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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2011-07-24 10:20:54 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2011-07-24 10:20:54 -0700
commitb6844e8f64920cdee620157252169ba63afb0c89 (patch)
tree339a447f4d1b6b2a447d10d24de227ddfbd4cc65 /Documentation
parent2f175074e6811974ee77ddeb026f4d21aa3eca4d (diff)
parent3ad55155b222f2a901405dea20ff7c68828ecd92 (diff)
Merge branch 'for-linus' of master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm
* 'for-linus' of master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm: (237 commits) ARM: 7004/1: fix traps.h compile warnings ARM: 6998/2: kernel: use proper memory barriers for bitops ARM: 6997/1: ep93xx: increase NR_BANKS to 16 for support of 128MB RAM ARM: Fix build errors caused by adding generic macros ARM: CPU hotplug: ensure we migrate all IRQs off a downed CPU ARM: CPU hotplug: pass in proper affinity mask on IRQ migration ARM: GIC: avoid routing interrupts to offline CPUs ARM: CPU hotplug: fix abuse of irqdesc->node ARM: 6981/2: mmci: adjust calculation of f_min ARM: 7000/1: LPAE: Use long long printk format for displaying the pud ARM: 6999/1: head, zImage: Always Enter the kernel in ARM state ARM: btc: avoid invalidating the branch target cache on kernel TLB maintanence ARM: ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE is no more ARM: mach-shark: move ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-sa1100: move ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-realview: move from ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-pxa: move from ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-ixp4xx: move from ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-h720x: move from ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ARM: mach-davinci: move from ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE to mdesc->dma_zone_size ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/Booting5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/SH-Mobile/zboot-rom-sdhi.txt42
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt267
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/pmu.txt21
4 files changed, 335 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/Booting b/Documentation/arm/Booting
index 4e686a2ed91..a341d87d276 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm/Booting
+++ b/Documentation/arm/Booting
@@ -164,3 +164,8 @@ In either case, the following conditions must be met:
- The boot loader is expected to call the kernel image by jumping
directly to the first instruction of the kernel image.
+ On CPUs supporting the ARM instruction set, the entry must be
+ made in ARM state, even for a Thumb-2 kernel.
+
+ On CPUs supporting only the Thumb instruction set such as
+ Cortex-M class CPUs, the entry must be made in Thumb state.
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/SH-Mobile/zboot-rom-sdhi.txt b/Documentation/arm/SH-Mobile/zboot-rom-sdhi.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..441959846e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/SH-Mobile/zboot-rom-sdhi.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+ROM-able zImage boot from eSD
+-----------------------------
+
+An ROM-able zImage compiled with ZBOOT_ROM_SDHI may be written to eSD and
+SuperH Mobile ARM will to boot directly from the SDHI hardware block.
+
+This is achieved by the mask ROM loading the first portion of the image into
+MERAM and then jumping to it. This portion contains loader code which
+copies the entire image to SDRAM and jumps to it. From there the zImage
+boot code proceeds as normal, uncompressing the image into its final
+location and then jumping to it.
+
+This code has been tested on an mackerel board using the developer 1A eSD
+boot mode which is configured using the following jumper settings.
+
+ 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+ x|x|x|x| |x|x|
+S4 -+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
+ | | | |x| | |x on
+
+The eSD card needs to be present in SDHI slot 1 (CN7).
+As such S1 and S33 also need to be configured as per
+the notes in arch/arm/mach-shmobile/board-mackerel.c.
+
+A partial zImage must be written to physical partition #1 (boot)
+of the eSD at sector 0 in vrl4 format. A utility vrl4 is supplied to
+accomplish this.
+
+e.g.
+ vrl4 < zImage | dd of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=17
+
+A full copy of _the same_ zImage should be written to physical partition #1
+(boot) of the eSD at sector 0. This should _not_ be in vrl4 format.
+
+ vrl4 < zImage | dd of=/dev/sdX bs=512
+
+Note: The commands above assume that the physical partition has been
+switched. No such facility currently exists in the Linux Kernel.
+
+Physical partitions are described in the eSD specification. At the time of
+writing they are not the same as partitions that are typically configured
+using fdisk and visible through /proc/partitions
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt b/Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a17df9f91d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+Kernel-provided User Helpers
+============================
+
+These are segment of kernel provided user code reachable from user space
+at a fixed address in kernel memory. This is used to provide user space
+with some operations which require kernel help because of unimplemented
+native feature and/or instructions in many ARM CPUs. The idea is for this
+code to be executed directly in user mode for best efficiency but which is
+too intimate with the kernel counter part to be left to user libraries.
+In fact this code might even differ from one CPU to another depending on
+the available instruction set, or whether it is a SMP systems. In other
+words, the kernel reserves the right to change this code as needed without
+warning. Only the entry points and their results as documented here are
+guaranteed to be stable.
+
+This is different from (but doesn't preclude) a full blown VDSO
+implementation, however a VDSO would prevent some assembly tricks with
+constants that allows for efficient branching to those code segments. And
+since those code segments only use a few cycles before returning to user
+code, the overhead of a VDSO indirect far call would add a measurable
+overhead to such minimalistic operations.
+
+User space is expected to bypass those helpers and implement those things
+inline (either in the code emitted directly by the compiler, or part of
+the implementation of a library call) when optimizing for a recent enough
+processor that has the necessary native support, but only if resulting
+binaries are already to be incompatible with earlier ARM processors due to
+useage of similar native instructions for other things. In other words
+don't make binaries unable to run on earlier processors just for the sake
+of not using these kernel helpers if your compiled code is not going to
+use new instructions for other purpose.
+
+New helpers may be added over time, so an older kernel may be missing some
+helpers present in a newer kernel. For this reason, programs must check
+the value of __kuser_helper_version (see below) before assuming that it is
+safe to call any particular helper. This check should ideally be
+performed only once at process startup time, and execution aborted early
+if the required helpers are not provided by the kernel version that
+process is running on.
+
+kuser_helper_version
+--------------------
+
+Location: 0xffff0ffc
+
+Reference declaration:
+
+ extern int32_t __kuser_helper_version;
+
+Definition:
+
+ This field contains the number of helpers being implemented by the
+ running kernel. User space may read this to determine the availability
+ of a particular helper.
+
+Usage example:
+
+#define __kuser_helper_version (*(int32_t *)0xffff0ffc)
+
+void check_kuser_version(void)
+{
+ if (__kuser_helper_version < 2) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "can't do atomic operations, kernel too old\n");
+ abort();
+ }
+}
+
+Notes:
+
+ User space may assume that the value of this field never changes
+ during the lifetime of any single process. This means that this
+ field can be read once during the initialisation of a library or
+ startup phase of a program.
+
+kuser_get_tls
+-------------
+
+Location: 0xffff0fe0
+
+Reference prototype:
+
+ void * __kuser_get_tls(void);
+
+Input:
+
+ lr = return address
+
+Output:
+
+ r0 = TLS value
+
+Clobbered registers:
+
+ none
+
+Definition:
+
+ Get the TLS value as previously set via the __ARM_NR_set_tls syscall.
+
+Usage example:
+
+typedef void * (__kuser_get_tls_t)(void);
+#define __kuser_get_tls (*(__kuser_get_tls_t *)0xffff0fe0)
+
+void foo()
+{
+ void *tls = __kuser_get_tls();
+ printf("TLS = %p\n", tls);
+}
+
+Notes:
+
+ - Valid only if __kuser_helper_version >= 1 (from kernel version 2.6.12).
+
+kuser_cmpxchg
+-------------
+
+Location: 0xffff0fc0
+
+Reference prototype:
+
+ int __kuser_cmpxchg(int32_t oldval, int32_t newval, volatile int32_t *ptr);
+
+Input:
+
+ r0 = oldval
+ r1 = newval
+ r2 = ptr
+ lr = return address
+
+Output:
+
+ r0 = success code (zero or non-zero)
+ C flag = set if r0 == 0, clear if r0 != 0
+
+Clobbered registers:
+
+ r3, ip, flags
+
+Definition:
+
+ Atomically store newval in *ptr only if *ptr is equal to oldval.
+ Return zero if *ptr was changed or non-zero if no exchange happened.
+ The C flag is also set if *ptr was changed to allow for assembly
+ optimization in the calling code.
+
+Usage example:
+
+typedef int (__kuser_cmpxchg_t)(int oldval, int newval, volatile int *ptr);
+#define __kuser_cmpxchg (*(__kuser_cmpxchg_t *)0xffff0fc0)
+
+int atomic_add(volatile int *ptr, int val)
+{
+ int old, new;
+
+ do {
+ old = *ptr;
+ new = old + val;
+ } while(__kuser_cmpxchg(old, new, ptr));
+
+ return new;
+}
+
+Notes:
+
+ - This routine already includes memory barriers as needed.
+
+ - Valid only if __kuser_helper_version >= 2 (from kernel version 2.6.12).
+
+kuser_memory_barrier
+--------------------
+
+Location: 0xffff0fa0
+
+Reference prototype:
+
+ void __kuser_memory_barrier(void);
+
+Input:
+
+ lr = return address
+
+Output:
+
+ none
+
+Clobbered registers:
+
+ none
+
+Definition:
+
+ Apply any needed memory barrier to preserve consistency with data modified
+ manually and __kuser_cmpxchg usage.
+
+Usage example:
+
+typedef void (__kuser_dmb_t)(void);
+#define __kuser_dmb (*(__kuser_dmb_t *)0xffff0fa0)
+
+Notes:
+
+ - Valid only if __kuser_helper_version >= 3 (from kernel version 2.6.15).
+
+kuser_cmpxchg64
+---------------
+
+Location: 0xffff0f60
+
+Reference prototype:
+
+ int __kuser_cmpxchg64(const int64_t *oldval,
+ const int64_t *newval,
+ volatile int64_t *ptr);
+
+Input:
+
+ r0 = pointer to oldval
+ r1 = pointer to newval
+ r2 = pointer to target value
+ lr = return address
+
+Output:
+
+ r0 = success code (zero or non-zero)
+ C flag = set if r0 == 0, clear if r0 != 0
+
+Clobbered registers:
+
+ r3, lr, flags
+
+Definition:
+
+ Atomically store the 64-bit value pointed by *newval in *ptr only if *ptr
+ is equal to the 64-bit value pointed by *oldval. Return zero if *ptr was
+ changed or non-zero if no exchange happened.
+
+ The C flag is also set if *ptr was changed to allow for assembly
+ optimization in the calling code.
+
+Usage example:
+
+typedef int (__kuser_cmpxchg64_t)(const int64_t *oldval,
+ const int64_t *newval,
+ volatile int64_t *ptr);
+#define __kuser_cmpxchg64 (*(__kuser_cmpxchg64_t *)0xffff0f60)
+
+int64_t atomic_add64(volatile int64_t *ptr, int64_t val)
+{
+ int64_t old, new;
+
+ do {
+ old = *ptr;
+ new = old + val;
+ } while(__kuser_cmpxchg64(&old, &new, ptr));
+
+ return new;
+}
+
+Notes:
+
+ - This routine already includes memory barriers as needed.
+
+ - Due to the length of this sequence, this spans 2 conventional kuser
+ "slots", therefore 0xffff0f80 is not used as a valid entry point.
+
+ - Valid only if __kuser_helper_version >= 5 (from kernel version 3.1).
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/pmu.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/pmu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c044eb320c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/pmu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+* ARM Performance Monitor Units
+
+ARM cores often have a PMU for counting cpu and cache events like cache misses
+and hits. The interface to the PMU is part of the ARM ARM. The ARM PMU
+representation in the device tree should be done as under:-
+
+Required properties:
+
+- compatible : should be one of
+ "arm,cortex-a9-pmu"
+ "arm,cortex-a8-pmu"
+ "arm,arm1176-pmu"
+ "arm,arm1136-pmu"
+- interrupts : 1 combined interrupt or 1 per core.
+
+Example:
+
+pmu {
+ compatible = "arm,cortex-a9-pmu";
+ interrupts = <100 101>;
+};