[PATCH] tick-management: dyntick / highres functionality

With Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add functions to provide dynamic ticks and high resolution timers.  The code
which keeps track of jiffies and handles the long idle periods is shared
between tick based and high resolution timer based dynticks.  The dyntick
functionality can be disabled on the kernel commandline.  Provide also the
infrastructure to support high resolution timers.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

1 files changed, 558 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-sched.c b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99d35e2af18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+/*
+ *  linux/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
+ *
+ *  Copyright(C) 2005-2006, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+ *  Copyright(C) 2005-2007, Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar
+ *  Copyright(C) 2006-2007  Timesys Corp., Thomas Gleixner
+ *
+ *  No idle tick implementation for low and high resolution timers
+ *
+ *  Started by: Thomas Gleixner and Ingo Molnar
+ *
+ *  For licencing details see kernel-base/COPYING
+ */
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/profile.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/tick.h>
+
+#include "tick-internal.h"
+
+/*
+ * Per cpu nohz control structure
+ */
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tick_sched, tick_cpu_sched);
+
+/*
+ * The time, when the last jiffy update happened. Protected by xtime_lock.
+ */
+static ktime_t last_jiffies_update;
+
+/*
+ * Must be called with interrupts disabled !
+ */
+static void tick_do_update_jiffies64(ktime_t now)
+{
+	unsigned long ticks = 0;
+	ktime_t delta;
+
+	/* Reevalute with xtime_lock held */
+	write_seqlock(&xtime_lock);
+
+	delta = ktime_sub(now, last_jiffies_update);
+	if (delta.tv64 >= tick_period.tv64) {
+
+		delta = ktime_sub(delta, tick_period);
+		last_jiffies_update = ktime_add(last_jiffies_update,
+						tick_period);
+
+		/* Slow path for long timeouts */
+		if (unlikely(delta.tv64 >= tick_period.tv64)) {
+			s64 incr = ktime_to_ns(tick_period);
+
+			ticks = ktime_divns(delta, incr);
+
+			last_jiffies_update = ktime_add_ns(last_jiffies_update,
+							   incr * ticks);
+		}
+		do_timer(++ticks);
+	}
+	write_sequnlock(&xtime_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize and return retrieve the jiffies update.
+ */
+static ktime_t tick_init_jiffy_update(void)
+{
+	ktime_t period;
+
+	write_seqlock(&xtime_lock);
+	/* Did we start the jiffies update yet ? */
+	if (last_jiffies_update.tv64 == 0)
+		last_jiffies_update = tick_next_period;
+	period = last_jiffies_update;
+	write_sequnlock(&xtime_lock);
+	return period;
+}
+
+/*
+ * NOHZ - aka dynamic tick functionality
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
+/*
+ * NO HZ enabled ?
+ */
+static int tick_nohz_enabled __read_mostly  = 1;
+
+/*
+ * Enable / Disable tickless mode
+ */
+static int __init setup_tick_nohz(char *str)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(str, "off"))
+		tick_nohz_enabled = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "on"))
+		tick_nohz_enabled = 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+__setup("nohz=", setup_tick_nohz);
+
+/**
+ * tick_nohz_update_jiffies - update jiffies when idle was interrupted
+ *
+ * Called from interrupt entry when the CPU was idle
+ *
+ * In case the sched_tick was stopped on this CPU, we have to check if jiffies
+ * must be updated. Otherwise an interrupt handler could use a stale jiffy
+ * value. We do this unconditionally on any cpu, as we don't know whether the
+ * cpu, which has the update task assigned is in a long sleep.
+ */
+void tick_nohz_update_jiffies(void)
+{
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &per_cpu(tick_cpu_sched, cpu);
+	unsigned long flags;
+	ktime_t now;
+
+	if (!ts->tick_stopped)
+		return;
+
+	cpu_clear(cpu, nohz_cpu_mask);
+	now = ktime_get();
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick - stop the idle tick from the idle task
+ *
+ * When the next event is more than a tick into the future, stop the idle tick
+ * Called either from the idle loop or from irq_exit() when an idle period was
+ * just interrupted by an interrupt which did not cause a reschedule.
+ */
+void tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick(void)
+{
+	unsigned long seq, last_jiffies, next_jiffies, delta_jiffies, flags;
+	struct tick_sched *ts;
+	ktime_t last_update, expires, now, delta;
+	int cpu;
+
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+
+	cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	ts = &per_cpu(tick_cpu_sched, cpu);
+
+	if (unlikely(ts->nohz_mode == NOHZ_MODE_INACTIVE))
+		goto end;
+
+	if (need_resched())
+		goto end;
+
+	cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	BUG_ON(local_softirq_pending());
+
+	now = ktime_get();
+	/*
+	 * When called from irq_exit we need to account the idle sleep time
+	 * correctly.
+	 */
+	if (ts->tick_stopped) {
+		delta = ktime_sub(now, ts->idle_entrytime);
+		ts->idle_sleeptime = ktime_add(ts->idle_sleeptime, delta);
+	}
+
+	ts->idle_entrytime = now;
+	ts->idle_calls++;
+
+	/* Read jiffies and the time when jiffies were updated last */
+	do {
+		seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock);
+		last_update = last_jiffies_update;
+		last_jiffies = jiffies;
+	} while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq));
+
+	/* Get the next timer wheel timer */
+	next_jiffies = get_next_timer_interrupt(last_jiffies);
+	delta_jiffies = next_jiffies - last_jiffies;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not stop the tick, if we are only one off
+	 * or if the cpu is required for rcu
+	 */
+	if (!ts->tick_stopped && (delta_jiffies == 1 || rcu_needs_cpu(cpu)))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Schedule the tick, if we are at least one jiffie off */
+	if ((long)delta_jiffies >= 1) {
+
+		if (rcu_needs_cpu(cpu))
+			delta_jiffies = 1;
+		else
+			cpu_set(cpu, nohz_cpu_mask);
+		/*
+		 * nohz_stop_sched_tick can be called several times before
+		 * the nohz_restart_sched_tick is called. This happens when
+		 * interrupts arrive which do not cause a reschedule. In the
+		 * first call we save the current tick time, so we can restart
+		 * the scheduler tick in nohz_restart_sched_tick.
+		 */
+		if (!ts->tick_stopped) {
+			ts->idle_tick = ts->sched_timer.expires;
+			ts->tick_stopped = 1;
+			ts->idle_jiffies = last_jiffies;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * calculate the expiry time for the next timer wheel
+		 * timer
+		 */
+		expires = ktime_add_ns(last_update, tick_period.tv64 *
+				       delta_jiffies);
+		ts->idle_expires = expires;
+		ts->idle_sleeps++;
+
+		if (ts->nohz_mode == NOHZ_MODE_HIGHRES) {
+			hrtimer_start(&ts->sched_timer, expires,
+				      HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+			/* Check, if the timer was already in the past */
+			if (hrtimer_active(&ts->sched_timer))
+				goto out;
+		} else if(!tick_program_event(expires, 0))
+				goto out;
+		/*
+		 * We are past the event already. So we crossed a
+		 * jiffie boundary. Update jiffies and raise the
+		 * softirq.
+		 */
+		tick_do_update_jiffies64(ktime_get());
+		cpu_clear(cpu, nohz_cpu_mask);
+	}
+	raise_softirq_irqoff(TIMER_SOFTIRQ);
+out:
+	ts->next_jiffies = next_jiffies;
+	ts->last_jiffies = last_jiffies;
+end:
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * nohz_restart_sched_tick - restart the idle tick from the idle task
+ *
+ * Restart the idle tick when the CPU is woken up from idle
+ */
+void tick_nohz_restart_sched_tick(void)
+{
+	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &per_cpu(tick_cpu_sched, cpu);
+	unsigned long ticks;
+	ktime_t now, delta;
+
+	if (!ts->tick_stopped)
+		return;
+
+	/* Update jiffies first */
+	now = ktime_get();
+
+	local_irq_disable();
+	tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+	cpu_clear(cpu, nohz_cpu_mask);
+
+	/* Account the idle time */
+	delta = ktime_sub(now, ts->idle_entrytime);
+	ts->idle_sleeptime = ktime_add(ts->idle_sleeptime, delta);
+
+	/*
+	 * We stopped the tick in idle. Update process times would miss the
+	 * time we slept as update_process_times does only a 1 tick
+	 * accounting. Enforce that this is accounted to idle !
+	 */
+	ticks = jiffies - ts->idle_jiffies;
+	/*
+	 * We might be one off. Do not randomly account a huge number of ticks!
+	 */
+	if (ticks && ticks < LONG_MAX) {
+		add_preempt_count(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
+		account_system_time(current, HARDIRQ_OFFSET,
+				    jiffies_to_cputime(ticks));
+		sub_preempt_count(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Cancel the scheduled timer and restore the tick
+	 */
+	ts->tick_stopped  = 0;
+	hrtimer_cancel(&ts->sched_timer);
+	ts->sched_timer.expires = ts->idle_tick;
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* Forward the time to expire in the future */
+		hrtimer_forward(&ts->sched_timer, now, tick_period);
+
+		if (ts->nohz_mode == NOHZ_MODE_HIGHRES) {
+			hrtimer_start(&ts->sched_timer,
+				      ts->sched_timer.expires,
+				      HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+			/* Check, if the timer was already in the past */
+			if (hrtimer_active(&ts->sched_timer))
+				break;
+		} else {
+			if (!tick_program_event(ts->sched_timer.expires, 0))
+				break;
+		}
+		/* Update jiffies and reread time */
+		tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+		now = ktime_get();
+	}
+	local_irq_enable();
+}
+
+static int tick_nohz_reprogram(struct tick_sched *ts, ktime_t now)
+{
+	hrtimer_forward(&ts->sched_timer, now, tick_period);
+	return tick_program_event(ts->sched_timer.expires, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The nohz low res interrupt handler
+ */
+static void tick_nohz_handler(struct clock_event_device *dev)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &__get_cpu_var(tick_cpu_sched);
+	struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
+	ktime_t now = ktime_get();
+
+	dev->next_event.tv64 = KTIME_MAX;
+
+	/* Check, if the jiffies need an update */
+	tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+
+	/*
+	 * When we are idle and the tick is stopped, we have to touch
+	 * the watchdog as we might not schedule for a really long
+	 * time. This happens on complete idle SMP systems while
+	 * waiting on the login prompt. We also increment the "start
+	 * of idle" jiffy stamp so the idle accounting adjustment we
+	 * do when we go busy again does not account too much ticks.
+	 */
+	if (ts->tick_stopped) {
+		touch_softlockup_watchdog();
+		ts->idle_jiffies++;
+	}
+
+	update_process_times(user_mode(regs));
+	profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING);
+
+	/* Do not restart, when we are in the idle loop */
+	if (ts->tick_stopped)
+		return;
+
+	while (tick_nohz_reprogram(ts, now)) {
+		now = ktime_get();
+		tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * tick_nohz_switch_to_nohz - switch to nohz mode
+ */
+static void tick_nohz_switch_to_nohz(void)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &__get_cpu_var(tick_cpu_sched);
+	ktime_t next;
+
+	if (!tick_nohz_enabled)
+		return;
+
+	local_irq_disable();
+	if (tick_switch_to_oneshot(tick_nohz_handler)) {
+		local_irq_enable();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ts->nohz_mode = NOHZ_MODE_LOWRES;
+
+	/*
+	 * Recycle the hrtimer in ts, so we can share the
+	 * hrtimer_forward with the highres code.
+	 */
+	hrtimer_init(&ts->sched_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+	/* Get the next period */
+	next = tick_init_jiffy_update();
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ts->sched_timer.expires = next;
+		if (!tick_program_event(next, 0))
+			break;
+		next = ktime_add(next, tick_period);
+	}
+	local_irq_enable();
+
+	printk(KERN_INFO "Switched to NOHz mode on CPU #%d\n",
+	       smp_processor_id());
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline void tick_nohz_switch_to_nohz(void) { }
+
+#endif /* NO_HZ */
+
+/*
+ * High resolution timer specific code
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS
+/*
+ * We rearm the timer until we get disabled by the idle code
+ * Called with interrupts disabled and timer->base->cpu_base->lock held.
+ */
+static enum hrtimer_restart tick_sched_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts =
+		container_of(timer, struct tick_sched, sched_timer);
+	struct hrtimer_cpu_base *base = timer->base->cpu_base;
+	struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
+	ktime_t now = ktime_get();
+
+	/* Check, if the jiffies need an update */
+	tick_do_update_jiffies64(now);
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not call, when we are not in irq context and have
+	 * no valid regs pointer
+	 */
+	if (regs) {
+		/*
+		 * When we are idle and the tick is stopped, we have to touch
+		 * the watchdog as we might not schedule for a really long
+		 * time. This happens on complete idle SMP systems while
+		 * waiting on the login prompt. We also increment the "start of
+		 * idle" jiffy stamp so the idle accounting adjustment we do
+		 * when we go busy again does not account too much ticks.
+		 */
+		if (ts->tick_stopped) {
+			touch_softlockup_watchdog();
+			ts->idle_jiffies++;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * update_process_times() might take tasklist_lock, hence
+		 * drop the base lock. sched-tick hrtimers are per-CPU and
+		 * never accessible by userspace APIs, so this is safe to do.
+		 */
+		spin_unlock(&base->lock);
+		update_process_times(user_mode(regs));
+		profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING);
+		spin_lock(&base->lock);
+	}
+
+	/* Do not restart, when we are in the idle loop */
+	if (ts->tick_stopped)
+		return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
+
+	hrtimer_forward(timer, now, tick_period);
+
+	return HRTIMER_RESTART;
+}
+
+/**
+ * tick_setup_sched_timer - setup the tick emulation timer
+ */
+void tick_setup_sched_timer(void)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &__get_cpu_var(tick_cpu_sched);
+	ktime_t now = ktime_get();
+
+	/*
+	 * Emulate tick processing via per-CPU hrtimers:
+	 */
+	hrtimer_init(&ts->sched_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+	ts->sched_timer.function = tick_sched_timer;
+	ts->sched_timer.cb_mode = HRTIMER_CB_IRQSAFE_NO_SOFTIRQ;
+
+	/* Get the next period */
+	ts->sched_timer.expires = tick_init_jiffy_update();
+
+	for (;;) {
+		hrtimer_forward(&ts->sched_timer, now, tick_period);
+		hrtimer_start(&ts->sched_timer, ts->sched_timer.expires,
+			      HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
+		/* Check, if the timer was already in the past */
+		if (hrtimer_active(&ts->sched_timer))
+			break;
+		now = ktime_get();
+	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
+	if (tick_nohz_enabled)
+		ts->nohz_mode = NOHZ_MODE_HIGHRES;
+#endif
+}
+
+void tick_cancel_sched_timer(int cpu)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &per_cpu(tick_cpu_sched, cpu);
+
+	if (ts->sched_timer.base)
+		hrtimer_cancel(&ts->sched_timer);
+	ts->tick_stopped = 0;
+	ts->nohz_mode = NOHZ_MODE_INACTIVE;
+}
+#endif /* HIGH_RES_TIMERS */
+
+/**
+ * Async notification about clocksource changes
+ */
+void tick_clock_notify(void)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		set_bit(0, &per_cpu(tick_cpu_sched, cpu).check_clocks);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Async notification about clock event changes
+ */
+void tick_oneshot_notify(void)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &__get_cpu_var(tick_cpu_sched);
+
+	set_bit(0, &ts->check_clocks);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check, if a change happened, which makes oneshot possible.
+ *
+ * Called cyclic from the hrtimer softirq (driven by the timer
+ * softirq) allow_nohz signals, that we can switch into low-res nohz
+ * mode, because high resolution timers are disabled (either compile
+ * or runtime).
+ */
+int tick_check_oneshot_change(int allow_nohz)
+{
+	struct tick_sched *ts = &__get_cpu_var(tick_cpu_sched);
+
+	if (!test_and_clear_bit(0, &ts->check_clocks))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (ts->nohz_mode != NOHZ_MODE_INACTIVE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!timekeeping_is_continuous() || !tick_is_oneshot_available())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!allow_nohz)
+		return 1;
+
+	tick_nohz_switch_to_nohz();
+	return 0;
+}