponding interrupts by the interruption parameter be -0x00524443.The ccw_device must not be locked prior to calling read_dev_chars(). +0x00524443. The ccw_device must not be locked prior to calling read_dev_chars(). The function may be called enabled or disabled. @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ with the following CCW flags values defined : CCW_FLAG_DC - data chaining CCW_FLAG_CC - command chaining -CCW_FLAG_SLI - suppress incorrct length +CCW_FLAG_SLI - suppress incorrect length CCW_FLAG_SKIP - skip CCW_FLAG_PCI - PCI CCW_FLAG_IDA - indirect addressing @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ The ccw_device_start() function returns : not online. When the I/O request completes, the CDS first level interrupt handler will -accumalate the status in a struct irb and then call the device interrupt handler. +accumulate the status in a struct irb and then call the device interrupt handler. The intparm field will contain the value the device driver has associated with a particular I/O request. If a pending device status was recognized, intparm will be set to 0 (zero). This may happen during I/O initiation or delayed @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ puts the CPU into I/O disabled state by preserving the current PSW flags. The device driver is allowed to issue the next ccw_device_start() call from within its interrupt handler already. It is not required to schedule a -bottom-half, unless an non deterministicly long running error recovery procedure +bottom-half, unless an non deterministically long running error recovery procedure or similar needs to be scheduled. During I/O processing the Linux/390 generic I/O device driver support has already obtained the IRQ lock, i.e. the handler must not try to obtain it again when calling ccw_device_start() or we end in a diff --git a/Documentation/s390/crypto/crypto-API.txt b/Documentation/s390/crypto/crypto-API.txt index 78a77624a71..29dee792c88 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/crypto/crypto-API.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/crypto/crypto-API.txt @@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ Example: z990 crypto instruction for SHA1 algorithm is available -> when the sha1 algorithm is requested through the crypto API (which has a module autoloader) the z990 module will be loaded. -TBD: a userspace module probin mechanism +TBD: a userspace module probing mechanism something like 'probe sha1 sha1_z990 sha1' in modprobe.conf - -> try module sha1_z990, if it fails to load load standard module sha1 + -> try module sha1_z990, if it fails to load standard module sha1 the 'probe' statement is currently not supported in modprobe.conf diff --git a/Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt b/Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt index efb674eda4d..62c082387ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/driver-model.txt @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ notify: This function is called by the common I/O layer for some state changes * In online state, device detached (CIO_GONE) or last path gone (CIO_NO_PATH). The driver must return !0 to keep the device; for return code 0, the device will be deleted as usual (also when no - notify function is registerd). If the driver wants to keep the + notify function is registered). If the driver wants to keep the device, it is moved into disconnected state. * In disconnected state, device operational again (CIO_OPER). The common I/O layer performs some sanity checks on device number and @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ attribute 'online' which can be 0 or 1. ----------- The netiucv driver creates an attribute 'connection' under -bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attibute creates a new netiucv +bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attribute creates a new netiucv connection to the specified host. Netiucv connections show up under devices/iucv/ as "netiucv<ifnum>". The interface diff --git a/Documentation/s390/monreader.txt b/Documentation/s390/monreader.txt index d843bb04906..beeaa4b2442 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/monreader.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/monreader.txt @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ This loads the module and sets the DCSS name to "MYDCSS". NOTE: ----- -This API provides no interface to control the *MONITOR service, e.g. specifiy +This API provides no interface to control the *MONITOR service, e.g. specify which data should be collected. This can be done by the CP command MONITOR (Class E privileged), see "CP Command and Utility Reference". diff --git a/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt b/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt index e321a8ed2a2..000230cd26d 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/s390dbf.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ where log records can be stored efficiently in memory, where each component (e.g. device drivers) can have one separate debug log. One purpose of this is to inspect the debug logs after a production system crash in order to analyze the reason for the crash. -If the system still runs but only a subcomponent which uses dbf failes, +If the system still runs but only a subcomponent which uses dbf fails, it is possible to look at the debug logs on a live system via the Linux debugfs filesystem. The debug feature may also very useful for kernel and driver development. @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Predefined views for hex/ascii, sprintf and raw binary data are provided. It is also possible to define other views. The content of a view can be inspected simply by reading the corresponding debugfs file. -All debug logs have an an actual debug level (range from 0 to 6). +All debug logs have an actual debug level (range from 0 to 6). The default level is 3. Event and Exception functions have a 'level' parameter. Only debug entries with a level that is lower or equal than the actual level are written to the log. This means, when @@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ Example: It is also possible to deactivate the debug feature globally for every debug log. You can change the behavior using 2 sysctl parameters in /proc/sys/s390dbf: -There are currently 2 possible triggers, which stop the debug feature -globally. The first possbility is to use the "debug_active" sysctl. If +There are currently 2 possible triggers, which stop the debug feature +globally. The first possibility is to use the "debug_active" sysctl. If set to 1 the debug feature is running. If "debug_active" is set to 0 the debug feature is turned off. The second trigger which stops the debug feature is an kernel oops. @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ The hex_ascii view shows the data field in hex and ascii representation The raw view returns a bytestream as the debug areas are stored in memory. The sprintf view formats the debug entries in the same way as the sprintf -function would do. The sprintf event/expection functions write to the +function would do. The sprintf event/exception functions write to the debug entry a pointer to the format string (size = sizeof(long)) and for each vararg a long value. So e.g. for a debug entry with a format string plus two varargs one would need to allocate a (3 * sizeof(long)) @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ The input_proc can be used to implement functionality when it is written to the view (e.g. like with 'echo "0" > /sys/kernel/debug/s390dbf/dasd/level). For header_proc there can be used the default function -debug_dflt_header_fn() which is defined in in debug.h. +debug_dflt_header_fn() which is defined in debug.h. and which produces the same header output as the predefined views. E.g: 00 00964419409:440761 2 - 00 88023ec diff --git a/Documentation/sched-coding.txt b/Documentation/sched-coding.txt index 2b75ef67c9f..cbd8db752ac 100644 --- a/Documentation/sched-coding.txt +++ b/Documentation/sched-coding.txt @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Main Scheduling Methods void load_balance(runqueue_t *this_rq, int idle) Attempts to pull tasks from one cpu to another to balance cpu usage, if needed. This method is called explicitly if the runqueues are - inbalanced or periodically by the timer tick. Prior to calling, + imbalanced or periodically by the timer tick. Prior to calling, the current runqueue must be locked and interrupts disabled. void schedule() diff --git a/Documentation/sched-design.txt b/Documentation/sched-design.txt index 9d04e7bbf45..1605bf0cba8 100644 --- a/Documentation/sched-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/sched-design.txt @@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ and the goal is also to add a few new things: Design ====== -the core of the new scheduler are the following mechanizms: +The core of the new scheduler contains the following mechanisms: - - *two*, priority-ordered 'priority arrays' per CPU. There is an 'active' + - *two* priority-ordered 'priority arrays' per CPU. There is an 'active' array and an 'expired' array. The active array contains all tasks that are affine to this CPU and have timeslices left. The expired array contains all tasks which have used up their timeslices - but this array diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.1992-1997 b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.1992-1997 index dc88ee2ab73..6faad7e6417 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.1992-1997 +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.1992-1997 @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ Thu Jul 21 10:37:39 1994 Eric Youngdale (eric@esp22) * sr.c(sr_open): Do not allow opens with write access. -Mon Jul 18 09:51:22 1994 1994 Eric Youngdale (eric@esp22) +Mon Jul 18 09:51:22 1994 Eric Youngdale (eric@esp22) * Linux 1.1.31 released. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt b/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt index 041780f428a..3229b64cf24 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/NinjaSCSI.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ SCSI device: I-O data CDPS-PX24 (CD-ROM drive) You can also use "cardctl" program (this program is in pcmcia-cs source code) to get more info. -# cat /var/log/messgaes +# cat /var/log/messages ... Jan 2 03:45:06 lindberg cardmgr[78]: unsupported card in socket 1 Jan 2 03:45:06 lindberg cardmgr[78]: product info: "WBT", "NinjaSCSI-3", "R1.0" @@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ Socket 1: product info: "IO DATA", "CBSC16 ", "1" -[2] Get Linux kernel source, and extract it to /usr/src. - Because NinjaSCSI driver requiers some SCSI header files in Linux kernel - source. - I recomend rebuilding your kernel. This eliminate some versioning problem. +[2] Get the Linux kernel source, and extract it to /usr/src. + Because the NinjaSCSI driver requires some SCSI header files in Linux + kernel source, I recommend rebuilding your kernel; this eliminates + some versioning problems. $ cd /usr/src $ tar -zxvf linux-x.x.x.tar.gz $ cd linux $ make config ... -[3] If you use this driver with Kernel 2.2, Unpack pcmcia-cs in some directory - and make & install. This driver requies pcmcia-cs header file. +[3] If you use this driver with Kernel 2.2, unpack pcmcia-cs in some directory + and make & install. This driver requires the pcmcia-cs header file. $ cd /usr/src $ tar zxvf cs-pcmcia-cs-3.x.x.tar.gz ... @@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ $ emacs Makefile ... $ make -[5] Copy nsp_cs.o to suitable plase, like /lib/modules/<Kernel version>/pcmcia/ . +[5] Copy nsp_cs.ko to suitable place, like /lib/modules/<Kernel version>/pcmcia/ . [6] Add these lines to /etc/pcmcia/config . - If you yse pcmcia-cs-3.1.8 or later, we can use "nsp_cs.conf" file. + If you use pcmcia-cs-3.1.8 or later, we can use "nsp_cs.conf" file. So, you don't need to edit file. Just copy to /etc/pcmcia/ . ------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt index ee03678c802..3367130e64f 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Introduction ------------------------- The aacraid driver adds support for Adaptec (http://www.adaptec.com) RAID controllers. This is a major rewrite from the original -Adaptec supplied driver. It has signficantly cleaned up both the code +Adaptec supplied driver. It has significantly cleaned up both the code and the running binary size (the module is less than half the size of the original). diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt index 382b439b439..904d49e90ef 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The following information is available in this file: an SDTR with an offset of 0 to be sure the target knows we are async. This works around a firmware defect in the Quantum Atlas 10K. - - Implement controller susupend and resume. + - Implement controller suspend and resume. - Clear PCI error state during driver attach so that we don't disable memory mapped I/O due to a stray write by some other driver probe that occurred before we @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ The following information is available in this file: - Add support for scsi_report_device_reset() found in 2.5.X kernels. - Add 7901B support. - - Simplify handling of the packtized lun Rev A workaround. + - Simplify handling of the packetized lun Rev A workaround. - Correct and simplify handling of the ignore wide residue message. The previous code would fail to report a residual if the transaction data length was even and we received diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt index 3481fcded4c..9b894f116d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ The following information is available in this file: 6.2.34 (May 5th, 2003) - Fix locking regression instroduced in 6.2.29 that - could cuase a lock order reversal between the io_request_lock + could cause a lock order reversal between the io_request_lock and our per-softc lock. This was only possible on RH9, SuSE, and kernel.org 2.4.X kernels. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx_old.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx_old.txt index 79e5ac6cb6f..c92f4473193 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx_old.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx_old.txt @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ linux-1.1.x and fairly stable since linux-1.2.x, and are also in FreeBSD The hardware RAID devices sold by Adaptec are *NOT* supported by this driver (and will people please stop emailing me about them, they are a totally separate beast from the bare SCSI controllers and this driver - can not be retrofitted in any sane manner to support the hardware RAID + cannot be retrofitted in any sane manner to support the hardware RAID features on those cards - Doug Ledford). @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ linux-1.1.x and fairly stable since linux-1.2.x, and are also in FreeBSD that instead of dumping the register contents on the card, this option dumps the contents of the sequencer program RAM. This gives the ability to verify that the instructions downloaded to the - card's sequencer are indeed what they are suppossed to be. Again, + card's sequencer are indeed what they are supposed to be. Again, unless you have documentation to tell you how to interpret these numbers, then it is totally useless. @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ linux-1.1.x and fairly stable since linux-1.2.x, and are also in FreeBSD initial DEVCONFIG values for each of your aic7xxx controllers as they are listed, and also record what the machine is detecting as the proper termination on your controllers. NOTE: the order in - which the initial DEVCONFIG values are printed out is not gauranteed + which the initial DEVCONFIG values are printed out is not guaranteed to be the same order as the SCSI controllers are registered. The above option and this option both work on the order of the SCSI controllers as they are registered, so make sure you match the right diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/dc395x.txt b/Documentation/scsi/dc395x.txt index ae3b79a2d27..88219f96633 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/dc395x.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/dc395x.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Parameters ---------- The driver uses the settings from the EEPROM set in the SCSI BIOS setup. If there is no EEPROM, the driver uses default values. -Both can be overriden by command line parameters (module or kernel +Both can be overridden by command line parameters (module or kernel parameters). The following parameters are available: diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/dpti.txt b/Documentation/scsi/dpti.txt index 6e45e70243e..f36dc0e7c8d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/dpti.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/dpti.txt @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ * Implemented suggestions from Alan Cox * Added calculation of resid for sg layer * Better error handling - * Added checking underflow condtions + * Added checking underflow conditions * Added DATAPROTECT checking * Changed error return codes * Fixed pointer bug in bus reset routine diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt index d16ce5b540f..35f6b8ed229 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ibmmca.txt @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ In a second step of the driver development, the following improvement has been applied: The first approach limited the number of devices to 7, far - fewer than the 15 that it could usem then it just maped ldn -> + fewer than the 15 that it could use, then it just mapped ldn -> (ldn/8,ldn%8) for pun,lun. We ended up with a real mishmash of puns and luns, but it all seemed to work. @@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ device to be existant, but it has no ldn assigned, it gets a ldn out of 7 to 14. The numbers are assigned in cyclic order. Therefore it takes 8 dynamical reassignments on the SCSI-devices, until a certain device - loses its ldn again. This assures, that dynamical remapping is avoided + loses its ldn again. This assures that dynamical remapping is avoided during intense I/O between up to 15 SCSI-devices (means pun,lun - combinations). A further advantage of this method is, that people who + combinations). A further advantage of this method is that people who build their kernel without probing on all luns will get what they expect, because the driver just won't assign everything with lun>0 when - multpile lun probing is inactive. + multiple lun probing is inactive. 2.4 SCSI-Device Order --------------------- @@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ 2.6 Abort & Reset Commands -------------------------- These are implemented with busy waiting for interrupt to arrive. - ibmmca_reset() and ibmmca_abort() do not work sufficently well - up to now and need still a lot of development work. But, this seems - to be even a problem with other SCSI-low level drivers, too. However, + ibmmca_reset() and ibmmca_abort() do not work sufficiently well + up to now and need still a lot of development work. This seems + to be a problem with other low-level SCSI drivers too, however this should be no excuse. 2.7 Disk Geometry @@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ not like sending commands to non-existing SCSI-devices and will react with a command error as a sign of protest. While this error is not present on IBM SCSI Adapter w/cache, it appears on IBM Integrated SCSI - Adapters. Therefore, I implemented a workarround to forgive those - adapters their protests, but it is marked up in the statisctis, so + Adapters. Therefore, I implemented a workaround to forgive those + adapters their protests, but it is marked up in the statistics, so after a successful boot, you can see in /proc/scsi/ibmmca/<host_number> how often the command errors have been forgiven to the SCSI-subsystem. If the number is bigger than 0, you have a SCSI subsystem of older @@ -778,15 +778,15 @@ not accept this, as they stick quite near to ANSI-SCSI and report a COMMAND_ERROR message which causes the driver to panic. The main problem was located around the INQUIRY command. Now, for all the - mentioned commands, the buffersize, sent to the adapter is at + mentioned commands, the buffersize sent to the adapter is at maximum 255 which seems to be a quite reasonable solution. - TEST_UNIT_READY gets a buffersize of 0 to make sure, that no + TEST_UNIT_READY gets a buffersize of 0 to make sure that no data is transferred in order to avoid any possible command failure. - 2) On unsuccessful TEST_UNIT_READY, the midlevel-driver has to send - a REQUEST_SENSE in order to see, where the problem is located. This + 2) On unsuccessful TEST_UNIT_READY, the mid-level driver has to send + a REQUEST_SENSE in order to see where the problem is located. This REQUEST_SENSE may have various length in its answer-buffer. IBM - SCSI-subsystems report a command failure, if the returned buffersize - is different from the sent buffersize, but this can be supressed by + SCSI-subsystems report a command failure if the returned buffersize + is different from the sent buffersize, but this can be suppressed by a special bit, which is now done and problems seem to be solved. 2) Code adaption to all kernel-releases. Now, the 3.2 code compiles on 2.0.x, 2.1.x, 2.2.x and 2.3.x kernel releases without any code-changes. @@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ Q: "Reset SCSI-devices at boottime" halts the system at boottime, why? A: This is only tested with the IBM SCSI Adapter w/cache. It is not - yet prooved to run on other adapters, however you may be lucky. + yet proven to run on other adapters, however you may be lucky. In version 3.1d this has been hugely improved and should work better, now. Normally you really won't need to activate this flag in the kernel configuration, as all post 1989 SCSI-devices should accept @@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ The parameter 'normal' sets the new industry standard, starting from pun 0, scanning up to pun 6. This allows you to change your opinion still after having already compiled the kernel. - Q: Why I cannot find the IBM MCA SCSI support in the config menue? + Q: Why can't I find IBM MCA SCSI support in the config menu? A: You have to activate MCA bus support, first. Q: Where can I find the latest info about this driver? A: See the file MAINTAINERS for the current WWW-address, which offers @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ Guide) what has to be done for reset, we still share the bad shape of the reset functions with all other low level SCSI-drivers. Astonishingly, reset works in most cases quite ok, but the harddisks - won't run in synchonous mode anymore after a reset, until you reboot. + won't run in synchronous mode anymore after a reset, until you reboot. Q: Why does my XXX w/Cache adapter not use read-prefetch? A: Ok, that is not completely possible. If a cache is present, the adapter tries to use it internally. Explicitly, one can use the cache diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/megaraid.txt b/Documentation/scsi/megaraid.txt index ff864c0f494..3c7cea51e68 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/megaraid.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/megaraid.txt @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Overview: -------- -Different classes of controllers from LSI Logic, accept and respond to the +Different classes of controllers from LSI Logic accept and respond to the user applications in a similar way. They understand the same firmware control commands. Furthermore, the applications also can treat different classes of the controllers uniformly. Hence it is logical to have a single module that -interefaces with the applications on one side and all the low level drivers +interfaces with the applications on one side and all the low level drivers on the other. The advantages, though obvious, are listed for completeness: diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt index 822d2aca370..58ad8db333d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ncr53c8xx.txt @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Written by Gerard Roudier <groudier@free.fr> 15. SCSI problem troubleshooting 15.1 Problem tracking 15.2 Understanding hardware error reports -16. Synchonous transfer negotiation tables +16. Synchronous transfer negotiation tables 16.1 Synchronous timings for 53C875 and 53C860 Ultra-SCSI controllers 16.2 Synchronous timings for fast SCSI-2 53C8XX controllers 17. Serial NVRAM support (by Richard Waltham) @@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ The original driver has been written for 386bsd and FreeBSD by: It is now available as a bundle of 2 drivers: - ncr53c8xx generic driver that supports all the SYM53C8XX family including - the ealiest 810 rev. 1, the latest 896 (2 channel LVD SCSI controller) and + the earliest 810 rev. 1, the latest 896 (2 channel LVD SCSI controller) and the new 895A (1 channel LVD SCSI controller). - sym53c8xx enhanced driver (a.k.a. 896 drivers) that drops support of oldest - chips in order to gain advantage of new features, as LOAD/STORE intructions + chips in order to gain advantage of new features, as LOAD/STORE instructions available since the 810A and hardware phase mismatch available with the 896 and the 895A. @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ The 896 and the 895A allows handling of the phase mismatch context from SCRIPTS (avoids the phase mismatch interrupt that stops the SCSI processor until the C code has saved the context of the transfer). Implementing this without using LOAD/STORE instructions would be painfull -and I did'nt even want to try it. +and I didn't even want to try it. The 896 chip supports 64 bit PCI transactions and addressing, while the 895A supports 32 bit PCI transactions and 64 bit addressing. @@ -631,8 +631,8 @@ string variable using 'insmod'. A boot setup command for the ncr53c8xx (sym53c8xx) driver begins with the driver name "ncr53c8xx="(sym53c8xx). The kernel syntax parser then expects -an optionnal list of integers separated with comma followed by an optional -list of comma-separated strings. Example of boot setup command under lilo +an optional list of integers separated with comma followed by an optional +list of comma-separated strings. Example of boot setup command under lilo prompt: lilo: linux root=/dev/hda2 ncr53c8xx=tags:4,sync:10,debug:0x200 @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ port address 0x1400. Some scsi boards use a 875 (ultra wide) and only supply narrow connectors. If you have connected a wide device with a 50 pins to 68 pins cable converter, any accepted wide negotiation will break further data transfers. - In such a case, using "wide:0" in the bootup command will be helpfull. + In such a case, using "wide:0" in the bootup command will be helpful. 10.2.14 Differential mode diff:0 never set up diff mode @@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ boot setup can be: ncr53c8xx=safe:y,mpar:y ncr53c8xx=safe:y -My personnal system works flawlessly with the following equivalent setup: +My personal system works flawlessly with the following equivalent setup: ncr53c8xx=mpar:y,spar:y,disc:y,specf:1,fsn:n,ultra:2,fsn:n,revprob:n,verb:1\ tags:32,sync:12,debug:0,burst:7,led:1,wide:1,settle:2,diff:0,irqm:0 @@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ Driver files: New driver versions are made available separately in order to allow testing changes and new features prior to including them into the linux kernel -distribution. The following URL provides informations on latest avalaible +distribution. The following URL provides information on latest available patches: ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/people/gerard-roudier/README @@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ SCSI standards, chip cores functionnals and internal driver data structures. You are not required to decode and understand them, unless you want to help maintain the driver code. -16. Synchonous transfer negotiation tables +16. Synchronous transfer negotiation tables Tables below have been created by calling the routine the driver uses for synchronisation negotiation timing calculation and chip setting. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt b/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt index ce574e7791a..f536907e241 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/osst.txt @@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ Compile your kernel and install the modules. Now, your osst driver is inside the kernel or available as a module, depending on your choice during kernel config. You may still need to create -the device nodes by calling the Makedevs.sh script (see below) manually, -unless you use a devfs kernel, where this won't be needed. +the device nodes by calling the Makedevs.sh script (see below) manually. To load your module, you may use the command modprobe osst diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt b/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt index 5d9223bc1bd..067ac394e0b 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ppa.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ General Iomega ZIP drive page for Linux: http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ -Driver achive for old drivers: +Driver archive for old drivers: http://www.torque.net/~campbell/ppa/ Linux Parport page (parallel port) diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-changer.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-changer.txt index c132687b017..d74bbd29eb3 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-changer.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-changer.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ changers. But it allows to handle nearly all possible cases. It knows media transport - this one shuffles around the media, i.e. the transport arm. Also known as "picker". storage - a slot which can hold a media. - import/export - the same as above, but is accessable from outside, + import/export - the same as above, but is accessible from outside, i.e. there the operator (you !) can use this to fill in and remove media from the changer. Sometimes named "mailslot". diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt index ce767b90bb0..b964eef2f62 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ways. - Fine-grained EH callbacks LLDD can implement fine-grained EH callbacks and let SCSI midlayer drive error handling and call appropriate callbacks. - This will be dicussed further in [2-1]. + This will be discussed further in [2-1]. - eh_strategy_handler() callback This is one big callback which should perform whole error @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ lower layers and lower layers are ready to process or fail the scmd again. To achieve these goals, EH performs recovery actions with increasing -severity. Some actions are performed by issueing SCSI commands and +severity. Some actions are performed by issuing SCSI commands and others are performed by invoking one of the following fine-grained hostt EH callbacks. Callbacks may be omitted and omitted ones are considered to fail always. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/st.txt b/Documentation/scsi/st.txt index 20e30cf3187..5ff65b18426 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/st.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/st.txt @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ BOOT TIME CONFIGURATION If the driver is compiled into the kernel, the same parameters can be also set using, e.g., the LILO command line. The preferred syntax is -is to use the same keyword used when loading as module but prepended +to use the same keyword used when loading as module but prepended with 'st.'. For instance, to set the maximum number of scatter/gather segments, the parameter 'st.max_sg_segs=xx' should be used (xx is the number of scatter/gather segments). @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ MTSETDRVBUFFER the device dependent address. It is recommended to set this flag unless there are tapes using the device dependent (from the old times) (global) - MT_ST_SYSV sets the SYSV sematics (mode) + MT_ST_SYSV sets the SYSV semantics (mode) MT_ST_NOWAIT enables immediate mode (i.e., don't wait for the command to finish) for some commands (e.g., rewind) MT_ST_DEBUGGING debugging (global; debugging must be diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt b/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt index 7f516cdcd26..26c8a08ca3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/sym53c8xx_2.txt @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ under Linux is contained in 2 files named sym_glue.h and sym_glue.c. Other drivers files are intended not to depend on the Operating System on which the driver is used. -The history of this driver can be summerized as follows: +The history of this driver can be summarized as follows: 1993: ncr driver written for 386bsd and FreeBSD by: Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@cologne.de> @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ Field H : SCNTL3 Scsi Control Register 3 Contains the setting of timing values for both asynchronous and synchronous data transfers. Field I : SCNTL4 Scsi Control Register 4 - Only meaninful for 53C1010 Ultra3 controllers. + Only meaningful for 53C1010 Ultra3 controllers. Understanding Fields J, K, L and dumps requires to have good knowledge of SCSI standards, chip cores functionnals and internal driver data structures. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/tmscsim.txt b/Documentation/scsi/tmscsim.txt index df7a02bfb5b..8b2168aa4fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/tmscsim.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/tmscsim.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Tekram DC390(T) adapter. This is where the name comes from: tm = Tekram scsi = SCSI driver, m = AMD (?) as opposed to w for the DC390W/U/F (NCR53c8X5, X=2/7) driver. Yes, there was also a driver for the latter, tmscsiw, which supported DC390W/U/F adapters. It's not maintained any more, -as the ncr53c8xx is perfectly supporting these adpaters since some time. +as the ncr53c8xx is perfectly supporting these adapters since some time. The driver first appeared in April 1996, exclusively supported the DC390 and has been enhanced since then in various steps. In May 1998 support for @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ Please see http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/dc390/problems.html replaced by the dev index of your scanner). You may try to reset your SCSI bus afterwards (echo "RESET" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/?). The problem seems to be solved as of 2.0d18, thanks to Andreas Rick. -* If there is a valid partition table, the driver will use it for determing +* If there is a valid partition table, the driver will use it for determining the mapping. If there's none, a reasonable mapping (Symbios-like) will be assumed. Other operating systems may not like this mapping, though it's consistent with the BIOS' behaviour. Old DC390 drivers ignored the diff --git a/Documentation/sh/kgdb.txt b/Documentation/sh/kgdb.txt index 5b04f7f306f..05b4ba89d28 100644 --- a/Documentation/sh/kgdb.txt +++ b/Documentation/sh/kgdb.txt @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ might specify the halt option: kgdb=halt -Boot the TARGET machinem, which will appear to hang. +Boot the TARGET machine, which will appear to hang. On your DEVELOPMENT machine, cd to the source directory and run the gdb program. (This is likely to be a cross GDB which runs on your host but diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index e6b57dd46a4..138673a907f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -57,11 +57,6 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. - Default: 1 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option together with snd-card-X aliases. - device_mode - - permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem - - This is available only when DEVFS is enabled - - Default: 0666 - - E.g.: device_mode=0660 Module snd-pcm-oss @@ -1268,8 +1263,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization. - In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via - buffer_top option. + In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via + the buffer_top option. For example, Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800 Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800 @@ -1887,7 +1882,7 @@ options snd-ens1371 index=1 # OSS/Free portion alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371 ------ /etc/moprobe.conf +----- /etc/modprobe.conf In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1). @@ -1915,21 +1910,6 @@ Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module options of snd-pcm-oss module. -DEVFS support -============= - -The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension. -You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file: - -LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd -REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660 -REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660 - -Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system. - Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for - example). - - Proc interfaces (/proc/asound) ============================== diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt index b535c2a198f..e40cce83327 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Here is a list of supported device_setup values for this device: - Alsa driver default mode - maintains backward compatibility with setups that do not use this parameter by not introducing any change - - results sometimes in corrupted sound as decribed earlier + - results sometimes in corrupted sound as described earlier * device_setup=0x01 - 16bits 48kHz mode with Di disabled - Ai,Ao,Do can be used at the same time diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/CMIPCI.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/CMIPCI.txt index 1872e24442a..4b2b1538705 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/CMIPCI.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/CMIPCI.txt @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ As default, ALSA driver assigns the first PCM device (i.e. hw:0,0 for card#0) for front and 4/6ch playbacks, while the second PCM device (hw:0,1) is assigned to the second DAC for rear playback. -There are slight difference between two DACs. +There are slight differences between the two DACs: - The first DAC supports U8 and S16LE formats, while the second DAC supports only S16LE. -- The seconde DAC supports only two channel stereo. +- The second DAC supports only two channel stereo. Please note that the CM8x38 DAC doesn't support continuous playback rate but only fixed rates: 5512, 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ in alsa-lib. For example, you can play a WAV file with 6 channels like % aplay -Dsurround51 sixchannels.wav -For programmin the 4/6 channel playback, you need to specify the PCM +For programming the 4/6 channel playback, you need to specify the PCM channels as you like and set the format S16LE. For example, for playback with 4 channels, diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl index 4807ef79a94..077fbe25ebf 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl @@ -5486,7 +5486,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <chapter id="power-management"> <title>Power Management</title> <para> - If the chip is supposed to work with with suspend/resume + If the chip is supposed to work with suspend/resume functions, you need to add the power-management codes to the driver. The additional codes for the power-management should be <function>ifdef</function>'ed with diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/MIXART.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/MIXART.txt index 5cb97061287..ef42c44fa1f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/MIXART.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/MIXART.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ With a miXart8AES/EBU there is in addition 1 stereo digital input Formats ------- U8, S16_LE, S16_BE, S24_3LE, S24_3BE, FLOAT_LE, FLOAT_BE -Sample rates : 8000 - 48000 Hz continously +Sample rates : 8000 - 48000 Hz continuously Playback -------- @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ For instance the playback devices are configured to have max. 4 substreams performing hardware mixing. This could be changed to a maximum of 24 substreams if wished. Mono files will be played on the left and right channel. Each channel -can be muted for each stream to use 8 analog/digital outputs seperately. +can be muted for each stream to use 8 analog/digital outputs separately. Capture ------- @@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ COPYRIGHT ========= Copyright (c) 2003 Digigram SA <alsa@digigram.com> -Distributalbe under GPL. +Distributable under GPL. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt index 1fe48846d78..f738b296440 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Procfile.txt @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ The status of MIDI I/O is found in midi* files. It shows the device name and the received/transmitted bytes through the MIDI device. When the card is equipped with AC97 codecs, there are codec97#* -subdirectories (desribed later). +subdirectories (described later). When the OSS mixer emulation is enabled (and the module is loaded), oss_mixer file appears here, too. This shows the current mapping of @@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ seq/drivers Lists the currently available ALSA sequencer drivers. seq/clients - Shows the list of currently available sequencer clinets and + Shows the list of currently available sequencer clients and ports. The connection status and the running status are shown in this file, too. seq/queues - Lists the currently allocated/running sequener queues. + Lists the currently allocated/running sequencer queues. seq/timer Lists the currently allocated/running sequencer timers. @@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ When the problem is related with PCM, first try to turn on xrun_debug mode. This will give you the kernel messages when and where xrun happened. -If it's really a bug, report it with the following information +If it's really a bug, report it with the following information: - the name of the driver/card, show in /proc/asound/cards - - the reigster dump, if available (e.g. card*/cmipci) + - the register dump, if available (e.g. card*/cmipci) when it's a PCM problem, diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/AWE32 b/Documentation/sound/oss/AWE32 index cb179bfeb52..b5908a66ff5 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/AWE32 +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/AWE32 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SB32. install awe_wave /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i awe_wave && /usr/local/bin/sfxload PATH_TO_SOUND_BANK_FILE You will of course have to change "PATH_TO_SOUND_BANK_FILE" to the full - path of of the sound bank file. That will enable the Sound Blaster and AWE + path of the sound bank file. That will enable the Sound Blaster and AWE wave synthesis. To play midi files you should get one of these programs if you don't already have them: diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/solo1 b/Documentation/sound/oss/solo1 index 6f53d407d02..95c4c83422b 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/solo1 +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/solo1 @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ is at least one report of it working on later silicon. The chip behaves differently than described in the data sheet, likely due to a chip bug. Working around this would require the help of ESS (for example by publishing an errata sheet), -but ESS has not done so so far. +but ESS has not done so far. Also, the chip only supports 24 bit addresses for recording, which means it cannot work on some Alpha mainboards. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound b/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound index 32cd50478b3..eed331c738a 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ db16 ??? no_wave_dma option This option defaults to a value of 0, which allows the Ultrasound wavetable -DSP to use DMA for for playback and downloading samples. This is the same +DSP to use DMA for playback and downloading samples. This is the same as the old behaviour. If set to 1, no DMA is needed for downloading samples, and allows owners of a GUS MAX to make use of simultaneous digital audio (/dev/dsp), MIDI, and wavetable playback. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/vwsnd b/Documentation/sound/oss/vwsnd index a6ea0a1df9e..4c6cbdb3c54 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/vwsnd +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/vwsnd @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ boxes. The Visual Workstation has an Analog Devices AD1843 "SoundComm" audio codec chip. The AD1843 is accessed through the Cobalt I/O ASIC, also -known as Lithium. This driver programs both both chips. +known as Lithium. This driver programs both chips. ============================================================================== QUICK CONFIGURATION diff --git a/Documentation/sparc/sbus_drivers.txt b/Documentation/sparc/sbus_drivers.txt index 4b9351624f1..8418d35484f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sparc/sbus_drivers.txt +++ b/Documentation/sparc/sbus_drivers.txt @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ the bits necessary to run your device. The most commonly used members of this structure, and their typical usage, will be detailed below. - Here is a piece of skeleton code for perofming a device -probe in an SBUS driverunder Linux: + Here is a piece of skeleton code for performing a device +probe in an SBUS driver under Linux: static int __devinit mydevice_probe_one(struct sbus_dev *sdev) { @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ in your .remove method. Any memory allocated, registers mapped, IRQs registered, etc. must be undone by your .remove method so that all resources -of your device are relased by the time it returns. +of your device are released by the time it returns. You should _NOT_ use the for_each_sbus(), for_each_sbusdev(), and for_all_sbusdev() interfaces. They are deprecated, will be diff --git a/Documentation/spi/pxa2xx b/Documentation/spi/pxa2xx index 9c45f3df2e1..a1e0ee20f59 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/pxa2xx +++ b/Documentation/spi/pxa2xx @@ -124,12 +124,12 @@ use a value of 8. The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout_microsecs" fields is used to efficiently handle trailing bytes in the SSP receiver fifo. The correct value for this field is dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific -slave device. Please note the the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte +slave device. Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes. The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting into internal loopback mode. In this mode the SSP controller internally -connects the SSPTX pin the the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup +connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup testing. The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ DMA and PIO I/O Support ----------------------- The pxa2xx_spi driver support both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message transfers. The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must enabled by -setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure and and +setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure and ensuring that the "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is non-zero. The DMA mode support both coherent and stream based DMA mappings. diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary index 068732d3227..72795796b13 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary +++ b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ NON-STATIC CONFIGURATIONS Developer boards often play by different rules than product boards, and one example is the potential need to hotplug SPI devices and/or controllers. -For those cases you might need to use use spi_busnum_to_master() to look +For those cases you might need to use spi_busnum_to_master() to look up the spi bus master, and will likely need spi_new_device() to provide the board info based on the board that was hotplugged. Of course, you'd later call at least spi_unregister_device() when that board is removed. @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ As soon as it enters probe(), the driver may issue I/O requests to the SPI device using "struct spi_message". When remove() returns, the driver guarantees that it won't submit any more such messages. - - An spi_message is a sequence of of protocol operations, executed + - An spi_message is a sequence of protocol operations, executed as one atomic sequence. SPI driver controls include: + when bidirectional reads and writes start ... by how its diff --git a/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt b/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt index e409e5d0748..02a481225b0 100644 --- a/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt +++ b/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Rules on what kind of patches are accepted, and which ones are not, into the "-stable" tree: - It must be obviously correct and tested. - - It can not be bigger than 100 lines, with context. + - It cannot be bigger than 100 lines, with context. - It must fix only one thing. - It must fix a real bug that bothers people (not a, "This could be a problem..." type thing). @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Rules on what kind of patches are accepted, and which ones are not, into the critical. - No "theoretical race condition" issues, unless an explanation of how the race can be exploited is also provided. - - It can not contain any "trivial" fixes in it (spelling changes, + - It cannot contain any "trivial" fixes in it (spelling changes, whitespace cleanups, etc). - It must be accepted by the relevant subsystem maintainer. - It must follow the Documentation/SubmittingPatches rules. diff --git a/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt index 544430e3998..b60590eca18 100644 --- a/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ 13. What to do when UML doesn't work 13.1 Strange compilation errors when you build from source - 13.2 UML hangs on boot after mounting devfs + 13.2 (obsolete) 13.3 A variety of panics and hangs with /tmp on a reiserfs filesystem 13.4 The compile fails with errors about conflicting types for 'open', 'dup', and 'waitpid' 13.5 UML doesn't work when /tmp is an NFS filesystem @@ -379,31 +379,6 @@ bug fixes and enhancements that have gone into subsequent releases. - If you build your own kernel, and want to boot it from one of the - filesystems distributed from this site, then, in nearly all cases, - devfs must be compiled into the kernel and mounted at boot time. The - exception is the SuSE filesystem. For this, devfs must either not be - in the kernel at all, or "devfs=nomount" must be on the kernel command - line. Any disagreement between the kernel and the filesystem being - booted about whether devfs is being used will result in the boot - getting no further than single-user mode. - - - If you don't want to use devfs, you can remove the need for it from a - filesystem by copying /dev from someplace, making a bunch of /dev/ubd - devices: - - - UML# for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do mknod ubd$i b 98 $i; done - - - - - and changing /etc/fstab and /etc/inittab to refer to the non-devfs - devices. - - - 22..22.. CCoommppiilliinngg aanndd iinnssttaalllliinngg kkeerrnneell mmoodduulleess UML modules are built in the same way as the native kernel (with the @@ -839,9 +814,7 @@ +o None - device=none - This causes the device to disappear. If you are using devfs, the - device will not appear in /dev. If not, then attempts to open it - will return -ENODEV. + This causes the device to disappear. @@ -1047,7 +1020,7 @@ Note that the IP address you assign to the host end of the tap device must be different than the IP you assign to the eth device inside UML. - If you are short on IPs and don't want to comsume two per UML, then + If you are short on IPs and don't want to consume two per UML, then you can reuse the host's eth IP address for the host ends of the tap devices. Internally, the UMLs must still get unique IPs for their eth devices. You can also give the UMLs non-routable IPs (192.168.x.x or @@ -2058,7 +2031,7 @@ there are multiple COWs associated with a backing file, a -d merge of one of them will invalidate all of the others. However, it is convenient if you're short of disk space, and it should also be - noticably faster than a non-destructive merge. + noticeably faster than a non-destructive merge. @@ -3898,29 +3871,6 @@ - 1133..22.. UUMMLL hhaannggss oonn bboooott aafftteerr mmoouunnttiinngg ddeevvffss - - The boot looks like this: - - - VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly. - Mounted devfs on /dev - - - - - You're probably running a recent distribution on an old machine. I - saw this with the RH7.1 filesystem running on a Pentium. The shared - library loader, ld.so, was executing an instruction (cmove) which the - Pentium didn't support. That instruction was apparently added later. - If you run UML under the debugger, you'll see the hang caused by one - instruction causing an infinite SIGILL stream. - - - The fix is to boot UML on an older filesystem. - - - 1133..33.. AA vvaarriieettyy ooff ppaanniiccss aanndd hhaannggss wwiitthh //ttmmpp oonn aa rreeiisseerrffss ffiilleessyyss-- tteemm @@ -3953,9 +3903,9 @@ 1133..55.. UUMMLL ddooeessnn''tt wwoorrkk wwhheenn //ttmmpp iiss aann NNFFSS ffiilleessyysstteemm - This seems to be a similar situation with the resierfs problem above. + This seems to be a similar situation with the ReiserFS problem above. Some versions of NFS seems not to handle mmap correctly, which UML - depends on. The workaround is have /tmp be non-NFS directory. + depends on. The workaround is have /tmp be a non-NFS directory. 1133..66.. UUMMLL hhaannggss oonn bboooott wwhheenn ccoommppiilleedd wwiitthh ggpprrooff ssuuppppoorrtt @@ -4022,7 +3972,7 @@ nneett If you can connect to the host, and the host can connect to UML, but - you can not connect to any other machines, then you may need to enable + you cannot connect to any other machines, then you may need to enable IP Masquerading on the host. Usually this is only experienced when using private IP addresses (192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x) for host/UML networking, rather than the public address space that your host is @@ -4671,7 +4621,7 @@ Chris Reahard built a specialized root filesystem for running a DNS server jailed inside UML. It's available from the download <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html> page in the Jail - Filesysems section. + Filesystems section. diff --git a/Documentation/unshare.txt b/Documentation/unshare.txt index 90a5e9e5bef..a8643513a5f 100644 --- a/Documentation/unshare.txt +++ b/Documentation/unshare.txt @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ items: a pointer to it. 7.4) Appropriately modify architecture specific code to register the - the new system call. + new system call. 8) Test Specification --------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/usb/URB.txt b/Documentation/usb/URB.txt index a49e5f2c2b4..8ffce746d49 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/URB.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/URB.txt @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ you can pass information to the completion handler. Note that even when an error (or unlink) is reported, data may have been transferred. That's because USB transfers are packetized; it might take sixteen packets to transfer your 1KByte buffer, and ten of them might -have transferred succesfully before the completion was called. +have transferred successfully before the completion was called. NOTE: ***** WARNING ***** diff --git a/Documentation/usb/acm.txt b/Documentation/usb/acm.txt index 8ef45ea8f69..737d6104c3f 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/acm.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/acm.txt @@ -49,20 +49,6 @@ Abstract Control Model (USB CDC ACM) specification. Unfortunately many modems and most ISDN TAs use proprietary interfaces and thus won't work with this drivers. Check for ACM compliance before buying. - The driver (with devfs) creates these devices in /dev/usb/acm: - - crw-r--r-- 1 root root 166, 0 Apr 1 10:49 0 - crw-r--r-- 1 root root 166, 1 Apr 1 10:49 1 - crw-r--r-- 1 root root 166, 2 Apr 1 10:49 2 - - And so on, up to 31, with the limit being possible to change in acm.c to up -to 256, so you can use up to 256 USB modems with one computer (you'll need -three USB cards for that, though). - - If you don't use devfs, then you can create device nodes with the same -minor/major numbers anywhere you want, but either the above location or -/dev/usb/ttyACM0 is preferred. - To use the modems you need these modules loaded: usbcore.ko diff --git a/Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt b/Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt index 39c68f8c4e6..9cf83e8c27b 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/error-codes.txt @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ one or more packets could finish before an error stops further endpoint I/O. urb->transfer_flags. -ENODEV Device was removed. Often preceded by a burst of - other errors, since the hub driver does't detect + other errors, since the hub driver doesn't detect device removal events immediately. -EXDEV ISO transfer only partially completed @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ one or more packets could finish before an error stops further endpoint I/O. hardware problems such as bad devices (including firmware) or cables. (**) This is also one of several codes that different kinds of host -controller use to to indicate a transfer has failed because of device +controller use to indicate a transfer has failed because of device disconnect. In the interval before the hub driver starts disconnect processing, devices may receive such fault reports for every request. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/hiddev.txt b/Documentation/usb/hiddev.txt index cd6fb4b58e1..6a790754e96 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/hiddev.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/hiddev.txt @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ index, the ioctl returns -1 and sets errno to -EINVAL. HIDIOCGDEVINFO - struct hiddev_devinfo (read) Gets a hiddev_devinfo structure which describes the device. -HIDIOCGSTRING - struct struct hiddev_string_descriptor (read/write) +HIDIOCGSTRING - struct hiddev_string_descriptor (read/write) Gets a string descriptor from the device. The caller must fill in the "index" field to indicate which descriptor should be returned. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt b/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt index cd806bfc8b8..e43cfffaa10 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/mtouchusb.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ CHANGES Changed reset from standard USB dev reset to vendor reset Changed data sent to host from compensated to raw coordinates Eliminated vendor/product module params - Performed multiple successfull tests with an EXII-5010UC + Performed multiple successful tests with an EXII-5010UC SUPPORTED HARDWARE: @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ This driver appears to be one of possible 2 Linux USB Input Touchscreen drivers. Although 3M produces a binary only driver available for download, I persist in updating this driver since I would like to use the touchscreen for embedded apps using QTEmbedded, DirectFB, etc. So I feel the -logical choice is to use Linux Imput. +logical choice is to use Linux Input. Currently there is no way to calibrate the device via this driver. Even if the device could be calibrated, the driver pulls to raw coordinate data from @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ TODO: Implement a control urb again to handle requests to and from the device such as calibration, etc once/if it becomes available. -DISCLAMER: +DISCLAIMER: I am not a MicroTouch/3M employee, nor have I ever been. 3M does not support this driver! If you want touch drivers only supported within X, please go to: diff --git a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt index a2dee6e6190..8dc2bacc8f1 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/usb-serial.txt @@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ CONFIGURATION Currently the driver can handle up to 256 different serial interfaces at one time. - If you are not using devfs: The major number that the driver uses is 188 so to use the driver, create the following nodes: mknod /dev/ttyUSB0 c 188 0 @@ -26,10 +25,6 @@ CONFIGURATION mknod /dev/ttyUSB254 c 188 254 mknod /dev/ttyUSB255 c 188 255 - If you are using devfs: - The devices supported by this driver will show up as - /dev/usb/tts/{0,1,...} - When the device is connected and recognized by the driver, the driver will print to the system log, which node(s) the device has been bound to. @@ -228,7 +223,7 @@ Cypress M8 CY4601 Family Serial Driver -Cypress HID->COM RS232 adapter Note: Cypress Semiconductor claims no affiliation with the - the hid->com device. + hid->com device. Most devices using chipsets under the CY4601 family should work with the driver. As long as they stay true to the CY4601 @@ -277,7 +272,7 @@ Digi AccelePort Driver work under SMP with the uhci driver. The driver is generally working, though we still have a few more ioctls - to implement and final testing and debugging to do. The paralled port + to implement and final testing and debugging to do. The parallel port on the USB 2 is supported as a serial to parallel converter; in other words, it appears as another USB serial port on Linux, even though physically it is really a parallel port. The Digi Acceleport USB 8 @@ -427,7 +422,7 @@ Options supported: debug - extra verbose debugging info (default: 0; nonzero enables) use_lowlatency - use low_latency flag to speed up tty layer - when reading from from the device. + when reading from the device. (default: 0; nonzero enables) See http://www.uuhaus.de/linux/palmconnect.html for up-to-date diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/README.pvrusb2 b/Documentation/video4linux/README.pvrusb2 index c73a32c3452..a4b7ae80086 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/README.pvrusb2 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/README.pvrusb2 @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Source file list / functional overview: pvrusb2-i2c-core.[ch] - This module provides an implementation of a kernel-friendly I2C adaptor driver, through which other external I2C client drivers (e.g. msp3400, tuner, lirc) may connect and - operate corresponding chips within the the pvrusb2 device. It is + operate corresponding chips within the pvrusb2 device. It is through here that other V4L modules can reach into this driver to operate specific pieces (and those modules are in turn driven by glue logic which is coordinated by pvrusb2-hdw, doled out by diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran b/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran index 040a2c841ae..deb218f77ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/Zoran @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ tv broadcast formats all aver the world. The CCIR defines parameters needed for broadcasting the signal. The CCIR has defined different standards: A,B,D,E,F,G,D,H,I,K,K1,L,M,N,... -The CCIR says not much about about the colorsystem used !!! +The CCIR says not much about the colorsystem used !!! And talking about a colorsystem says not to much about how it is broadcast. The CCIR standards A,E,F are not used any more. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-decoder-api.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-decoder-api.txt index 9df4fb3ea0f..78bf5f21e51 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-decoder-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-decoder-api.txt @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Param[0] Name CX2341X_DEC_GET_XFER_INFO Enum 9/0x09 Description - This API call may be used to detect an end of stream condtion. + This API call may be used to detect an end of stream condition. Result[0] Stream type Result[1] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-encoder-api.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-encoder-api.txt index 001c68644b0..15df0df57dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-encoder-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-encoder-api.txt @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Param[0] Param[1] Unknown, but leaving this to 0 seems to work best. Indications are that this might have to do with USB support, although passing anything but 0 - onl breaks things. + only breaks things. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-osd-api.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-osd-api.txt index da98ae30a37..0a602f3e601 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-osd-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/fw-osd-api.txt @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Result[0] Result[1] top left vertical offset Result[2] - bottom right hotizontal offset + bottom right horizontal offset Result[3] bottom right vertical offset diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt index 93fec32a118..faccee68f60 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/cx88/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ provide for a handler) GP_SAMPLE register is at 0x35C058 Bits are then right shifted into the GP_SAMPLE register at the specified -rate; you get an interrupt when a full DWORD is recieved. +rate; you get an interrupt when a full DWORD is received. You need to recover the actual RC5 bits out of the (oversampled) IR sensor bits. (Hint: look for the 0/1and 1/0 crossings of the RC5 bi-phase data) An actual raw RC5 code will span 2-3 DWORDS, depending on the actual alignment. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/et61x251.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/et61x251.txt index cd584f20a99..1bdee8f85b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/et61x251.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/et61x251.txt @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Some of the features of the driver are: high compression quality (see also "Notes for V4L2 application developers" paragraph); - full support for the capabilities of every possible image sensors that can - be connected to the ET61X[12]51 bridges, including, for istance, red, green, + be connected to the ET61X[12]51 bridges, including, for instance, red, green, blue and global gain adjustments and exposure control (see "Supported devices" paragraph for details); - use of default color settings for sunlight conditions; @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ identifier - of the camera registered as "/dev/video0": [root@localhost #] echo 1 > i2c_reg [root@localhost #] cat i2c_val -Note that if the sensor registers can not be read, "cat" will fail. +Note that if the sensor registers cannot be read, "cat" will fail. To avoid race conditions, all the I/O accesses to the files are serialized. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt index 93fec32a118..faccee68f60 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/hauppauge-wintv-cx88-ir.txt @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ provide for a handler) GP_SAMPLE register is at 0x35C058 Bits are then right shifted into the GP_SAMPLE register at the specified -rate; you get an interrupt when a full DWORD is recieved. +rate; you get an interrupt when a full DWORD is received. You need to recover the actual RC5 bits out of the (oversampled) IR sensor bits. (Hint: look for the 0/1and 1/0 crossings of the RC5 bi-phase data) An actual raw RC5 code will span 2-3 DWORDS, depending on the actual alignment. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt index 2137da97552..ecb34160e61 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ driver (PCI vendor/device is 0x136b/0xff01) The third one, present in recent (more or less last year) Picturebooks (C1M* models), is not supported. The manufacturer has given the specs -to the developers under a NDA (which allows the develoment of a GPL +to the developers under a NDA (which allows the development of a GPL driver however), but things are not moving very fast (see http://r-engine.sourceforge.net/) (PCI vendor/device is 0x10cf/0x2011). diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt index 1d20895b435..8cda472db36 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/sn9c102.txt @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ It's worth to note that SONiX has never collaborated with the author during the development of this project, despite several requests for enough detailed specifications of the register tables, compression engine and video data format of the above chips. Nevertheless, these informations are no longer necessary, -becouse all the aspects related to these chips are known and have been +because all the aspects related to these chips are known and have been described in detail in this documentation. The driver relies on the Video4Linux2 and USB core modules. It has been @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Some of the features of the driver are: high compression quality (see also "Notes for V4L2 application developers" and "Video frame formats" paragraphs); - full support for the capabilities of many of the possible image sensors that - can be connected to the SN9C10x bridges, including, for istance, red, green, + can be connected to the SN9C10x bridges, including, for instance, red, green, blue and global gain adjustments and exposure (see "Supported devices" paragraph for details); - use of default color settings for sunlight conditions; diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/w9968cf.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/w9968cf.txt index 0d53ce774b0..e0bba8393c7 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/w9968cf.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/w9968cf.txt @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Index 5. Supported devices 6. Module dependencies 7. Module loading -8. Module paramaters +8. Module parameters 9. Contact information 10. Credits diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/zr36120.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/zr36120.txt index ac6d92d0194..1a1c2d03a5c 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/zr36120.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/zr36120.txt @@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ card is not there, please try if any other card gives some response, and mail me if you got a working tvcard addition. PS. <TVCard editors behold!) - Dont forget to set video_input to the number of inputs + Don't forget to set video_input to the number of inputs you defined in the video_mux part of the tvcard definition. - Its a common error to add a channel but not incrementing + It's a common error to add a channel but not incrementing video_input and getting angry with me/v4l/linux/linus :( You are now ready to test the framegrabber with your favorite diff --git a/Documentation/vm/numa b/Documentation/vm/numa index 4b8db1bd3b7..e93ad9425e2 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/numa +++ b/Documentation/vm/numa @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The initial port includes NUMAizing the bootmem allocator code by encapsulating all the pieces of information into a bootmem_data_t structure. Node specific calls have been added to the allocator. In theory, any platform which uses the bootmem allocator should -be able to to put the bootmem and mem_map data structures anywhere +be able to put the bootmem and mem_map data structures anywhere it deems best. Each node's page allocation data structures have also been encapsulated diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-api.txt b/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-api.txt index 958ff3d48be..7e8ae83e984 100644 --- a/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-api.txt @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ daemon and it crashes the system will not reboot. Because of this, some of the drivers support the configuration option "Disable watchdog shutdown on close", CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT. If it is set to Y when compiling the kernel, there is no way of disabling the watchdog once -it has been started. So, if the watchdog dameon crashes, the system +it has been started. So, if the watchdog daemon crashes, the system will reboot after the timeout has passed. Some other drivers will not disable the watchdog, unless a specific @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Note that not all devices support these two calls, and some only support the GETBOOTSTATUS call. Some drivers can measure the temperature using the GETTEMP ioctl. The -returned value is the temperature in degrees farenheit. +returned value is the temperature in degrees fahrenheit. int temperature; ioctl(fd, WDIOC_GETTEMP, &temperature); @@ -258,13 +258,13 @@ booke_wdt.c -- PowerPC BookE Watchdog Timer Timeout default varies according to frequency, supports SETTIMEOUT - Watchdog can not be turned off, CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT + Watchdog cannot be turned off, CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT does not make sense GETSUPPORT returns the watchdog_info struct, and GETSTATUS returns the supported options. GETBOOTSTATUS returns a 1 if the last reset was caused by the - watchdog and a 0 otherwise. This watchdog can not be + watchdog and a 0 otherwise. This watchdog cannot be disabled once it has been started. The wdt_period kernel parameter selects which bit of the time base changing from 0->1 will trigger the watchdog exception. Changing diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt index 74b77f9e91b..f3c57f43ba6 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Idle loop Rebooting reboot=b[ios] | t[riple] | k[bd] [, [w]arm | [c]old] - bios Use the CPU reboto vector for warm reset + bios Use the CPU reboot vector for warm reset warm Don't set the cold reboot flag cold Set the cold reboot flag triple Force a triple fault (init) |