Merge remote branch 'origin' into secretlab/next-devicetree

Merging in current state of Linus' tree to deal with merge conflicts and
build failures in vio.c after merge.

Conflicts:
	drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-cpm.c
	drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-mpc.c
	drivers/net/gianfar.c

Also fixed up one line in arch/powerpc/kernel/vio.c to use the
correct node pointer.

Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>

37 files changed, 5755 insertions, 4773 deletions

diff --git a/sound/usb/Kconfig b/sound/usb/Kconfig
index c570ae3e6d5..44d6d2ec964 100644
--- a/sound/usb/Kconfig
+++ b/sound/usb/Kconfig
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ config SND_USB_AUDIO
 	  will be called snd-usb-audio.
 
 config SND_USB_UA101
-	tristate "Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 driver (EXPERIMENTAL)"
-	depends on EXPERIMENTAL
+	tristate "Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 driver"
 	select SND_PCM
 	select SND_RAWMIDI
 	help
@@ -65,6 +64,7 @@ config SND_USB_CAIAQ
 	    * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
 	    * Native Instruments Guitar Rig Session I/O
 	    * Native Instruments Guitar Rig mobile
+	    * Native Instruments Traktor Kontrol X1
 
 	   To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
 	   will be called snd-usb-caiaq.
diff --git a/sound/usb/Makefile b/sound/usb/Makefile
index 5bf64aef955..e7ac7f493a8 100644
--- a/sound/usb/Makefile
+++ b/sound/usb/Makefile
@@ -2,14 +2,24 @@
 # Makefile for ALSA
 #
 
-snd-usb-audio-objs := usbaudio.o usbmixer.o
-snd-usb-lib-objs := usbmidi.o
-snd-ua101-objs := ua101.o
+snd-usb-audio-objs := 	card.o \
+			mixer.o \
+			mixer_quirks.o \
+			proc.o \
+			quirks.o \
+			format.o \
+			endpoint.o \
+			urb.o \
+			pcm.o \
+			helper.o
+
+snd-usbmidi-lib-objs := midi.o
 
 # Toplevel Module Dependency
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_AUDIO) += snd-usb-audio.o snd-usb-lib.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_UA101) += snd-ua101.o snd-usb-lib.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_USX2Y) += snd-usb-lib.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_US122L) += snd-usb-lib.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_AUDIO) += snd-usb-audio.o snd-usbmidi-lib.o
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_UA101) += snd-usbmidi-lib.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_USX2Y) += snd-usbmidi-lib.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_US122L) += snd-usbmidi-lib.o
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND) += usx2y/ caiaq/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND) += misc/ usx2y/ caiaq/
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
index 537102ba6b9..36ed703a741 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/control.c
@@ -35,33 +35,41 @@ static int control_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev = caiaqdev(chip->card);
 	int pos = kcontrol->private_value;
 	int is_intval = pos & CNT_INTVAL;
-	unsigned int id = dev->chip.usb_id;
+	int maxval = 63;
 
 	uinfo->count = 1;
 	pos &= ~CNT_INTVAL;
 
-	if (id == USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO8DJ)
-		&& (pos == 0)) {
-		/* current input mode of A8DJ */
-		uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
-		uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
-		uinfo->value.integer.max = 2;
-		return 0;
-	}
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO8DJ):
+		if (pos == 0) {
+			/* current input mode of A8DJ */
+			uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+			uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+			uinfo->value.integer.max = 2;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		break;
 
-	if (id == USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ)
-		&& (pos == 0)) {
-		/* current input mode of A4DJ */
-		uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
-		uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
-		uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
-		return 0;
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ):
+		if (pos == 0) {
+			/* current input mode of A4DJ */
+			uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+			uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+			uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		maxval = 127;
+		break;
 	}
 
 	if (is_intval) {
 		uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
 		uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
-		uinfo->value.integer.max = 64;
+		uinfo->value.integer.max = maxval;
 	} else {
 		uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
 		uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
@@ -102,9 +110,10 @@ static int control_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev = caiaqdev(chip->card);
 	int pos = kcontrol->private_value;
+	unsigned char cmd = EP1_CMD_WRITE_IO;
 
-	if (dev->chip.usb_id ==
-		USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ)) {
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ): {
 		/* A4DJ has only one control */
 		/* do not expose hardware input mode 0 */
 		dev->control_state[0] = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] + 1;
@@ -113,10 +122,15 @@ static int control_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		return 1;
 	}
 
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		cmd = EP1_CMD_DIMM_LEDS;
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (pos & CNT_INTVAL) {
 		dev->control_state[pos & ~CNT_INTVAL]
 			= ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
-		snd_usb_caiaq_send_command(dev, EP1_CMD_WRITE_IO,
+		snd_usb_caiaq_send_command(dev, cmd,
 				dev->control_state, sizeof(dev->control_state));
 	} else {
 		if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0])
@@ -124,7 +138,7 @@ static int control_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		else
 			dev->control_state[pos / 8] &= ~(1 << (pos % 8));
 
-		snd_usb_caiaq_send_command(dev, EP1_CMD_WRITE_IO,
+		snd_usb_caiaq_send_command(dev, cmd,
 				dev->control_state, sizeof(dev->control_state));
 	}
 
@@ -273,6 +287,43 @@ static struct caiaq_controller a4dj_controller[] = {
 	{ "Current input mode",	0 | CNT_INTVAL 	}
 };
 
+static struct caiaq_controller kontrolx1_controller[] = {
+	{ "LED FX A: ON",		7 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX A: 1",		6 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX A: 2",		5 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX A: 3",		4 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX B: ON",		3 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX B: 1",		2 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX B: 2",		1 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED FX B: 3",		0 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+
+	{ "LED Hotcue",			28 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Shift (white)",		29 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Shift (green)",		30 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+
+	{ "LED Deck A: FX1",		24 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: FX2",		25 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: IN",		17 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: OUT",		16 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: < BEAT",		19 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: BEAT >",		18 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: CUE/ABS",	21 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: CUP/REL",	20 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: PLAY",		23 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck A: SYNC",		22 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+
+	{ "LED Deck B: FX1",		26 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: FX2",		27 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: IN",		15 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: OUT",		14 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: < BEAT",		13 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: BEAT >",		12 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: CUE/ABS",	11 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: CUP/REL",	10 | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: PLAY",		9  | CNT_INTVAL	},
+	{ "LED Deck B: SYNC",		8  | CNT_INTVAL	},
+};
+
 static int __devinit add_controls(struct caiaq_controller *c, int num,
 				  struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 {
@@ -321,10 +372,16 @@ int __devinit snd_usb_caiaq_control_init(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 		ret = add_controls(a8dj_controller,
 			ARRAY_SIZE(a8dj_controller), dev);
 		break;
+
 	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ):
 		ret = add_controls(a4dj_controller,
 			ARRAY_SIZE(a4dj_controller), dev);
 		break;
+
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		ret = add_controls(kontrolx1_controller,
+			ARRAY_SIZE(kontrolx1_controller), dev);
+		break;
 	}
 
 	return ret;
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
index afc5aeb6800..80527182767 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.c
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Native Instruments, RigKontrol2},"
 			 "{Native Instruments, Audio 4 DJ},"
 			 "{Native Instruments, Audio 8 DJ},"
 			 "{Native Instruments, Session I/O},"
-			 "{Native Instruments, GuitarRig mobile}");
+			 "{Native Instruments, GuitarRig mobile}"
+			 "{Native Instruments, Traktor Kontrol X1}");
 
 static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX; /* Index 0-max */
 static char* id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR; /* Id for this card */
@@ -128,6 +129,11 @@ static struct usb_device_id snd_usb_id_table[] = {
 		.idVendor =     USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS,
 		.idProduct =    USB_PID_AUDIO2DJ
 	},
+	{
+		.match_flags =  USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEVICE,
+		.idVendor =     USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS,
+		.idProduct =    USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1
+	},
 	{ /* terminator */ }
 };
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.h b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.h
index 44e3edf88be..f1117ecc84f 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/device.h
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/device.h
@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@
 
 #define USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS 0x17cc
 
-#define USB_PID_RIGKONTROL2	0x1969
-#define USB_PID_RIGKONTROL3	0x1940
-#define USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER	0x4711
-#define USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER2	0x4712
-#define USB_PID_AK1		0x0815
-#define USB_PID_AUDIO2DJ	0x041c
-#define USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ	0x0839
-#define USB_PID_AUDIO8DJ	0x1978
-#define USB_PID_SESSIONIO	0x1915
-#define USB_PID_GUITARRIGMOBILE	0x0d8d
+#define USB_PID_RIGKONTROL2		0x1969
+#define USB_PID_RIGKONTROL3		0x1940
+#define USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER		0x4711
+#define USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER2		0x4712
+#define USB_PID_AK1			0x0815
+#define USB_PID_AUDIO2DJ		0x041c
+#define USB_PID_AUDIO4DJ		0x0839
+#define USB_PID_AUDIO8DJ		0x1978
+#define USB_PID_SESSIONIO		0x1915
+#define USB_PID_GUITARRIGMOBILE		0x0d8d
+#define USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1	0x2305
 
 #define EP1_BUFSIZE 64
+#define EP4_BUFSIZE 512
 #define CAIAQ_USB_STR_LEN 0xff
 #define MAX_STREAMS 32
 
@@ -104,6 +106,8 @@ struct snd_usb_caiaqdev {
 	struct input_dev *input_dev;
 	char phys[64];			/* physical device path */
 	unsigned short keycode[64];
+	struct urb *ep4_in_urb;
+	unsigned char ep4_in_buf[EP4_BUFSIZE];
 #endif
 
 	/* ALSA */
diff --git a/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c b/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
index a48d309bd94..8bbfbfd4c65 100644
--- a/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
+++ b/sound/usb/caiaq/input.c
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
  *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 */
 
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/input.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
 
 #include "device.h"
@@ -65,6 +67,8 @@ static unsigned short keycode_kore[] = {
 	KEY_BRL_DOT5
 };
 
+#define KONTROLX1_INPUTS 40
+
 #define DEG90		(range / 2)
 #define DEG180		(range)
 #define DEG270		(DEG90 + DEG180)
@@ -162,6 +166,17 @@ static void snd_caiaq_input_read_analog(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev,
 		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_Z, (buf[4] << 8) | buf[5]);
 		input_sync(input_dev);
 		break;
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT0X, (buf[8] << 8)  | buf[9]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT0Y, (buf[4] << 8)  | buf[5]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT1X, (buf[12] << 8) | buf[13]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT1Y, (buf[2] << 8)  | buf[3]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT2X, (buf[15] << 8) | buf[15]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT2Y, (buf[0] << 8)  | buf[1]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT3X, (buf[10] << 8) | buf[11]);
+		input_report_abs(input_dev, ABS_HAT3Y, (buf[6] << 8)  | buf[7]);
+		input_sync(input_dev);
+		break;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +216,7 @@ static void snd_caiaq_input_read_erp(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev,
 }
 
 static void snd_caiaq_input_read_io(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev,
-				    char *buf, unsigned int len)
+				    unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
 {
 	struct input_dev *input_dev = dev->input_dev;
 	unsigned short *keycode = input_dev->keycode;
@@ -218,15 +233,84 @@ static void snd_caiaq_input_read_io(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev,
 		input_report_key(input_dev, keycode[i],
 				 buf[i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8)));
 
-	if (dev->chip.usb_id ==
-		USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER) ||
-	    dev->chip.usb_id ==
-		USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER2))
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER):
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_KORECONTROLLER2):
 		input_report_abs(dev->input_dev, ABS_MISC, 255 - buf[4]);
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		/* rotary encoders */
+		input_report_abs(dev->input_dev, ABS_X, buf[5] & 0xf);
+		input_report_abs(dev->input_dev, ABS_Y, buf[5] >> 4);
+		input_report_abs(dev->input_dev, ABS_Z, buf[6] & 0xf);
+		input_report_abs(dev->input_dev, ABS_MISC, buf[6] >> 4);
+		break;
+	}
 
 	input_sync(input_dev);
 }
 
+static void snd_usb_caiaq_ep4_reply_dispatch(struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev = urb->context;
+	unsigned char *buf = urb->transfer_buffer;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (urb->status || !dev || urb != dev->ep4_in_urb)
+		return;
+
+	if (urb->actual_length < 24)
+		goto requeue;
+
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		if (buf[0] & 0x3)
+			snd_caiaq_input_read_io(dev, buf + 1, 7);
+
+		if (buf[0] & 0x4)
+			snd_caiaq_input_read_analog(dev, buf + 8, 16);
+
+		break;
+	}
+
+requeue:
+	dev->ep4_in_urb->actual_length = 0;
+	ret = usb_submit_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		log("unable to submit urb. OOM!?\n");
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_caiaq_input_open(struct input_dev *idev)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev = input_get_drvdata(idev);
+
+	if (!dev)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		if (usb_submit_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL) != 0)
+			return -EIO;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_usb_caiaq_input_close(struct input_dev *idev)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev = input_get_drvdata(idev);
+
+	if (!dev)
+		return;
+
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		usb_kill_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
 void snd_usb_caiaq_input_dispatch(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev,
 				  char *buf,
 				  unsigned int len)
@@ -251,7 +335,7 @@ int snd_usb_caiaq_input_init(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 {
 	struct usb_device *usb_dev = dev->chip.dev;
 	struct input_dev *input;
-	int i, ret;
+	int i, ret = 0;
 
 	input = input_allocate_device();
 	if (!input)
@@ -265,7 +349,9 @@ int snd_usb_caiaq_input_init(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 	usb_to_input_id(usb_dev, &input->id);
 	input->dev.parent = &usb_dev->dev;
 
-        switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
+	input_set_drvdata(input, dev);
+
+	switch (dev->chip.usb_id) {
 	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_RIGKONTROL2):
 		input->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);
 		input->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) |
@@ -326,25 +412,72 @@ int snd_usb_caiaq_input_init(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_MISC, 0, 255, 0, 1);
 		snd_usb_caiaq_set_auto_msg(dev, 1, 10, 5);
 		break;
+	case USB_ID(USB_VID_NATIVEINSTRUMENTS, USB_PID_TRAKTORKONTROLX1):
+		input->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);
+		input->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT0X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT0Y) |
+				   BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT1X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT1Y) |
+				   BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT2X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT2Y) |
+				   BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT3X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_HAT3Y) |
+				   BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) |
+				   BIT_MASK(ABS_Z);
+		input->absbit[BIT_WORD(ABS_MISC)] |= BIT_MASK(ABS_MISC);
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(dev->keycode) < KONTROLX1_INPUTS);
+		for (i = 0; i < KONTROLX1_INPUTS; i++)
+			dev->keycode[i] = BTN_MISC + i;
+		input->keycodemax = KONTROLX1_INPUTS;
+
+		/* analog potentiometers */
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT0X, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT0Y, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT1X, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT1Y, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT2X, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT2Y, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT3X, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_HAT3Y, 0, 4096, 0, 10);
+
+		/* rotary encoders */
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_X, 0, 0xf, 0, 1);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_Y, 0, 0xf, 0, 1);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_Z, 0, 0xf, 0, 1);
+		input_set_abs_params(input, ABS_MISC, 0, 0xf, 0, 1);
+
+		dev->ep4_in_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!dev->ep4_in_urb) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto exit_free_idev;
+		}
+
+		usb_fill_bulk_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb, usb_dev,
+				  usb_rcvbulkpipe(usb_dev, 0x4),
+				  dev->ep4_in_buf, EP4_BUFSIZE,
+				  snd_usb_caiaq_ep4_reply_dispatch, dev);
+
+		snd_usb_caiaq_set_auto_msg(dev, 1, 10, 5);
+
+		break;
 	default:
 		/* no input methods supported on this device */
-		input_free_device(input);
-		return 0;
+		goto exit_free_idev;
 	}
 
+	input->open = snd_usb_caiaq_input_open;
+	input->close = snd_usb_caiaq_input_close;
 	input->keycode = dev->keycode;
 	input->keycodesize = sizeof(unsigned short);
 	for (i = 0; i < input->keycodemax; i++)
 		__set_bit(dev->keycode[i], input->keybit);
 
 	ret = input_register_device(input);
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		input_free_device(input);
-		return ret;
-	}
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto exit_free_idev;
 
 	dev->input_dev = input;
 	return 0;
+
+exit_free_idev:
+	input_free_device(input);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void snd_usb_caiaq_input_free(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
@@ -352,6 +485,10 @@ void snd_usb_caiaq_input_free(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
 	if (!dev || !dev->input_dev)
 		return;
 
+	usb_kill_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb);
+	usb_free_urb(dev->ep4_in_urb);
+	dev->ep4_in_urb = NULL;
+
 	input_unregister_device(dev->input_dev);
 	dev->input_dev = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/sound/usb/card.c b/sound/usb/card.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da1346bd485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/card.c
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+/*
+ *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
+ *
+ *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
+ *	    Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
+ *	    Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
+ *
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ *
+ *  NOTES:
+ *
+ *   - async unlink should be used for avoiding the sleep inside lock.
+ *     2.4.22 usb-uhci seems buggy for async unlinking and results in
+ *     oops.  in such a cse, pass async_unlink=0 option.
+ *   - the linked URBs would be preferred but not used so far because of
+ *     the instability of unlinking.
+ *   - type II is not supported properly.  there is no device which supports
+ *     this type *correctly*.  SB extigy looks as if it supports, but it's
+ *     indeed an AC3 stream packed in SPDIF frames (i.e. no real AC3 stream).
+ */
+
+
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+#include <sound/initval.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "midi.h"
+#include "mixer.h"
+#include "proc.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "endpoint.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+#include "urb.h"
+#include "format.h"
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB Audio");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Generic,USB Audio}}");
+
+
+static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;	/* Index 0-MAX */
+static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;	/* ID for this card */
+static int enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;/* Enable this card */
+/* Vendor/product IDs for this card */
+static int vid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
+static int pid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
+static int nrpacks = 8;		/* max. number of packets per urb */
+static int async_unlink = 1;
+static int device_setup[SNDRV_CARDS]; /* device parameter for this card */
+static int ignore_ctl_error;
+
+module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for the USB audio adapter.");
+module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for the USB audio adapter.");
+module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable USB audio adapter.");
+module_param_array(vid, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(vid, "Vendor ID for the USB audio device.");
+module_param_array(pid, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(pid, "Product ID for the USB audio device.");
+module_param(nrpacks, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(nrpacks, "Max. number of packets per URB.");
+module_param(async_unlink, bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(async_unlink, "Use async unlink mode.");
+module_param_array(device_setup, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(device_setup, "Specific device setup (if needed).");
+module_param(ignore_ctl_error, bool, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(ignore_ctl_error,
+		 "Ignore errors from USB controller for mixer interfaces.");
+
+/*
+ * we keep the snd_usb_audio_t instances by ourselves for merging
+ * the all interfaces on the same card as one sound device.
+ */
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
+static struct snd_usb_audio *usb_chip[SNDRV_CARDS];
+static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver;
+
+/*
+ * disconnect streams
+ * called from snd_usb_audio_disconnect()
+ */
+static void snd_usb_stream_disconnect(struct list_head *head)
+{
+	int idx;
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
+
+	as = list_entry(head, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
+	for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
+		subs = &as->substream[idx];
+		if (!subs->num_formats)
+			return;
+		snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 1);
+		subs->interface = -1;
+	}
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_create_stream(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif, int interface)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	struct usb_interface *iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, interface);
+
+	if (!iface) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : does not exist\n",
+			   dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (usb_interface_claimed(iface)) {
+		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%d:%d: skipping, already claimed\n",
+						dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_AUDIO ||
+	     altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) &&
+	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass == USB_SUBCLASS_MIDISTREAMING) {
+		int err = snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, iface,
+					     &chip->midi_list, NULL);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d: cannot create sequencer device\n",
+						dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
+	     altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
+	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING) {
+		snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d: skipping non-supported interface %d\n",
+					dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface, altsd->bInterfaceClass);
+		/* skip non-supported classes */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_LOW) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "low speed audio streaming not supported\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (! snd_usb_parse_audio_endpoints(chip, interface)) {
+		usb_set_interface(dev, interface, 0); /* reset the current interface */
+		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse audio control descriptor and create pcm/midi streams
+ */
+static int snd_usb_create_streams(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	struct usb_host_interface *host_iface;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	void *control_header;
+	int i, protocol;
+
+	/* find audiocontrol interface */
+	host_iface = &usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->altsetting[0];
+	control_header = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(host_iface->extra,
+						 host_iface->extralen,
+						 NULL, UAC_HEADER);
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(host_iface);
+	protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
+
+	if (!control_header) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot find UAC_HEADER\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
+		struct uac_ac_header_descriptor_v1 *h1 = control_header;
+
+		if (!h1->bInCollection) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "skipping empty audio interface (v1)\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (h1->bLength < sizeof(*h1) + h1->bInCollection) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid UAC_HEADER (v1)\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < h1->bInCollection; i++)
+			snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, h1->baInterfaceNr[i]);
+
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
+		struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *cs;
+		struct usb_interface_assoc_descriptor *assoc =
+			usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->intf_assoc;
+
+		if (!assoc) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Audio class v2 interfaces need an interface association\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		/* FIXME: for now, we expect there is at least one clock source
+		 * descriptor and we always take the first one.
+		 * We should properly support devices with multiple clock sources,
+		 * clock selectors and sample rate conversion units. */
+
+		cs = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(host_iface->extra, host_iface->extralen,
+						NULL, UAC2_CLOCK_SOURCE);
+
+		if (!cs) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "CLOCK_SOURCE descriptor not found\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		chip->clock_id = cs->bClockID;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < assoc->bInterfaceCount; i++) {
+			int intf = assoc->bFirstInterface + i;
+
+			if (intf != ctrlif)
+				snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, intf);
+		}
+
+		break;
+	}
+
+	default:
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown protocol version 0x%02x\n", protocol);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * free the chip instance
+ *
+ * here we have to do not much, since pcm and controls are already freed
+ *
+ */
+
+static int snd_usb_audio_free(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
+{
+	kfree(chip);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_audio_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = device->device_data;
+	return snd_usb_audio_free(chip);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * create a chip instance and set its names.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_device *dev, int idx,
+				const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk,
+				struct snd_usb_audio **rchip)
+{
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	int err, len;
+	char component[14];
+	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
+		.dev_free =	snd_usb_audio_dev_free,
+	};
+
+	*rchip = NULL;
+
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_LOW &&
+	    snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL &&
+	    snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown device speed %d\n", snd_usb_get_speed(dev));
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot create card instance %d\n", idx);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! chip) {
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	chip->index = idx;
+	chip->dev = dev;
+	chip->card = card;
+	chip->setup = device_setup[idx];
+	chip->nrpacks = nrpacks;
+	chip->async_unlink = async_unlink;
+
+	chip->usb_id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
+			      le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->pcm_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->midi_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->mixer_list);
+
+	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops)) < 0) {
+		snd_usb_audio_free(chip);
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	strcpy(card->driver, "USB-Audio");
+	sprintf(component, "USB%04x:%04x",
+		USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id), USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
+	snd_component_add(card, component);
+
+	/* retrieve the device string as shortname */
+	if (quirk && quirk->product_name) {
+		strlcpy(card->shortname, quirk->product_name, sizeof(card->shortname));
+	} else {
+		if (!dev->descriptor.iProduct ||
+		    usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iProduct,
+		    card->shortname, sizeof(card->shortname)) <= 0) {
+			/* no name available from anywhere, so use ID */
+			sprintf(card->shortname, "USB Device %#04x:%#04x",
+				USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id),
+				USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* retrieve the vendor and device strings as longname */
+	if (quirk && quirk->vendor_name) {
+		len = strlcpy(card->longname, quirk->vendor_name, sizeof(card->longname));
+	} else {
+		if (dev->descriptor.iManufacturer)
+			len = usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iManufacturer,
+					 card->longname, sizeof(card->longname));
+		else
+			len = 0;
+		/* we don't really care if there isn't any vendor string */
+	}
+	if (len > 0)
+		strlcat(card->longname, " ", sizeof(card->longname));
+
+	strlcat(card->longname, card->shortname, sizeof(card->longname));
+
+	len = strlcat(card->longname, " at ", sizeof(card->longname));
+
+	if (len < sizeof(card->longname))
+		usb_make_path(dev, card->longname + len, sizeof(card->longname) - len);
+
+	strlcat(card->longname,
+		snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_LOW ? ", low speed" :
+		snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL ? ", full speed" :
+		", high speed",
+		sizeof(card->longname));
+
+	snd_usb_audio_create_proc(chip);
+
+	*rchip = chip;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * probe the active usb device
+ *
+ * note that this can be called multiple times per a device, when it
+ * includes multiple audio control interfaces.
+ *
+ * thus we check the usb device pointer and creates the card instance
+ * only at the first time.  the successive calls of this function will
+ * append the pcm interface to the corresponding card.
+ */
+static void *snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
+				 struct usb_interface *intf,
+				 const struct usb_device_id *usb_id)
+{
+	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk = (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)usb_id->driver_info;
+	int i, err;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	int ifnum;
+	u32 id;
+
+	alts = &intf->altsetting[0];
+	ifnum = get_iface_desc(alts)->bInterfaceNumber;
+	id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
+		    le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
+	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum >= 0 && ifnum != quirk->ifnum)
+		goto __err_val;
+
+	if (snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(dev, intf, quirk) < 0)
+		goto __err_val;
+
+	/*
+	 * found a config.  now register to ALSA
+	 */
+
+	/* check whether it's already registered */
+	chip = NULL;
+	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
+		if (usb_chip[i] && usb_chip[i]->dev == dev) {
+			if (usb_chip[i]->shutdown) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "USB device is in the shutdown state, cannot create a card instance\n");
+				goto __error;
+			}
+			chip = usb_chip[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (! chip) {
+		/* it's a fresh one.
+		 * now look for an empty slot and create a new card instance
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++)
+			if (enable[i] && ! usb_chip[i] &&
+			    (vid[i] == -1 || vid[i] == USB_ID_VENDOR(id)) &&
+			    (pid[i] == -1 || pid[i] == USB_ID_PRODUCT(id))) {
+				if (snd_usb_audio_create(dev, i, quirk, &chip) < 0) {
+					goto __error;
+				}
+				snd_card_set_dev(chip->card, &intf->dev);
+				break;
+			}
+		if (!chip) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "no available usb audio device\n");
+			goto __error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	chip->txfr_quirk = 0;
+	err = 1; /* continue */
+	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum != QUIRK_NO_INTERFACE) {
+		/* need some special handlings */
+		if ((err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, intf, &usb_audio_driver, quirk)) < 0)
+			goto __error;
+	}
+
+	if (err > 0) {
+		/* create normal USB audio interfaces */
+		if (snd_usb_create_streams(chip, ifnum) < 0 ||
+		    snd_usb_create_mixer(chip, ifnum, ignore_ctl_error) < 0) {
+			goto __error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* we are allowed to call snd_card_register() many times */
+	if (snd_card_register(chip->card) < 0) {
+		goto __error;
+	}
+
+	usb_chip[chip->index] = chip;
+	chip->num_interfaces++;
+	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+	return chip;
+
+ __error:
+	if (chip && !chip->num_interfaces)
+		snd_card_free(chip->card);
+	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+ __err_val:
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * we need to take care of counter, since disconnection can be called also
+ * many times as well as usb_audio_probe().
+ */
+static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev, void *ptr)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct list_head *p;
+
+	if (ptr == (void *)-1L)
+		return;
+
+	chip = ptr;
+	card = chip->card;
+	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
+	chip->shutdown = 1;
+	chip->num_interfaces--;
+	if (chip->num_interfaces <= 0) {
+		snd_card_disconnect(card);
+		/* release the pcm resources */
+		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
+			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(p);
+		}
+		/* release the midi resources */
+		list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list) {
+			snd_usbmidi_disconnect(p);
+		}
+		/* release mixer resources */
+		list_for_each(p, &chip->mixer_list) {
+			snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(p);
+		}
+		usb_chip[chip->index] = NULL;
+		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(card);
+	} else {
+		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * new 2.5 USB kernel API
+ */
+static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
+			   const struct usb_device_id *id)
+{
+	void *chip;
+	chip = snd_usb_audio_probe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), intf, id);
+	if (chip) {
+		usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return -EIO;
+}
+
+static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
+{
+	snd_usb_audio_disconnect(interface_to_usbdev(intf),
+				 usb_get_intfdata(intf));
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+static int usb_audio_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
+
+	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
+		return 0;
+
+	snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
+	if (!chip->num_suspended_intf++) {
+		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
+			as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
+			snd_pcm_suspend_all(as->pcm);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int usb_audio_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
+
+	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
+		return 0;
+	if (--chip->num_suspended_intf)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * ALSA leaves material resumption to user space
+	 * we just notify
+	 */
+
+	snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#else
+#define usb_audio_suspend	NULL
+#define usb_audio_resume	NULL
+#endif		/* CONFIG_PM */
+
+static struct usb_device_id usb_audio_ids [] = {
+#include "quirks-table.h"
+    { .match_flags = (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS),
+      .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_AUDIO,
+      .bInterfaceSubClass = USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOCONTROL },
+    { }						/* Terminating entry */
+};
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, usb_audio_ids);
+
+/*
+ * entry point for linux usb interface
+ */
+
+static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver = {
+	.name =		"snd-usb-audio",
+	.probe =	usb_audio_probe,
+	.disconnect =	usb_audio_disconnect,
+	.suspend =	usb_audio_suspend,
+	.resume =	usb_audio_resume,
+	.id_table =	usb_audio_ids,
+};
+
+static int __init snd_usb_audio_init(void)
+{
+	if (nrpacks < 1 || nrpacks > MAX_PACKS) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "invalid nrpacks value.\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return usb_register(&usb_audio_driver);
+}
+
+static void __exit snd_usb_audio_cleanup(void)
+{
+	usb_deregister(&usb_audio_driver);
+}
+
+module_init(snd_usb_audio_init);
+module_exit(snd_usb_audio_cleanup);
diff --git a/sound/usb/card.h b/sound/usb/card.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed92420c109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/card.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_CARD_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_CARD_H
+
+#define MAX_PACKS	20
+#define MAX_PACKS_HS	(MAX_PACKS * 8)	/* in high speed mode */
+#define MAX_URBS	8
+#define SYNC_URBS	4	/* always four urbs for sync */
+#define MAX_QUEUE	24	/* try not to exceed this queue length, in ms */
+
+struct audioformat {
+	struct list_head list;
+	u64 formats;			/* ALSA format bits */
+	unsigned int channels;		/* # channels */
+	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
+	unsigned int frame_size;	/* samples per frame for non-audio */
+	int iface;			/* interface number */
+	unsigned char altsetting;	/* corresponding alternate setting */
+	unsigned char altset_idx;	/* array index of altenate setting */
+	unsigned char attributes;	/* corresponding attributes of cs endpoint */
+	unsigned char endpoint;		/* endpoint */
+	unsigned char ep_attr;		/* endpoint attributes */
+	unsigned char datainterval;	/* log_2 of data packet interval */
+	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max. packet size */
+	unsigned int rates;		/* rate bitmasks */
+	unsigned int rate_min, rate_max;	/* min/max rates */
+	unsigned int nr_rates;		/* number of rate table entries */
+	unsigned int *rate_table;	/* rate table */
+};
+
+struct snd_usb_substream;
+
+struct snd_urb_ctx {
+	struct urb *urb;
+	unsigned int buffer_size;	/* size of data buffer, if data URB */
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
+	int index;	/* index for urb array */
+	int packets;	/* number of packets per urb */
+};
+
+struct snd_urb_ops {
+	int (*prepare)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
+	int (*retire)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
+	int (*prepare_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
+	int (*retire_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
+};
+
+struct snd_usb_substream {
+	struct snd_usb_stream *stream;
+	struct usb_device *dev;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm_substream;
+	int direction;	/* playback or capture */
+	int interface;	/* current interface */
+	int endpoint;	/* assigned endpoint */
+	struct audioformat *cur_audiofmt;	/* current audioformat pointer (for hw_params callback) */
+	unsigned int cur_rate;		/* current rate (for hw_params callback) */
+	unsigned int period_bytes;	/* current period bytes (for hw_params callback) */
+	unsigned int altset_idx;     /* USB data format: index of alternate setting */
+	unsigned int datapipe;   /* the data i/o pipe */
+	unsigned int syncpipe;   /* 1 - async out or adaptive in */
+	unsigned int datainterval;	/* log_2 of data packet interval */
+	unsigned int syncinterval;  /* P for adaptive mode, 0 otherwise */
+	unsigned int freqn;      /* nominal sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
+	unsigned int freqm;      /* momentary sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
+	unsigned int freqmax;    /* maximum sampling rate, used for buffer management */
+	unsigned int phase;      /* phase accumulator */
+	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max packet size in bytes */
+	unsigned int maxframesize;	/* max packet size in frames */
+	unsigned int curpacksize;	/* current packet size in bytes (for capture) */
+	unsigned int curframesize;	/* current packet size in frames (for capture) */
+	unsigned int fill_max: 1;	/* fill max packet size always */
+	unsigned int txfr_quirk:1;	/* allow sub-frame alignment */
+	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
+
+	unsigned int running: 1;	/* running status */
+
+	unsigned int hwptr_done;	/* processed byte position in the buffer */
+	unsigned int transfer_done;		/* processed frames since last period update */
+	unsigned long active_mask;	/* bitmask of active urbs */
+	unsigned long unlink_mask;	/* bitmask of unlinked urbs */
+
+	unsigned int nurbs;			/* # urbs */
+	struct snd_urb_ctx dataurb[MAX_URBS];	/* data urb table */
+	struct snd_urb_ctx syncurb[SYNC_URBS];	/* sync urb table */
+	char *syncbuf;				/* sync buffer for all sync URBs */
+	dma_addr_t sync_dma;			/* DMA address of syncbuf */
+
+	u64 formats;			/* format bitmasks (all or'ed) */
+	unsigned int num_formats;		/* number of supported audio formats (list) */
+	struct list_head fmt_list;	/* format list */
+	struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list rate_list;	/* limited rates */
+	spinlock_t lock;
+
+	struct snd_urb_ops ops;		/* callbacks (must be filled at init) */
+};
+
+struct snd_usb_stream {
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	int pcm_index;
+	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
+	struct snd_usb_substream substream[2];
+	struct list_head list;
+};
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_CARD_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/debug.h b/sound/usb/debug.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..343ec2d9ee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/debug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_DEBUG_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_DEBUG_H
+
+/*
+ * h/w constraints
+ */
+
+#ifdef HW_CONST_DEBUG
+#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##args)
+#else
+#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) /**/
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_DEBUG_H */
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/endpoint.c b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef07a6d0dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "proc.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "endpoint.h"
+#include "urb.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "format.h"
+
+/*
+ * free a substream
+ */
+static void free_substream(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct list_head *p, *n;
+
+	if (!subs->num_formats)
+		return; /* not initialized */
+	list_for_each_safe(p, n, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		kfree(fp->rate_table);
+		kfree(fp);
+	}
+	kfree(subs->rate_list.list);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * free a usb stream instance
+ */
+static void snd_usb_audio_stream_free(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
+{
+	free_substream(&stream->substream[0]);
+	free_substream(&stream->substream[1]);
+	list_del(&stream->list);
+	kfree(stream);
+}
+
+static void snd_usb_audio_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_stream *stream = pcm->private_data;
+	if (stream) {
+		stream->pcm = NULL;
+		snd_usb_audio_stream_free(stream);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * add this endpoint to the chip instance.
+ * if a stream with the same endpoint already exists, append to it.
+ * if not, create a new pcm stream.
+ */
+int snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
+		as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
+		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
+			continue;
+		subs = &as->substream[stream];
+		if (!subs->endpoint)
+			continue;
+		if (subs->endpoint == fp->endpoint) {
+			list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
+			subs->num_formats++;
+			subs->formats |= fp->formats;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	/* look for an empty stream */
+	list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
+		as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
+		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
+			continue;
+		subs = &as->substream[stream];
+		if (subs->endpoint)
+			continue;
+		err = snd_pcm_new_stream(as->pcm, stream, 1);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		snd_usb_init_substream(as, stream, fp);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* create a new pcm */
+	as = kzalloc(sizeof(*as), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!as)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	as->pcm_index = chip->pcm_devs;
+	as->chip = chip;
+	as->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
+	err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, "USB Audio", chip->pcm_devs,
+			  stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 1 : 0,
+			  stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 0 : 1,
+			  &pcm);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(as);
+		return err;
+	}
+	as->pcm = pcm;
+	pcm->private_data = as;
+	pcm->private_free = snd_usb_audio_pcm_free;
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	if (chip->pcm_devs > 0)
+		sprintf(pcm->name, "USB Audio #%d", chip->pcm_devs);
+	else
+		strcpy(pcm->name, "USB Audio");
+
+	snd_usb_init_substream(as, stream, fp);
+
+	list_add(&as->list, &chip->pcm_list);
+	chip->pcm_devs++;
+
+	snd_usb_proc_pcm_format_add(as);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_parse_audio_endpoints(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface_no)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev;
+	struct usb_interface *iface;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	int i, altno, err, stream;
+	int format = 0, num_channels = 0;
+	struct audioformat *fp = NULL;
+	unsigned char *fmt, *csep;
+	int num, protocol;
+
+	dev = chip->dev;
+
+	/* parse the interface's altsettings */
+	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, iface_no);
+
+	num = iface->num_altsetting;
+
+	/*
+	 * Dallas DS4201 workaround: It presents 5 altsettings, but the last
+	 * one misses syncpipe, and does not produce any sound.
+	 */
+	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
+		num = 4;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		alts = &iface->altsetting[i];
+		altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+		protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
+		/* skip invalid one */
+		if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
+		     altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
+		    (altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING &&
+		     altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
+		    altsd->bNumEndpoints < 1 ||
+		    le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) == 0)
+			continue;
+		/* must be isochronous */
+		if ((get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) !=
+		    USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC)
+			continue;
+		/* check direction */
+		stream = (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN) ?
+			SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+		altno = altsd->bAlternateSetting;
+
+		if (snd_usb_apply_interface_quirk(chip, iface_no, altno))
+			continue;
+
+		/* get audio formats */
+		switch (protocol) {
+		case UAC_VERSION_1: {
+			struct uac_as_header_descriptor_v1 *as =
+				snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
+
+			if (!as) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
+					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
+					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			format = le16_to_cpu(as->wFormatTag); /* remember the format value */
+			break;
+		}
+
+		case UAC_VERSION_2: {
+			struct uac_as_header_descriptor_v2 *as =
+				snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
+
+			if (!as) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
+					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
+					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			num_channels = as->bNrChannels;
+			format = le32_to_cpu(as->bmFormats);
+
+			break;
+		}
+
+		default:
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : unknown interface protocol %04x\n",
+				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, protocol);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* get format type */
+		fmt = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_FORMAT_TYPE);
+		if (!fmt) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : no UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
+				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (((protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) && (fmt[0] < 8)) ||
+		    ((protocol == UAC_VERSION_2) && (fmt[0] != 6))) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
+				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Blue Microphones workaround: The last altsetting is identical
+		 * with the previous one, except for a larger packet size, but
+		 * is actually a mislabeled two-channel setting; ignore it.
+		 */
+		if (fmt[4] == 1 && fmt[5] == 2 && altno == 2 && num == 3 &&
+		    fp && fp->altsetting == 1 && fp->channels == 1 &&
+		    fp->formats == SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE &&
+		    protocol == UAC_VERSION_1 &&
+		    le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) ==
+							fp->maxpacksize * 2)
+			continue;
+
+		csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[0].extra, alts->endpoint[0].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
+		/* Creamware Noah has this descriptor after the 2nd endpoint */
+		if (!csep && altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2)
+			csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[1].extra, alts->endpoint[1].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
+		if (!csep || csep[0] < 7 || csep[2] != UAC_EP_GENERAL) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%u:%d : no or invalid"
+				   " class specific endpoint descriptor\n",
+				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
+			csep = NULL;
+		}
+
+		fp = kzalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (! fp) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		fp->iface = iface_no;
+		fp->altsetting = altno;
+		fp->altset_idx = i;
+		fp->endpoint = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
+		fp->ep_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes;
+		fp->datainterval = snd_usb_parse_datainterval(chip, alts);
+		fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
+		/* num_channels is only set for v2 interfaces */
+		fp->channels = num_channels;
+		if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
+			fp->maxpacksize = (((fp->maxpacksize >> 11) & 3) + 1)
+					* (fp->maxpacksize & 0x7ff);
+		fp->attributes = csep ? csep[3] : 0;
+
+		/* some quirks for attributes here */
+
+		switch (chip->usb_id) {
+		case USB_ID(0x0a92, 0x0053): /* AudioTrak Optoplay */
+			/* Optoplay sets the sample rate attribute although
+			 * it seems not supporting it in fact.
+			 */
+			fp->attributes &= ~UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
+			break;
+		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020): /* Creative SB Audigy 2 NX */
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2080): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8 */
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2081): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8R */
+			/* doesn't set the sample rate attribute, but supports it */
+			fp->attributes |= UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
+			break;
+		case USB_ID(0x047f, 0x0ca1): /* plantronics headset */
+		case USB_ID(0x077d, 0x07af): /* Griffin iMic (note that there is
+						an older model 77d:223) */
+		/*
+		 * plantronics headset and Griffin iMic have set adaptive-in
+		 * although it's really not...
+		 */
+			fp->ep_attr &= ~USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+			if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
+				fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE;
+			else
+				fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_SYNC;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* ok, let's parse further... */
+		if (snd_usb_parse_audio_format(chip, fp, format, fmt, stream, alts) < 0) {
+			kfree(fp->rate_table);
+			kfree(fp);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d: add audio endpoint %#x\n", dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, fp->endpoint);
+		err = snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			kfree(fp->rate_table);
+			kfree(fp);
+			return err;
+		}
+		/* try to set the interface... */
+		usb_set_interface(chip->dev, iface_no, altno);
+		snd_usb_init_pitch(chip, iface_no, alts, fp);
+		snd_usb_init_sample_rate(chip, iface_no, alts, fp, fp->rate_max);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/endpoint.h b/sound/usb/endpoint.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64dd0db023b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/endpoint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
+
+int snd_usb_parse_audio_endpoints(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				  int iface_no);
+
+int snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			       int stream,
+			       struct audioformat *fp);
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/format.c b/sound/usb/format.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b87cf87c4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/format.c
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+
+/*
+ * parse the audio format type I descriptor
+ * and returns the corresponding pcm format
+ *
+ * @dev: usb device
+ * @fp: audioformat record
+ * @format: the format tag (wFormatTag)
+ * @fmt: the format type descriptor
+ */
+static u64 parse_audio_format_i_type(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				     struct audioformat *fp,
+				     int format, void *_fmt,
+				     int protocol)
+{
+	int sample_width, sample_bytes;
+	u64 pcm_formats;
+
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
+		struct uac_format_type_i_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
+		sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
+		sample_bytes = fmt->bSubframeSize;
+		format = 1 << format;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
+		struct uac_format_type_i_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
+		sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
+		sample_bytes = fmt->bSubslotSize;
+		format <<= 1;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	pcm_formats = 0;
+
+	if (format == 0 || format == (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_UNDEFINED)) {
+		/* some devices don't define this correctly... */
+		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : format type 0 is detected, processed as PCM\n",
+			    chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
+		format = 1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM;
+	}
+	if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM)) {
+		if (sample_width > sample_bytes * 8) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : sample bitwidth %d in over sample bytes %d\n",
+				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
+				   sample_width, sample_bytes);
+		}
+		/* check the format byte size */
+		switch (sample_bytes) {
+		case 1:
+			pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8;
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			if (snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
+				pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
+			else
+				pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			if (snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
+				pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
+			else
+				pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE;
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE;
+			break;
+		default:
+			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unsupported sample bitwidth %d in %d bytes\n",
+				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
+				   sample_width, sample_bytes);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM8)) {
+		/* Dallas DS4201 workaround: it advertises U8 format, but really
+		   supports S8. */
+		if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
+			pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8;
+		else
+			pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8;
+	}
+	if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_IEEE_FLOAT)) {
+		pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_FLOAT_LE;
+	}
+	if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_ALAW)) {
+		pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_A_LAW;
+	}
+	if (format & (1 << UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_MULAW)) {
+		pcm_formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MU_LAW;
+	}
+	if (format & ~0x3f) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unsupported format bits %#x\n",
+			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
+	}
+	return pcm_formats;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
+ * on the audioformat table (audio class v1).
+ *
+ * @dev: usb device
+ * @fp: audioformat record
+ * @fmt: the format descriptor
+ * @offset: the start offset of descriptor pointing the rate type
+ *          (7 for type I and II, 8 for type II)
+ */
+static int parse_audio_format_rates_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
+				       unsigned char *fmt, int offset)
+{
+	int nr_rates = fmt[offset];
+
+	if (fmt[0] < offset + 1 + 3 * (nr_rates ? nr_rates : 2)) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
+				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (nr_rates) {
+		/*
+		 * build the rate table and bitmap flags
+		 */
+		int r, idx;
+
+		fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (fp->rate_table == NULL) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		fp->nr_rates = 0;
+		fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
+		for (r = 0, idx = offset + 1; r < nr_rates; r++, idx += 3) {
+			unsigned int rate = combine_triple(&fmt[idx]);
+			if (!rate)
+				continue;
+			/* C-Media CM6501 mislabels its 96 kHz altsetting */
+			if (rate == 48000 && nr_rates == 1 &&
+			    (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0201) ||
+			     chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0102)) &&
+			    fp->altsetting == 5 && fp->maxpacksize == 392)
+				rate = 96000;
+			/* Creative VF0470 Live Cam reports 16 kHz instead of 8kHz */
+			if (rate == 16000 && chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x4068))
+				rate = 8000;
+
+			fp->rate_table[fp->nr_rates] = rate;
+			if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
+				fp->rate_min = rate;
+			if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
+				fp->rate_max = rate;
+			fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
+			fp->nr_rates++;
+		}
+		if (!fp->nr_rates) {
+			hwc_debug("All rates were zero. Skipping format!\n");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* continuous rates */
+		fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
+		fp->rate_min = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 1]);
+		fp->rate_max = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 4]);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
+ * on the audioformat table (audio class v2).
+ */
+static int parse_audio_format_rates_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				       struct audioformat *fp,
+				       struct usb_host_interface *iface)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned char tmp[2], *data;
+	int i, nr_rates, data_size, ret = 0;
+
+	/* get the number of sample rates first by only fetching 2 bytes */
+	ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
+			      USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
+			      UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8, chip->clock_id << 8,
+			      tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1000);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to retrieve number of sample rates\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	nr_rates = (tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
+	data_size = 2 + 12 * nr_rates;
+	data = kzalloc(data_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!data) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	/* now get the full information */
+	ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
+			       USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
+			       UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8, chip->clock_id << 8,
+			       data, data_size, 1000);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to retrieve sample rate range\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto err_free;
+	}
+
+	fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!fp->rate_table) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err_free;
+	}
+
+	fp->nr_rates = 0;
+	fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_rates; i++) {
+		int rate = combine_quad(&data[2 + 12 * i]);
+
+		fp->rate_table[fp->nr_rates] = rate;
+		if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
+			fp->rate_min = rate;
+		if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
+			fp->rate_max = rate;
+		fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
+		fp->nr_rates++;
+	}
+
+err_free:
+	kfree(data);
+err:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse the format type I and III descriptors
+ */
+static int parse_audio_format_i(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				struct audioformat *fp,
+				int format, void *_fmt,
+				struct usb_host_interface *iface)
+{
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(iface);
+	struct uac_format_type_i_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
+	int protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
+	int pcm_format, ret;
+
+	if (fmt->bFormatType == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III) {
+		/* FIXME: the format type is really IECxxx
+		 *        but we give normal PCM format to get the existing
+		 *        apps working...
+		 */
+		switch (chip->usb_id) {
+
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
+			if (chip->setup == 0x00 && 
+			    fp->altsetting == 6)
+				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
+			else
+				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
+			break;
+		default:
+			pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
+		}
+		fp->formats = 1uLL << pcm_format;
+	} else {
+		fp->formats = parse_audio_format_i_type(chip, fp, format,
+							fmt, protocol);
+		if (!fp->formats)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* gather possible sample rates */
+	/* audio class v1 reports possible sample rates as part of the
+	 * proprietary class specific descriptor.
+	 * audio class v2 uses class specific EP0 range requests for that.
+	 */
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+		fp->channels = fmt->bNrChannels;
+		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, _fmt, 7);
+		break;
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+		/* fp->channels is already set in this case */
+		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2(chip, fp, iface);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (fp->channels < 1) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid channels %d\n",
+			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, fp->channels);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse the format type II descriptor
+ */
+static int parse_audio_format_ii(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				 struct audioformat *fp,
+				 int format, void *_fmt,
+				 struct usb_host_interface *iface)
+{
+	int brate, framesize, ret;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(iface);
+	int protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
+
+	switch (format) {
+	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_AC3:
+		/* FIXME: there is no AC3 format defined yet */
+		// fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_AC3;
+		fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8; /* temporary hack to receive byte streams */
+		break;
+	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_MPEG:
+		fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MPEG;
+		break;
+	default:
+		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unknown format tag %#x is detected.  processed as MPEG.\n",
+			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
+		fp->formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_MPEG;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	fp->channels = 1;
+
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
+		struct uac_format_type_ii_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
+		brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
+		framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
+		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
+		fp->frame_size = framesize;
+		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, _fmt, 8); /* fmt[8..] sample rates */
+		break;
+	}
+	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
+		struct uac_format_type_ii_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
+		brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
+		framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
+		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
+		fp->frame_size = framesize;
+		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2(chip, fp, iface);
+		break;
+	}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_parse_audio_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
+		       int format, unsigned char *fmt, int stream,
+		       struct usb_host_interface *iface)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	switch (fmt[3]) {
+	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I:
+	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III:
+		err = parse_audio_format_i(chip, fp, format, fmt, iface);
+		break;
+	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II:
+		err = parse_audio_format_ii(chip, fp, format, fmt, iface);
+		break;
+	default:
+		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : format type %d is not supported yet\n",
+			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, fmt[3]);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fp->fmt_type = fmt[3];
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+#if 1
+	/* FIXME: temporary hack for extigy/audigy 2 nx/zs */
+	/* extigy apparently supports sample rates other than 48k
+	 * but not in ordinary way.  so we enable only 48k atm.
+	 */
+	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000) ||
+	    chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020) ||
+	    chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3061)) {
+		if (fmt[3] == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I &&
+		    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 &&
+		    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000)
+			return -1;
+	}
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/format.h b/sound/usb/format.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8298c4e8ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_FORMAT_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_FORMAT_H
+
+int snd_usb_parse_audio_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
+			       int format, unsigned char *fmt, int stream,
+			       struct usb_host_interface *iface);
+
+#endif /*  __USBAUDIO_FORMAT_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/helper.c b/sound/usb/helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d48d6f8f6ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+
+/*
+ * combine bytes and get an integer value
+ */
+unsigned int snd_usb_combine_bytes(unsigned char *bytes, int size)
+{
+	switch (size) {
+	case 1:  return *bytes;
+	case 2:  return combine_word(bytes);
+	case 3:  return combine_triple(bytes);
+	case 4:  return combine_quad(bytes);
+	default: return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse descriptor buffer and return the pointer starting the given
+ * descriptor type.
+ */
+void *snd_usb_find_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dtype)
+{
+	u8 *p, *end, *next;
+
+	p = descstart;
+	end = p + desclen;
+	for (; p < end;) {
+		if (p[0] < 2)
+			return NULL;
+		next = p + p[0];
+		if (next > end)
+			return NULL;
+		if (p[1] == dtype && (!after || (void *)p > after)) {
+			return p;
+		}
+		p = next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find a class-specified interface descriptor with the given subtype.
+ */
+void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *buffer, int buflen, void *after, u8 dsubtype)
+{
+	unsigned char *p = after;
+
+	while ((p = snd_usb_find_desc(buffer, buflen, p,
+				      USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE)) != NULL) {
+		if (p[0] >= 3 && p[2] == dsubtype)
+			return p;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for usb_control_msg().
+ * Allocates a temp buffer to prevent dmaing from/to the stack.
+ */
+int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe, __u8 request,
+		    __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index, void *data,
+		    __u16 size, int timeout)
+{
+	int err;
+	void *buf = NULL;
+
+	if (size > 0) {
+		buf = kmemdup(data, size, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!buf)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	err = usb_control_msg(dev, pipe, request, requesttype,
+			      value, index, buf, size, timeout);
+	if (size > 0) {
+		memcpy(data, buf, size);
+		kfree(buf);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+unsigned char snd_usb_parse_datainterval(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+					 struct usb_host_interface *alts)
+{
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH &&
+	    get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval >= 1 &&
+	    get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval <= 4)
+		return get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval - 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/helper.h b/sound/usb/helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a6b0e51b3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_HELPER_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_HELPER_H
+
+unsigned int snd_usb_combine_bytes(unsigned char *bytes, int size);
+
+void *snd_usb_find_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dtype);
+void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dsubtype);
+
+int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe,
+		    __u8 request, __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index,
+		    void *data, __u16 size, int timeout);
+
+unsigned char snd_usb_parse_datainterval(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+					 struct usb_host_interface *alts);
+
+/*
+ * retrieve usb_interface descriptor from the host interface
+ * (conditional for compatibility with the older API)
+ */
+#ifndef get_iface_desc
+#define get_iface_desc(iface)	(&(iface)->desc)
+#define get_endpoint(alt,ep)	(&(alt)->endpoint[ep].desc)
+#define get_ep_desc(ep)		(&(ep)->desc)
+#define get_cfg_desc(cfg)	(&(cfg)->desc)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef snd_usb_get_speed
+#define snd_usb_get_speed(dev) ((dev)->speed)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_HELPER_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbmidi.c b/sound/usb/midi.c
index 9e28b20cb2c..8b1e4b124a9 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbmidi.c
+++ b/sound/usb/midi.c
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@
 #include <sound/rawmidi.h>
 #include <sound/asequencer.h>
 #include "usbaudio.h"
-
+#include "midi.h"
+#include "helper.h"
 
 /*
  * define this to log all USB packets
@@ -1047,8 +1048,8 @@ static struct snd_rawmidi_ops snd_usbmidi_input_ops = {
 static void free_urb_and_buffer(struct snd_usb_midi *umidi, struct urb *urb,
 				unsigned int buffer_length)
 {
-	usb_buffer_free(umidi->dev, buffer_length,
-			urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
+	usb_free_coherent(umidi->dev, buffer_length,
+			  urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
 	usb_free_urb(urb);
 }
 
@@ -1099,8 +1100,8 @@ static int snd_usbmidi_in_endpoint_create(struct snd_usb_midi* umidi,
 		pipe = usb_rcvbulkpipe(umidi->dev, ep_info->in_ep);
 	length = usb_maxpacket(umidi->dev, pipe, 0);
 	for (i = 0; i < INPUT_URBS; ++i) {
-		buffer = usb_buffer_alloc(umidi->dev, length, GFP_KERNEL,
-					  &ep->urbs[i]->transfer_dma);
+		buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(umidi->dev, length, GFP_KERNEL,
+					    &ep->urbs[i]->transfer_dma);
 		if (!buffer) {
 			snd_usbmidi_in_endpoint_delete(ep);
 			return -ENOMEM;
@@ -1190,9 +1191,9 @@ static int snd_usbmidi_out_endpoint_create(struct snd_usb_midi* umidi,
 		break;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < OUTPUT_URBS; ++i) {
-		buffer = usb_buffer_alloc(umidi->dev,
-					  ep->max_transfer, GFP_KERNEL,
-					  &ep->urbs[i].urb->transfer_dma);
+		buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(umidi->dev,
+					    ep->max_transfer, GFP_KERNEL,
+					    &ep->urbs[i].urb->transfer_dma);
 		if (!buffer) {
 			snd_usbmidi_out_endpoint_delete(ep);
 			return -ENOMEM;
diff --git a/sound/usb/midi.h b/sound/usb/midi.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2089ec987c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/midi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef __USBMIDI_H
+#define __USBMIDI_H
+
+/* maximum number of endpoints per interface */
+#define MIDI_MAX_ENDPOINTS 2
+
+/* data for QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT */
+struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info {
+	int8_t   out_ep;	/* ep number, 0 autodetect */
+	uint8_t  out_interval;	/* interval for interrupt endpoints */
+	int8_t   in_ep;
+	uint8_t  in_interval;
+	uint16_t out_cables;	/* bitmask */
+	uint16_t in_cables;	/* bitmask */
+};
+
+/* for QUIRK_MIDI_YAMAHA, data is NULL */
+
+/* for QUIRK_MIDI_MIDIMAN, data points to a snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info
+ * structure (out_cables and in_cables only) */
+
+/* for QUIRK_COMPOSITE, data points to an array of snd_usb_audio_quirk
+ * structures, terminated with .ifnum = -1 */
+
+/* for QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT, data points to an audioformat structure */
+
+/* for QUIRK_AUDIO/MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE, data is NULL */
+
+/* for QUIRK_AUDIO_EDIROL_UA700_UA25/UA1000, data is NULL */
+
+/* for QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE, data is NULL */
+
+/* for QUIRK_MIDI_NOVATION and _RAW, data is NULL */
+
+/* for QUIRK_MIDI_EMAGIC, data points to a snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info
+ * structure (out_cables and in_cables only) */
+
+/* for QUIRK_MIDI_CME, data is NULL */
+
+int snd_usbmidi_create(struct snd_card *card,
+		       struct usb_interface *iface,
+		       struct list_head *midi_list,
+		       const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk);
+void snd_usbmidi_input_stop(struct list_head* p);
+void snd_usbmidi_input_start(struct list_head* p);
+void snd_usbmidi_disconnect(struct list_head *p);
+
+#endif /* __USBMIDI_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/misc/Makefile b/sound/usb/misc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ccefd815893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/misc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+snd-ua101-objs := ua101.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_USB_UA101) += snd-ua101.o
diff --git a/sound/usb/ua101.c b/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c
index 3d458d3b996..fb5d68fa7ff 100644
--- a/sound/usb/ua101.c
+++ b/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 #include <sound/initval.h>
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
 #include <sound/pcm_params.h>
-#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "../usbaudio.h"
+#include "../midi.h"
 
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Edirol UA-101/1000 driver");
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>");
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Edirol,UA-101},{Edirol,UA-1000}}");
 /*
  * This magic value optimizes memory usage efficiency for the UA-101's packet
  * sizes at all sample rates, taking into account the stupid cache pool sizes
- * that usb_buffer_alloc() uses.
+ * that usb_alloc_coherent() uses.
  */
 #define DEFAULT_QUEUE_LENGTH	21
 
@@ -1056,7 +1057,7 @@ static int alloc_stream_buffers(struct ua101 *ua, struct ua101_stream *stream)
 				   (unsigned int)MAX_QUEUE_LENGTH);
 
 	/*
-	 * The cache pool sizes used by usb_buffer_alloc() (128, 512, 2048) are
+	 * The cache pool sizes used by usb_alloc_coherent() (128, 512, 2048) are
 	 * quite bad when used with the packet sizes of this device (e.g. 280,
 	 * 520, 624).  Therefore, we allocate and subdivide entire pages, using
 	 * a smaller buffer only for the last chunk.
@@ -1067,8 +1068,8 @@ static int alloc_stream_buffers(struct ua101 *ua, struct ua101_stream *stream)
 		packets = min(remaining_packets, packets_per_page);
 		size = packets * stream->max_packet_bytes;
 		stream->buffers[i].addr =
-			usb_buffer_alloc(ua->dev, size, GFP_KERNEL,
-					 &stream->buffers[i].dma);
+			usb_alloc_coherent(ua->dev, size, GFP_KERNEL,
+					   &stream->buffers[i].dma);
 		if (!stream->buffers[i].addr)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		stream->buffers[i].size = size;
@@ -1088,10 +1089,10 @@ static void free_stream_buffers(struct ua101 *ua, struct ua101_stream *stream)
 	unsigned int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stream->buffers); ++i)
-		usb_buffer_free(ua->dev,
-				stream->buffers[i].size,
-				stream->buffers[i].addr,
-				stream->buffers[i].dma);
+		usb_free_coherent(ua->dev,
+				  stream->buffers[i].size,
+				  stream->buffers[i].addr,
+				  stream->buffers[i].dma);
 }
 
 static int alloc_stream_urbs(struct ua101 *ua, struct ua101_stream *stream,
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbmixer.c b/sound/usb/mixer.c
index 8e8f871b74c..97dd1765510 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbmixer.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
 
 #include <sound/core.h>
 #include <sound/control.h>
@@ -41,60 +42,12 @@
 #include <sound/tlv.h>
 
 #include "usbaudio.h"
-
-/*
- */
-
-/* ignore error from controls - for debugging */
-/* #define IGNORE_CTL_ERROR */
-
-/*
- * Sound Blaster remote control configuration
- *
- * format of remote control data:
- * Extigy:       xx 00
- * Audigy 2 NX:  06 80 xx 00 00 00
- * Live! 24-bit: 06 80 xx yy 22 83
- */
-static const struct rc_config {
-	u32 usb_id;
-	u8  offset;
-	u8  length;
-	u8  packet_length;
-	u8  min_packet_length; /* minimum accepted length of the URB result */
-	u8  mute_mixer_id;
-	u32 mute_code;
-} rc_configs[] = {
-	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000), 0, 1, 2, 1,  18, 0x0013 }, /* Extigy       */
-	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020), 2, 1, 6, 6,  18, 0x0013 }, /* Audigy 2 NX  */
-	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040), 2, 2, 6, 6,  2,  0x6e91 }, /* Live! 24-bit */
-	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048), 2, 2, 6, 6,  2,  0x6e91 }, /* Toshiba SB0500 */
-};
+#include "mixer.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "mixer_quirks.h"
 
 #define MAX_ID_ELEMS	256
 
-struct usb_mixer_interface {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	unsigned int ctrlif;
-	struct list_head list;
-	unsigned int ignore_ctl_error;
-	struct urb *urb;
-	/* array[MAX_ID_ELEMS], indexed by unit id */
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info **id_elems;
-
-	/* Sound Blaster remote control stuff */
-	const struct rc_config *rc_cfg;
-	u32 rc_code;
-	wait_queue_head_t rc_waitq;
-	struct urb *rc_urb;
-	struct usb_ctrlrequest *rc_setup_packet;
-	u8 rc_buffer[6];
-
-	u8 audigy2nx_leds[3];
-	u8 xonar_u1_status;
-};
-
-
 struct usb_audio_term {
 	int id;
 	int type;
@@ -116,39 +69,6 @@ struct mixer_build {
 	const struct usbmix_selector_map *selector_map;
 };
 
-#define MAX_CHANNELS	10	/* max logical channels */
-
-struct usb_mixer_elem_info {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *next_id_elem; /* list of controls with same id */
-	struct snd_ctl_elem_id *elem_id;
-	unsigned int id;
-	unsigned int control;	/* CS or ICN (high byte) */
-	unsigned int cmask; /* channel mask bitmap: 0 = master */
-	int channels;
-	int val_type;
-	int min, max, res;
-	int dBmin, dBmax;
-	int cached;
-	int cache_val[MAX_CHANNELS];
-	u8 initialized;
-};
-
-
-enum {
-	USB_FEATURE_NONE = 0,
-	USB_FEATURE_MUTE = 1,
-	USB_FEATURE_VOLUME,
-	USB_FEATURE_BASS,
-	USB_FEATURE_MID,
-	USB_FEATURE_TREBLE,
-	USB_FEATURE_GEQ,
-	USB_FEATURE_AGC,
-	USB_FEATURE_DELAY,
-	USB_FEATURE_BASSBOOST,
-	USB_FEATURE_LOUDNESS
-};
-
 enum {
 	USB_MIXER_BOOLEAN,
 	USB_MIXER_INV_BOOLEAN,
@@ -213,7 +133,7 @@ enum {
  * if the mixer topology is too complicated and the parsed names are
  * ambiguous, add the entries in usbmixer_maps.c.
  */
-#include "usbmixer_maps.c"
+#include "mixer_maps.c"
 
 static const struct usbmix_name_map *
 find_map(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, int control)
@@ -278,6 +198,7 @@ static int check_mapped_selector_name(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 
 /*
  * find an audio control unit with the given unit id
+ * this doesn't return any clock related units, so they need to be handled elsewhere
  */
 static void *find_audio_control_unit(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char unit)
 {
@@ -286,7 +207,7 @@ static void *find_audio_control_unit(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char un
 	p = NULL;
 	while ((p = snd_usb_find_desc(state->buffer, state->buflen, p,
 				      USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE)) != NULL) {
-		if (p[0] >= 4 && p[2] >= UAC_INPUT_TERMINAL && p[2] <= UAC_EXTENSION_UNIT_V1 && p[3] == unit)
+		if (p[0] >= 4 && p[2] >= UAC_INPUT_TERMINAL && p[2] <= UAC2_EXTENSION_UNIT_V2 && p[3] == unit)
 			return p;
 	}
 	return NULL;
@@ -383,7 +304,7 @@ static int get_abs_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int val)
  * retrieve a mixer value
  */
 
-static int get_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int validx, int *value_ret)
+static int get_ctl_value_v1(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int validx, int *value_ret)
 {
 	unsigned char buf[2];
 	int val_len = cval->val_type >= USB_MIXER_S16 ? 2 : 1;
@@ -405,6 +326,58 @@ static int get_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int vali
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+static int get_ctl_value_v2(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int validx, int *value_ret)
+{
+	unsigned char buf[14]; /* enough space for one range of 4 bytes */
+	unsigned char *val;
+	int ret;
+	__u8 bRequest;
+
+	bRequest = (request == UAC_GET_CUR) ?
+		UAC2_CS_CUR : UAC2_CS_RANGE;
+
+	ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(cval->mixer->chip->dev,
+			      usb_rcvctrlpipe(cval->mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+			      bRequest,
+			      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
+			      validx, cval->mixer->ctrlif | (cval->id << 8),
+			      buf, sizeof(buf), 1000);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "cannot get ctl value: req = %#x, wValue = %#x, wIndex = %#x, type = %d\n",
+			    request, validx, cval->mixer->ctrlif | (cval->id << 8), cval->val_type);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	switch (request) {
+	case UAC_GET_CUR:
+		val = buf;
+		break;
+	case UAC_GET_MIN:
+		val = buf + sizeof(__u16);
+		break;
+	case UAC_GET_MAX:
+		val = buf + sizeof(__u16) * 2;
+		break;
+	case UAC_GET_RES:
+		val = buf + sizeof(__u16) * 3;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	*value_ret = convert_signed_value(cval, snd_usb_combine_bytes(val, sizeof(__u16)));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int validx, int *value_ret)
+{
+	return (cval->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) ?
+		get_ctl_value_v1(cval, request, validx, value_ret) :
+		get_ctl_value_v2(cval, request, validx, value_ret);
+}
+
 static int get_cur_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int validx, int *value)
 {
 	return get_ctl_value(cval, UAC_GET_CUR, validx, value);
@@ -429,8 +402,7 @@ static int get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 	err = get_cur_mix_raw(cval, channel, value);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		if (!cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error)
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot get current value for "
-				   "control %d ch %d: err = %d\n",
+			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot get current value for control %d ch %d: err = %d\n",
 				   cval->control, channel, err);
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -444,11 +416,26 @@ static int get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
  * set a mixer value
  */
 
-static int set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int validx, int value_set)
+int snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
+				int request, int validx, int value_set)
 {
 	unsigned char buf[2];
-	int val_len = cval->val_type >= USB_MIXER_S16 ? 2 : 1;
-	int timeout = 10;
+	int val_len, timeout = 10;
+
+	if (cval->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+		val_len = cval->val_type >= USB_MIXER_S16 ? 2 : 1;
+	} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+		/* audio class v2 controls are always 2 bytes in size */
+		val_len = sizeof(__u16);
+
+		/* FIXME */
+		if (request != UAC_SET_CUR) {
+			snd_printdd(KERN_WARNING "RANGE setting not yet supported\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		request = UAC2_CS_CUR;
+	}
 
 	value_set = convert_bytes_value(cval, value_set);
 	buf[0] = value_set & 0xff;
@@ -468,14 +455,14 @@ static int set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request, int vali
 
 static int set_cur_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int validx, int value)
 {
-	return set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR, validx, value);
+	return snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR, validx, value);
 }
 
 static int set_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int channel,
 			     int index, int value)
 {
 	int err;
-	err = set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR, (cval->control << 8) | channel,
+	err = snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR, (cval->control << 8) | channel,
 			    value);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
@@ -644,46 +631,65 @@ static int get_term_name(struct mixer_build *state, struct usb_audio_term *iterm
  */
 static int check_input_term(struct mixer_build *state, int id, struct usb_audio_term *term)
 {
-	unsigned char *p1;
+	void *p1;
 
 	memset(term, 0, sizeof(*term));
 	while ((p1 = find_audio_control_unit(state, id)) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char *hdr = p1;
 		term->id = id;
-		switch (p1[2]) {
+		switch (hdr[2]) {
 		case UAC_INPUT_TERMINAL:
-			term->type = combine_word(p1 + 4);
-			term->channels = p1[7];
-			term->chconfig = combine_word(p1 + 8);
-			term->name = p1[11];
+			if (state->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+				struct uac_input_terminal_descriptor *d = p1;
+				term->type = le16_to_cpu(d->wTerminalType);
+				term->channels = d->bNrChannels;
+				term->chconfig = le16_to_cpu(d->wChannelConfig);
+				term->name = d->iTerminal;
+			} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+				struct uac2_input_terminal_descriptor *d = p1;
+				term->type = le16_to_cpu(d->wTerminalType);
+				term->channels = d->bNrChannels;
+				term->chconfig = le32_to_cpu(d->bmChannelConfig);
+				term->name = d->iTerminal;
+			}
 			return 0;
-		case UAC_FEATURE_UNIT:
-			id = p1[4];
+		case UAC_FEATURE_UNIT: {
+			/* the header is the same for v1 and v2 */
+			struct uac_feature_unit_descriptor *d = p1;
+			id = d->bSourceID;
 			break; /* continue to parse */
-		case UAC_MIXER_UNIT:
-			term->type = p1[2] << 16; /* virtual type */
-			term->channels = p1[5 + p1[4]];
-			term->chconfig = combine_word(p1 + 6 + p1[4]);
-			term->name = p1[p1[0] - 1];
+		}
+		case UAC_MIXER_UNIT: {
+			struct uac_mixer_unit_descriptor *d = p1;
+			term->type = d->bDescriptorSubtype << 16; /* virtual type */
+			term->channels = uac_mixer_unit_bNrChannels(d);
+			term->chconfig = uac_mixer_unit_wChannelConfig(d, state->mixer->protocol);
+			term->name = uac_mixer_unit_iMixer(d);
 			return 0;
-		case UAC_SELECTOR_UNIT:
+		}
+		case UAC_SELECTOR_UNIT: {
+			struct uac_selector_unit_descriptor *d = p1;
 			/* call recursively to retrieve the channel info */
-			if (check_input_term(state, p1[5], term) < 0)
+			if (check_input_term(state, d->baSourceID[0], term) < 0)
 				return -ENODEV;
-			term->type = p1[2] << 16; /* virtual type */
+			term->type = d->bDescriptorSubtype << 16; /* virtual type */
 			term->id = id;
-			term->name = p1[9 + p1[0] - 1];
+			term->name = uac_selector_unit_iSelector(d);
 			return 0;
+		}
 		case UAC_PROCESSING_UNIT_V1:
-		case UAC_EXTENSION_UNIT_V1:
-			if (p1[6] == 1) {
-				id = p1[7];
+		case UAC_EXTENSION_UNIT_V1: {
+			struct uac_processing_unit_descriptor *d = p1;
+			if (d->bNrInPins) {
+				id = d->baSourceID[0];
 				break; /* continue to parse */
 			}
-			term->type = p1[2] << 16; /* virtual type */
-			term->channels = p1[7 + p1[6]];
-			term->chconfig = combine_word(p1 + 8 + p1[6]);
-			term->name = p1[12 + p1[6] + p1[11 + p1[6]]];
+			term->type = d->bDescriptorSubtype << 16; /* virtual type */
+			term->channels = uac_processing_unit_bNrChannels(d);
+			term->chconfig = uac_processing_unit_wChannelConfig(d, state->mixer->protocol);
+			term->name = uac_processing_unit_iProcessing(d, state->mixer->protocol);
 			return 0;
+		}
 		default:
 			return -ENODEV;
 		}
@@ -764,7 +770,8 @@ static int get_min_max(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int default_min)
 			int last_valid_res = cval->res;
 
 			while (cval->res > 1) {
-				if (set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_RES, (cval->control << 8) | minchn, cval->res / 2) < 0)
+				if (snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_RES,
+								(cval->control << 8) | minchn, cval->res / 2) < 0)
 					break;
 				cval->res /= 2;
 			}
@@ -929,6 +936,15 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_feature_unit_ctl = {
 	.put = mixer_ctl_feature_put,
 };
 
+/* the read-only variant */
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_feature_unit_ctl_ro = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "", /* will be filled later manually */
+	.info = mixer_ctl_feature_info,
+	.get = mixer_ctl_feature_get,
+	.put = NULL,
+};
+
 
 /*
  * build a feature control
@@ -939,20 +955,22 @@ static size_t append_ctl_name(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl, const char *str)
 	return strlcat(kctl->id.name, str, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 }
 
-static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
+static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 			      unsigned int ctl_mask, int control,
-			      struct usb_audio_term *iterm, int unitid)
+			      struct usb_audio_term *iterm, int unitid,
+			      int read_only)
 {
+	struct uac_feature_unit_descriptor *desc = raw_desc;
 	unsigned int len = 0;
 	int mapped_name = 0;
-	int nameid = desc[desc[0] - 1];
+	int nameid = uac_feature_unit_iFeature(desc);
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
 	const struct usbmix_name_map *map;
 
 	control++; /* change from zero-based to 1-based value */
 
-	if (control == USB_FEATURE_GEQ) {
+	if (control == UAC_GRAPHIC_EQUALIZER_CONTROL) {
 		/* FIXME: not supported yet */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -984,7 +1002,11 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
 	/* get min/max values */
 	get_min_max(cval, 0);
 
-	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&usb_feature_unit_ctl, cval);
+	if (read_only)
+		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&usb_feature_unit_ctl_ro, cval);
+	else
+		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&usb_feature_unit_ctl, cval);
+
 	if (! kctl) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc kcontrol\n");
 		kfree(cval);
@@ -999,8 +1021,8 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
 				kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 
 	switch (control) {
-	case USB_FEATURE_MUTE:
-	case USB_FEATURE_VOLUME:
+	case UAC_MUTE_CONTROL:
+	case UAC_VOLUME_CONTROL:
 		/* determine the control name.  the rule is:
 		 * - if a name id is given in descriptor, use it.
 		 * - if the connected input can be determined, then use the name
@@ -1027,9 +1049,9 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
 				len = append_ctl_name(kctl, " Playback");
 			}
 		}
-		append_ctl_name(kctl, control == USB_FEATURE_MUTE ?
+		append_ctl_name(kctl, control == UAC_MUTE_CONTROL ?
 				" Switch" : " Volume");
-		if (control == USB_FEATURE_VOLUME) {
+		if (control == UAC_VOLUME_CONTROL) {
 			kctl->tlv.c = mixer_vol_tlv;
 			kctl->vd[0].access |= 
 				SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
@@ -1094,49 +1116,92 @@ static int parse_audio_feature_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void
 	struct usb_audio_term iterm;
 	unsigned int master_bits, first_ch_bits;
 	int err, csize;
-	struct uac_feature_unit_descriptor *ftr = _ftr;
+	struct uac_feature_unit_descriptor *hdr = _ftr;
+	__u8 *bmaControls;
 
-	if (ftr->bLength < 7 || ! (csize = ftr->bControlSize) || ftr->bLength < 7 + csize) {
+	if (state->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+		csize = hdr->bControlSize;
+		channels = (hdr->bLength - 7) / csize - 1;
+		bmaControls = hdr->bmaControls;
+	} else {
+		struct uac2_feature_unit_descriptor *ftr = _ftr;
+		csize = 4;
+		channels = (hdr->bLength - 6) / 4;
+		bmaControls = ftr->bmaControls;
+	}
+
+	if (hdr->bLength < 7 || !csize || hdr->bLength < 7 + csize) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "usbaudio: unit %u: invalid UAC_FEATURE_UNIT descriptor\n", unitid);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	/* parse the source unit */
-	if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, ftr->bSourceID)) < 0)
+	if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, hdr->bSourceID)) < 0)
 		return err;
 
 	/* determine the input source type and name */
-	if (check_input_term(state, ftr->bSourceID, &iterm) < 0)
+	if (check_input_term(state, hdr->bSourceID, &iterm) < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	channels = (ftr->bLength - 7) / csize - 1;
-
-	master_bits = snd_usb_combine_bytes(ftr->controls, csize);
+	master_bits = snd_usb_combine_bytes(bmaControls, csize);
 	/* master configuration quirks */
 	switch (state->chip->usb_id) {
 	case USB_ID(0x08bb, 0x2702):
 		snd_printk(KERN_INFO
 			   "usbmixer: master volume quirk for PCM2702 chip\n");
 		/* disable non-functional volume control */
-		master_bits &= ~(1 << (USB_FEATURE_VOLUME - 1));
+		master_bits &= ~UAC_FU_VOLUME;
 		break;
 	}
 	if (channels > 0)
-		first_ch_bits = snd_usb_combine_bytes(ftr->controls + csize, csize);
+		first_ch_bits = snd_usb_combine_bytes(bmaControls + csize, csize);
 	else
 		first_ch_bits = 0;
-	/* check all control types */
-	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-		unsigned int ch_bits = 0;
-		for (j = 0; j < channels; j++) {
-			unsigned int mask = snd_usb_combine_bytes(ftr->controls + csize * (j+1), csize);
-			if (mask & (1 << i))
-				ch_bits |= (1 << j);
+
+	if (state->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+		/* check all control types */
+		for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+			unsigned int ch_bits = 0;
+			for (j = 0; j < channels; j++) {
+				unsigned int mask = snd_usb_combine_bytes(bmaControls + csize * (j+1), csize);
+				if (mask & (1 << i))
+					ch_bits |= (1 << j);
+			}
+			/* audio class v1 controls are never read-only */
+			if (ch_bits & 1) /* the first channel must be set (for ease of programming) */
+				build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, ch_bits, i, &iterm, unitid, 0);
+			if (master_bits & (1 << i))
+				build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, 0, i, &iterm, unitid, 0);
+		}
+	} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+		for (i = 0; i < 30/2; i++) {
+			/* From the USB Audio spec v2.0:
+			   bmaControls() is a (ch+1)-element array of 4-byte bitmaps,
+			   each containing a set of bit pairs. If a Control is present,
+			   it must be Host readable. If a certain Control is not
+			   present then the bit pair must be set to 0b00.
+			   If a Control is present but read-only, the bit pair must be
+			   set to 0b01. If a Control is also Host programmable, the bit
+			   pair must be set to 0b11. The value 0b10 is not allowed. */
+			unsigned int ch_bits = 0;
+			unsigned int ch_read_only = 0;
+
+			for (j = 0; j < channels; j++) {
+				unsigned int mask = snd_usb_combine_bytes(bmaControls + csize * (j+1), csize);
+				if (mask & (1 << (i * 2))) {
+					ch_bits |= (1 << j);
+					if (~mask & (1 << ((i * 2) + 1)))
+						ch_read_only |= (1 << j);
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* FIXME: the whole unit is read-only if any of the channels is marked read-only */
+			if (ch_bits & 1) /* the first channel must be set (for ease of programming) */
+				build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, ch_bits, i, &iterm, unitid, !!ch_read_only);
+			if (master_bits & (1 << i * 2))
+				build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, 0, i, &iterm, unitid,
+						  ~master_bits & (1 << ((i * 2) + 1)));
 		}
-		if (ch_bits & 1) /* the first channel must be set (for ease of programming) */
-			build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, ch_bits, i, &iterm, unitid);
-		if (master_bits & (1 << i))
-			build_feature_ctl(state, _ftr, 0, i, &iterm, unitid);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1154,13 +1219,13 @@ static int parse_audio_feature_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void
  * input channel number (zero based) is given in control field instead.
  */
 
-static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
+static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state,
+				 struct uac_mixer_unit_descriptor *desc,
 				 int in_pin, int in_ch, int unitid,
 				 struct usb_audio_term *iterm)
 {
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
-	unsigned int input_pins = desc[4];
-	unsigned int num_outs = desc[5 + input_pins];
+	unsigned int num_outs = uac_mixer_unit_bNrChannels(desc);
 	unsigned int i, len;
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 	const struct usbmix_name_map *map;
@@ -1178,7 +1243,7 @@ static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
 	cval->control = in_ch + 1; /* based on 1 */
 	cval->val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_outs; i++) {
-		if (check_matrix_bitmap(desc + 9 + input_pins, in_ch, i, num_outs)) {
+		if (check_matrix_bitmap(uac_mixer_unit_bmControls(desc, state->mixer->protocol), in_ch, i, num_outs)) {
 			cval->cmask |= (1 << i);
 			cval->channels++;
 		}
@@ -1211,18 +1276,19 @@ static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, unsigned char *desc,
 /*
  * parse a mixer unit
  */
-static int parse_audio_mixer_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned char *desc)
+static int parse_audio_mixer_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void *raw_desc)
 {
+	struct uac_mixer_unit_descriptor *desc = raw_desc;
 	struct usb_audio_term iterm;
 	int input_pins, num_ins, num_outs;
 	int pin, ich, err;
 
-	if (desc[0] < 11 || ! (input_pins = desc[4]) || ! (num_outs = desc[5 + input_pins])) {
+	if (desc->bLength < 11 || ! (input_pins = desc->bNrInPins) || ! (num_outs = uac_mixer_unit_bNrChannels(desc))) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid MIXER UNIT descriptor %d\n", unitid);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	/* no bmControls field (e.g. Maya44) -> ignore */
-	if (desc[0] <= 10 + input_pins) {
+	if (desc->bLength <= 10 + input_pins) {
 		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "MU %d has no bmControls field\n", unitid);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -1230,10 +1296,10 @@ static int parse_audio_mixer_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigne
 	num_ins = 0;
 	ich = 0;
 	for (pin = 0; pin < input_pins; pin++) {
-		err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc[5 + pin]);
+		err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc->baSourceID[pin]);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
-		err = check_input_term(state, desc[5 + pin], &iterm);
+		err = check_input_term(state, desc->baSourceID[pin], &iterm);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 		num_ins += iterm.channels;
@@ -1241,7 +1307,7 @@ static int parse_audio_mixer_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigne
 			int och, ich_has_controls = 0;
 
 			for (och = 0; och < num_outs; ++och) {
-				if (check_matrix_bitmap(desc + 9 + input_pins,
+				if (check_matrix_bitmap(uac_mixer_unit_bmControls(desc, state->mixer->protocol),
 							ich, och, num_outs)) {
 					ich_has_controls = 1;
 					break;
@@ -1377,8 +1443,8 @@ static struct procunit_info procunits[] = {
  * predefined data for extension units
  */
 static struct procunit_value_info clock_rate_xu_info[] = {
-       { USB_XU_CLOCK_RATE_SELECTOR, "Selector", USB_MIXER_U8, 0 },
-       { 0 }
+	{ USB_XU_CLOCK_RATE_SELECTOR, "Selector", USB_MIXER_U8, 0 },
+	{ 0 }
 };
 static struct procunit_value_info clock_source_xu_info[] = {
 	{ USB_XU_CLOCK_SOURCE_SELECTOR, "External", USB_MIXER_BOOLEAN },
@@ -1402,9 +1468,10 @@ static struct procunit_info extunits[] = {
 /*
  * build a processing/extension unit
  */
-static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned char *dsc, struct procunit_info *list, char *name)
+static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void *raw_desc, struct procunit_info *list, char *name)
 {
-	int num_ins = dsc[6];
+	struct uac_processing_unit_descriptor *desc = raw_desc;
+	int num_ins = desc->bNrInPins;
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 	int i, err, nameid, type, len;
@@ -1419,17 +1486,18 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned
 		0, NULL, default_value_info
 	};
 
-	if (dsc[0] < 13 || dsc[0] < 13 + num_ins || dsc[0] < num_ins + dsc[11 + num_ins]) {
+	if (desc->bLength < 13 || desc->bLength < 13 + num_ins ||
+	    desc->bLength < num_ins + uac_processing_unit_bControlSize(desc, state->mixer->protocol)) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid %s descriptor (id %d)\n", name, unitid);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num_ins; i++) {
-		if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, dsc[7 + i])) < 0)
+		if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc->baSourceID[i])) < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	type = combine_word(&dsc[4]);
+	type = le16_to_cpu(desc->wProcessType);
 	for (info = list; info && info->type; info++)
 		if (info->type == type)
 			break;
@@ -1437,8 +1505,9 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned
 		info = &default_info;
 
 	for (valinfo = info->values; valinfo->control; valinfo++) {
-		/* FIXME: bitmap might be longer than 8bit */
-		if (! (dsc[12 + num_ins] & (1 << (valinfo->control - 1))))
+		__u8 *controls = uac_processing_unit_bmControls(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
+
+		if (! (controls[valinfo->control / 8] & (1 << ((valinfo->control % 8) - 1))))
 			continue;
 		map = find_map(state, unitid, valinfo->control);
 		if (check_ignored_ctl(map))
@@ -1456,9 +1525,10 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned
 
 		/* get min/max values */
 		if (type == USB_PROC_UPDOWN && cval->control == USB_PROC_UPDOWN_MODE_SEL) {
+			__u8 *control_spec = uac_processing_unit_specific(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
 			/* FIXME: hard-coded */
 			cval->min = 1;
-			cval->max = dsc[15];
+			cval->max = control_spec[0];
 			cval->res = 1;
 			cval->initialized = 1;
 		} else {
@@ -1488,7 +1558,7 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned
 		else if (info->name)
 			strlcpy(kctl->id.name, info->name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 		else {
-			nameid = dsc[12 + num_ins + dsc[11 + num_ins]];
+			nameid = uac_processing_unit_iProcessing(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
 			len = 0;
 			if (nameid)
 				len = snd_usb_copy_string_desc(state, nameid, kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
@@ -1507,14 +1577,16 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned
 }
 
 
-static int parse_audio_processing_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned char *desc)
+static int parse_audio_processing_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void *raw_desc)
 {
-	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, desc, procunits, "Processing Unit");
+	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc, procunits, "Processing Unit");
 }
 
-static int parse_audio_extension_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned char *desc)
+static int parse_audio_extension_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void *raw_desc)
 {
-	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, desc, extunits, "Extension Unit");
+	/* Note that we parse extension units with processing unit descriptors.
+	 * That's ok as the layout is the same */
+	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc, extunits, "Extension Unit");
 }
 
 
@@ -1616,9 +1688,9 @@ static void usb_mixer_selector_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 /*
  * parse a selector unit
  */
-static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsigned char *desc)
+static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, void *raw_desc)
 {
-	unsigned int num_ins = desc[4];
+	struct uac_selector_unit_descriptor *desc = raw_desc;
 	unsigned int i, nameid, len;
 	int err;
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
@@ -1626,17 +1698,17 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsi
 	const struct usbmix_name_map *map;
 	char **namelist;
 
-	if (! num_ins || desc[0] < 5 + num_ins) {
+	if (!desc->bNrInPins || desc->bLength < 5 + desc->bNrInPins) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid SELECTOR UNIT descriptor %d\n", unitid);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < num_ins; i++) {
-		if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc[5 + i])) < 0)
+	for (i = 0; i < desc->bNrInPins; i++) {
+		if ((err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc->baSourceID[i])) < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	if (num_ins == 1) /* only one ? nonsense! */
+	if (desc->bNrInPins == 1) /* only one ? nonsense! */
 		return 0;
 
 	map = find_map(state, unitid, 0);
@@ -1653,18 +1725,18 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsi
 	cval->val_type = USB_MIXER_U8;
 	cval->channels = 1;
 	cval->min = 1;
-	cval->max = num_ins;
+	cval->max = desc->bNrInPins;
 	cval->res = 1;
 	cval->initialized = 1;
 
-	namelist = kmalloc(sizeof(char *) * num_ins, GFP_KERNEL);
+	namelist = kmalloc(sizeof(char *) * desc->bNrInPins, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (! namelist) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
 		kfree(cval);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 #define MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN	64
-	for (i = 0; i < num_ins; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < desc->bNrInPins; i++) {
 		struct usb_audio_term iterm;
 		len = 0;
 		namelist[i] = kmalloc(MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -1678,7 +1750,7 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsi
 		}
 		len = check_mapped_selector_name(state, unitid, i, namelist[i],
 						 MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN);
-		if (! len && check_input_term(state, desc[5 + i], &iterm) >= 0)
+		if (! len && check_input_term(state, desc->baSourceID[i], &iterm) >= 0)
 			len = get_term_name(state, &iterm, namelist[i], MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN, 0);
 		if (! len)
 			sprintf(namelist[i], "Input %d", i);
@@ -1694,7 +1766,7 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsi
 	kctl->private_value = (unsigned long)namelist;
 	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_selector_elem_free;
 
-	nameid = desc[desc[0] - 1];
+	nameid = uac_selector_unit_iSelector(desc);
 	len = check_mapped_name(map, kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 	if (len)
 		;
@@ -1713,7 +1785,7 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid, unsi
 	}
 
 	snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "[%d] SU [%s] items = %d\n",
-		    cval->id, kctl->id.name, num_ins);
+		    cval->id, kctl->id.name, desc->bNrInPins);
 	if ((err = add_control_to_empty(state, kctl)) < 0)
 		return err;
 
@@ -1748,9 +1820,17 @@ static int parse_audio_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid)
 	case UAC_FEATURE_UNIT:
 		return parse_audio_feature_unit(state, unitid, p1);
 	case UAC_PROCESSING_UNIT_V1:
-		return parse_audio_processing_unit(state, unitid, p1);
+	/*   UAC2_EFFECT_UNIT has the same value */
+		if (state->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1)
+			return parse_audio_processing_unit(state, unitid, p1);
+		else
+			return 0; /* FIXME - effect units not implemented yet */
 	case UAC_EXTENSION_UNIT_V1:
-		return parse_audio_extension_unit(state, unitid, p1);
+	/*   UAC2_PROCESSING_UNIT_V2 has the same value */
+		if (state->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1)
+			return parse_audio_extension_unit(state, unitid, p1);
+		else /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+			return parse_audio_processing_unit(state, unitid, p1);
 	default:
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "usbaudio: unit %u: unexpected type 0x%02x\n", unitid, p1[2]);
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1783,11 +1863,11 @@ static int snd_usb_mixer_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
  */
 static int snd_usb_mixer_controls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
-	struct uac_output_terminal_descriptor_v1 *desc;
 	struct mixer_build state;
 	int err;
 	const struct usbmix_ctl_map *map;
 	struct usb_host_interface *hostif;
+	void *p;
 
 	hostif = &usb_ifnum_to_if(mixer->chip->dev, mixer->ctrlif)->altsetting[0];
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
@@ -1806,23 +1886,39 @@ static int snd_usb_mixer_controls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 		}
 	}
 
-	desc = NULL;
-	while ((desc = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(hostif->extra, hostif->extralen, desc, UAC_OUTPUT_TERMINAL)) != NULL) {
-		if (desc->bLength < 9)
-			continue; /* invalid descriptor? */
-		set_bit(desc->bTerminalID, state.unitbitmap);  /* mark terminal ID as visited */
-		state.oterm.id = desc->bTerminalID;
-		state.oterm.type = le16_to_cpu(desc->wTerminalType);
-		state.oterm.name = desc->iTerminal;
-		err = parse_audio_unit(&state, desc->bSourceID);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
+	p = NULL;
+	while ((p = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(hostif->extra, hostif->extralen, p, UAC_OUTPUT_TERMINAL)) != NULL) {
+		if (mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+			struct uac_output_terminal_descriptor_v1 *desc = p;
+
+			if (desc->bLength < sizeof(*desc))
+				continue; /* invalid descriptor? */
+			set_bit(desc->bTerminalID, state.unitbitmap);  /* mark terminal ID as visited */
+			state.oterm.id = desc->bTerminalID;
+			state.oterm.type = le16_to_cpu(desc->wTerminalType);
+			state.oterm.name = desc->iTerminal;
+			err = parse_audio_unit(&state, desc->bSourceID);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+			struct uac2_output_terminal_descriptor *desc = p;
+
+			if (desc->bLength < sizeof(*desc))
+				continue; /* invalid descriptor? */
+			set_bit(desc->bTerminalID, state.unitbitmap);  /* mark terminal ID as visited */
+			state.oterm.id = desc->bTerminalID;
+			state.oterm.type = le16_to_cpu(desc->wTerminalType);
+			state.oterm.name = desc->iTerminal;
+			err = parse_audio_unit(&state, desc->bSourceID);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
-				    int unitid)
+void snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, int unitid)
 {
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *info;
 
@@ -1871,54 +1967,98 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 	}
 }
 
-static void snd_usb_mixer_memory_change(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
-					int unitid)
+static void snd_usb_mixer_interrupt_v2(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				       int attribute, int value, int index)
 {
-	if (!mixer->rc_cfg)
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *info;
+	__u8 unitid = (index >> 8) & 0xff;
+	__u8 control = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+	__u8 channel = value & 0xff;
+
+	if (channel >= MAX_CHANNELS) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s(): bogus channel number %d\n",
+				__func__, channel);
 		return;
-	/* unit ids specific to Extigy/Audigy 2 NX: */
-	switch (unitid) {
-	case 0: /* remote control */
-		mixer->rc_urb->dev = mixer->chip->dev;
-		usb_submit_urb(mixer->rc_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
-		break;
-	case 4: /* digital in jack */
-	case 7: /* line in jacks */
-	case 19: /* speaker out jacks */
-	case 20: /* headphones out jack */
-		break;
-	/* live24ext: 4 = line-in jack */
-	case 3:	/* hp-out jack (may actuate Mute) */
-		if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
-		    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048))
-			snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, mixer->rc_cfg->mute_mixer_id);
-		break;
-	default:
-		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "memory change in unknown unit %d\n", unitid);
-		break;
+	}
+
+	for (info = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; info; info = info->next_id_elem) {
+		if (info->control != control)
+			continue;
+
+		switch (attribute) {
+		case UAC2_CS_CUR:
+			/* invalidate cache, so the value is read from the device */
+			if (channel)
+				info->cached &= ~(1 << channel);
+			else /* master channel */
+				info->cached = 0;
+
+			snd_ctl_notify(mixer->chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE,
+					info->elem_id);
+			break;
+
+		case UAC2_CS_RANGE:
+			/* TODO */
+			break;
+
+		case UAC2_CS_MEM:
+			/* TODO */
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "unknown attribute %d in interrupt\n",
+						attribute);
+			break;
+		} /* switch */
 	}
 }
 
-static void snd_usb_mixer_status_complete(struct urb *urb)
+static void snd_usb_mixer_interrupt(struct urb *urb)
 {
 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = urb->context;
+	int len = urb->actual_length;
+
+	if (urb->status != 0)
+		goto requeue;
 
-	if (urb->status == 0) {
-		u8 *buf = urb->transfer_buffer;
-		int i;
+	if (mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+		struct uac1_status_word *status;
 
-		for (i = urb->actual_length; i >= 2; buf += 2, i -= 2) {
+		for (status = urb->transfer_buffer;
+		     len >= sizeof(*status);
+		     len -= sizeof(*status), status++) {
 			snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "status interrupt: %02x %02x\n",
-				   buf[0], buf[1]);
+						status->bStatusType,
+						status->bOriginator);
+
 			/* ignore any notifications not from the control interface */
-			if ((buf[0] & 0x0f) != 0)
+			if ((status->bStatusType & UAC1_STATUS_TYPE_ORIG_MASK) !=
+				UAC1_STATUS_TYPE_ORIG_AUDIO_CONTROL_IF)
 				continue;
-			if (!(buf[0] & 0x40))
-				snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, buf[1]);
+
+			if (status->bStatusType & UAC1_STATUS_TYPE_MEM_CHANGED)
+				snd_usb_mixer_rc_memory_change(mixer, status->bOriginator);
 			else
-				snd_usb_mixer_memory_change(mixer, buf[1]);
+				snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, status->bOriginator);
+		}
+	} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
+		struct uac2_interrupt_data_msg *msg;
+
+		for (msg = urb->transfer_buffer;
+		     len >= sizeof(*msg);
+		     len -= sizeof(*msg), msg++) {
+			/* drop vendor specific and endpoint requests */
+			if ((msg->bInfo & UAC2_INTERRUPT_DATA_MSG_VENDOR) ||
+			    (msg->bInfo & UAC2_INTERRUPT_DATA_MSG_EP))
+				continue;
+
+			snd_usb_mixer_interrupt_v2(mixer, msg->bAttribute,
+						   le16_to_cpu(msg->wValue),
+						   le16_to_cpu(msg->wIndex));
 		}
 	}
+
+requeue:
 	if (urb->status != -ENOENT && urb->status != -ECONNRESET) {
 		urb->dev = mixer->chip->dev;
 		usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
@@ -1955,301 +2095,11 @@ static int snd_usb_mixer_status_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 	usb_fill_int_urb(mixer->urb, mixer->chip->dev,
 			 usb_rcvintpipe(mixer->chip->dev, epnum),
 			 transfer_buffer, buffer_length,
-			 snd_usb_mixer_status_complete, mixer, ep->bInterval);
+			 snd_usb_mixer_interrupt, mixer, ep->bInterval);
 	usb_submit_urb(mixer->urb, GFP_KERNEL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_complete(struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = urb->context;
-	const struct rc_config *rc = mixer->rc_cfg;
-	u32 code;
-
-	if (urb->status < 0 || urb->actual_length < rc->min_packet_length)
-		return;
-
-	code = mixer->rc_buffer[rc->offset];
-	if (rc->length == 2)
-		code |= mixer->rc_buffer[rc->offset + 1] << 8;
-
-	/* the Mute button actually changes the mixer control */
-	if (code == rc->mute_code)
-		snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, rc->mute_mixer_id);
-	mixer->rc_code = code;
-	wmb();
-	wake_up(&mixer->rc_waitq);
-}
-
-static long snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_read(struct snd_hwdep *hw, char __user *buf,
-				     long count, loff_t *offset)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = hw->private_data;
-	int err;
-	u32 rc_code;
-
-	if (count != 1 && count != 4)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	err = wait_event_interruptible(mixer->rc_waitq,
-				       (rc_code = xchg(&mixer->rc_code, 0)) != 0);
-	if (err == 0) {
-		if (count == 1)
-			err = put_user(rc_code, buf);
-		else
-			err = put_user(rc_code, (u32 __user *)buf);
-	}
-	return err < 0 ? err : count;
-}
-
-static unsigned int snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_poll(struct snd_hwdep *hw, struct file *file,
-					    poll_table *wait)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = hw->private_data;
-
-	poll_wait(file, &mixer->rc_waitq, wait);
-	return mixer->rc_code ? POLLIN | POLLRDNORM : 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_init(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
-{
-	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
-	int err, len, i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rc_configs); ++i)
-		if (rc_configs[i].usb_id == mixer->chip->usb_id)
-			break;
-	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rc_configs))
-		return 0;
-	mixer->rc_cfg = &rc_configs[i];
-
-	len = mixer->rc_cfg->packet_length;
-	
-	init_waitqueue_head(&mixer->rc_waitq);
-	err = snd_hwdep_new(mixer->chip->card, "SB remote control", 0, &hwdep);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	snprintf(hwdep->name, sizeof(hwdep->name),
-		 "%s remote control", mixer->chip->card->shortname);
-	hwdep->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_SB_RC;
-	hwdep->private_data = mixer;
-	hwdep->ops.read = snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_read;
-	hwdep->ops.poll = snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_poll;
-	hwdep->exclusive = 1;
-
-	mixer->rc_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!mixer->rc_urb)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet = kmalloc(sizeof(*mixer->rc_setup_packet), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!mixer->rc_setup_packet) {
-		usb_free_urb(mixer->rc_urb);
-		mixer->rc_urb = NULL;
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet->bRequestType =
-		USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet->bRequest = UAC_GET_MEM;
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wValue = cpu_to_le16(0);
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(0);
-	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wLength = cpu_to_le16(len);
-	usb_fill_control_urb(mixer->rc_urb, mixer->chip->dev,
-			     usb_rcvctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
-			     (u8*)mixer->rc_setup_packet, mixer->rc_buffer, len,
-			     snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_complete, mixer);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#define snd_audigy2nx_led_info		snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info
-
-static int snd_audigy2nx_led_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
-
-	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_audigy2nx_led_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
-	int value = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
-	int err, changed;
-
-	if (value > 1)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	changed = value != mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
-			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
-			      value, index + 2, NULL, 0, 100);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index] = value;
-	return changed;
-}
-
-static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_audigy2nx_controls[] = {
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "CMSS LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 0,
-	},
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "Power LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 1,
-	},
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "Dolby Digital LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 2,
-	},
-};
-
-static int snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
-{
-	int i, err;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_audigy2nx_controls); ++i) {
-		if (i > 1 && /* Live24ext has 2 LEDs only */
-			(mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
-			 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048)))
-			break; 
-		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-				  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_audigy2nx_controls[i], mixer));
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[1] = 1; /* Power LED is on by default */
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void snd_audigy2nx_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
-				    struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	static const struct sb_jack {
-		int unitid;
-		const char *name;
-	}  jacks_audigy2nx[] = {
-		{4,  "dig in "},
-		{7,  "line in"},
-		{19, "spk out"},
-		{20, "hph out"},
-		{-1, NULL}
-	}, jacks_live24ext[] = {
-		{4,  "line in"}, /* &1=Line, &2=Mic*/
-		{3,  "hph out"}, /* headphones */
-		{0,  "RC     "}, /* last command, 6 bytes see rc_config above */
-		{-1, NULL}
-	};
-	const struct sb_jack *jacks;
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = entry->private_data;
-	int i, err;
-	u8 buf[3];
-
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s jacks\n\n", mixer->chip->card->shortname);
-	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020))
-		jacks = jacks_audigy2nx;
-	else if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
-		 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048))
-		jacks = jacks_live24ext;
-	else
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; jacks[i].name; ++i) {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s: ", jacks[i].name);
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-				      usb_rcvctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
-				      UAC_GET_MEM, USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS |
-				      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE, 0,
-				      jacks[i].unitid << 8, buf, 3, 100);
-		if (err == 3 && (buf[0] == 3 || buf[0] == 6))
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02x %02x\n", buf[1], buf[2]);
-		else
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "?\n");
-	}
-}
-
-static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-
-	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = !!(mixer->xonar_u1_status & 0x02);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	u8 old_status, new_status;
-	int err, changed;
-
-	old_status = mixer->xonar_u1_status;
-	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0])
-		new_status = old_status | 0x02;
-	else
-		new_status = old_status & ~0x02;
-	changed = new_status != old_status;
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x08,
-			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
-			      50, 0, &new_status, 1, 100);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->xonar_u1_status = new_status;
-	return changed;
-}
-
-static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_xonar_u1_output_switch = {
-	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-	.name = "Digital Playback Switch",
-	.info = snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info,
-	.get = snd_xonar_u1_switch_get,
-	.put = snd_xonar_u1_switch_put,
-};
-
-static int snd_xonar_u1_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-			  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_xonar_u1_output_switch, mixer));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->xonar_u1_status = 0x05;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-			       unsigned char samplerate_id)
-{
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
-	int unitid = 12; /* SamleRate ExtensionUnit ID */
-
-	list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
-		cval = mixer->id_elems[unitid];
-		if (cval) {
-			set_cur_ctl_value(cval, cval->control << 8,
-					  samplerate_id);
-			snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, unitid);
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
 int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
 			 int ignore_error)
 {
@@ -2259,7 +2109,7 @@ int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
 	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
 	struct usb_host_interface *host_iface;
-	int err, protocol;
+	int err;
 
 	strcpy(chip->card->mixername, "USB Mixer");
 
@@ -2277,38 +2127,13 @@ int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
 	}
 
 	host_iface = &usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, ctrlif)->altsetting[0];
-	protocol = host_iface->desc.bInterfaceProtocol;
-
-	/* FIXME! */
-	if (protocol != UAC_VERSION_1) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "mixer interface protocol 0x%02x not yet supported\n",
-					protocol);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	mixer->protocol = get_iface_desc(host_iface)->bInterfaceProtocol;
 
 	if ((err = snd_usb_mixer_controls(mixer)) < 0 ||
 	    (err = snd_usb_mixer_status_create(mixer)) < 0)
 		goto _error;
 
-	if ((err = snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_init(mixer)) < 0)
-		goto _error;
-
-	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020) ||
-	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
-	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048)) {
-		if ((err = snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(mixer)) < 0)
-			goto _error;
-		if (!snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "audigy2nx", &entry))
-			snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, mixer,
-					      snd_audigy2nx_proc_read);
-	}
-
-	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0b05, 0x1739) ||
-	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0b05, 0x1743)) {
-		err = snd_xonar_u1_controls_create(mixer);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto _error;
-	}
+	snd_usb_mixer_apply_create_quirk(mixer);
 
 	err = snd_device_new(chip->card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, mixer, &dev_ops);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -2329,7 +2154,7 @@ _error:
 void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct list_head *p)
 {
 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	
+
 	mixer = list_entry(p, struct usb_mixer_interface, list);
 	usb_kill_urb(mixer->urb);
 	usb_kill_urb(mixer->rc_urb);
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer.h b/sound/usb/mixer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..130123854a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifndef __USBMIXER_H
+#define __USBMIXER_H
+
+struct usb_mixer_interface {
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	unsigned int ctrlif;
+	struct list_head list;
+	unsigned int ignore_ctl_error;
+	struct urb *urb;
+	/* array[MAX_ID_ELEMS], indexed by unit id */
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info **id_elems;
+
+	/* the usb audio specification version this interface complies to */
+	int protocol;
+
+	/* Sound Blaster remote control stuff */
+	const struct rc_config *rc_cfg;
+	u32 rc_code;
+	wait_queue_head_t rc_waitq;
+	struct urb *rc_urb;
+	struct usb_ctrlrequest *rc_setup_packet;
+	u8 rc_buffer[6];
+
+	u8 audigy2nx_leds[3];
+	u8 xonar_u1_status;
+};
+
+#define MAX_CHANNELS	10	/* max logical channels */
+
+struct usb_mixer_elem_info {
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *next_id_elem; /* list of controls with same id */
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_id *elem_id;
+	unsigned int id;
+	unsigned int control;	/* CS or ICN (high byte) */
+	unsigned int cmask; /* channel mask bitmap: 0 = master */
+	int channels;
+	int val_type;
+	int min, max, res;
+	int dBmin, dBmax;
+	int cached;
+	int cache_val[MAX_CHANNELS];
+	u8 initialized;
+};
+
+int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
+			 int ignore_error);
+void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct list_head *p);
+
+void snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, int unitid);
+
+int snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
+				int request, int validx, int value_set);
+
+#endif /* __USBMIXER_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbmixer_maps.c b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
index 79e903a6086..d93fc89beba 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbmixer_maps.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ static struct usbmix_name_map extigy_map[] = {
 	/* 16: MU (w/o controls) */
 	{ 17, NULL, 1 }, /* DISABLED: PU-switch (any effect?) */
 	{ 17, "Channel Routing", 2 },	/* PU: mode select */
-	{ 18, "Tone Control - Bass", USB_FEATURE_BASS }, /* FU */
-	{ 18, "Tone Control - Treble", USB_FEATURE_TREBLE }, /* FU */
+	{ 18, "Tone Control - Bass", UAC_BASS_CONTROL }, /* FU */
+	{ 18, "Tone Control - Treble", UAC_TREBLE_CONTROL }, /* FU */
 	{ 18, "Master Playback" }, /* FU; others */
 	/* 19: OT speaker */
 	/* 20: OT headphone */
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e7df1e5e3f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+/*
+ *   USB Audio Driver for ALSA
+ *
+ *   Quirks and vendor-specific extensions for mixer interfaces
+ *
+ *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
+ *	    Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
+ *	    Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
+ *
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/hwdep.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "mixer.h"
+#include "mixer_quirks.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+
+/*
+ * Sound Blaster remote control configuration
+ *
+ * format of remote control data:
+ * Extigy:       xx 00
+ * Audigy 2 NX:  06 80 xx 00 00 00
+ * Live! 24-bit: 06 80 xx yy 22 83
+ */
+static const struct rc_config {
+	u32 usb_id;
+	u8  offset;
+	u8  length;
+	u8  packet_length;
+	u8  min_packet_length; /* minimum accepted length of the URB result */
+	u8  mute_mixer_id;
+	u32 mute_code;
+} rc_configs[] = {
+	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000), 0, 1, 2, 1,  18, 0x0013 }, /* Extigy       */
+	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020), 2, 1, 6, 6,  18, 0x0013 }, /* Audigy 2 NX  */
+	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040), 2, 2, 6, 6,  2,  0x6e91 }, /* Live! 24-bit */
+	{ USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048), 2, 2, 6, 6,  2,  0x6e91 }, /* Toshiba SB0500 */
+};
+
+static void snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_complete(struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = urb->context;
+	const struct rc_config *rc = mixer->rc_cfg;
+	u32 code;
+
+	if (urb->status < 0 || urb->actual_length < rc->min_packet_length)
+		return;
+
+	code = mixer->rc_buffer[rc->offset];
+	if (rc->length == 2)
+		code |= mixer->rc_buffer[rc->offset + 1] << 8;
+
+	/* the Mute button actually changes the mixer control */
+	if (code == rc->mute_code)
+		snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, rc->mute_mixer_id);
+	mixer->rc_code = code;
+	wmb();
+	wake_up(&mixer->rc_waitq);
+}
+
+static long snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_read(struct snd_hwdep *hw, char __user *buf,
+				     long count, loff_t *offset)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = hw->private_data;
+	int err;
+	u32 rc_code;
+
+	if (count != 1 && count != 4)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	err = wait_event_interruptible(mixer->rc_waitq,
+				       (rc_code = xchg(&mixer->rc_code, 0)) != 0);
+	if (err == 0) {
+		if (count == 1)
+			err = put_user(rc_code, buf);
+		else
+			err = put_user(rc_code, (u32 __user *)buf);
+	}
+	return err < 0 ? err : count;
+}
+
+static unsigned int snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_poll(struct snd_hwdep *hw, struct file *file,
+					    poll_table *wait)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = hw->private_data;
+
+	poll_wait(file, &mixer->rc_waitq, wait);
+	return mixer->rc_code ? POLLIN | POLLRDNORM : 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_init(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
+	int err, len, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rc_configs); ++i)
+		if (rc_configs[i].usb_id == mixer->chip->usb_id)
+			break;
+	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rc_configs))
+		return 0;
+	mixer->rc_cfg = &rc_configs[i];
+
+	len = mixer->rc_cfg->packet_length;
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&mixer->rc_waitq);
+	err = snd_hwdep_new(mixer->chip->card, "SB remote control", 0, &hwdep);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	snprintf(hwdep->name, sizeof(hwdep->name),
+		 "%s remote control", mixer->chip->card->shortname);
+	hwdep->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_SB_RC;
+	hwdep->private_data = mixer;
+	hwdep->ops.read = snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_read;
+	hwdep->ops.poll = snd_usb_sbrc_hwdep_poll;
+	hwdep->exclusive = 1;
+
+	mixer->rc_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!mixer->rc_urb)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet = kmalloc(sizeof(*mixer->rc_setup_packet), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!mixer->rc_setup_packet) {
+		usb_free_urb(mixer->rc_urb);
+		mixer->rc_urb = NULL;
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet->bRequestType =
+		USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet->bRequest = UAC_GET_MEM;
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wValue = cpu_to_le16(0);
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(0);
+	mixer->rc_setup_packet->wLength = cpu_to_le16(len);
+	usb_fill_control_urb(mixer->rc_urb, mixer->chip->dev,
+			     usb_rcvctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+			     (u8*)mixer->rc_setup_packet, mixer->rc_buffer, len,
+			     snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_complete, mixer);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define snd_audigy2nx_led_info		snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info
+
+static int snd_audigy2nx_led_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
+
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_audigy2nx_led_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
+	int value = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+	int err, changed;
+
+	if (value > 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	changed = value != mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
+			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
+			      value, index + 2, NULL, 0, 100);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index] = value;
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_audigy2nx_controls[] = {
+	{
+		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+		.name = "CMSS LED Switch",
+		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
+		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
+		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
+		.private_value = 0,
+	},
+	{
+		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+		.name = "Power LED Switch",
+		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
+		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
+		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
+		.private_value = 1,
+	},
+	{
+		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+		.name = "Dolby Digital LED Switch",
+		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
+		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
+		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
+		.private_value = 2,
+	},
+};
+
+static int snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int i, err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_audigy2nx_controls); ++i) {
+		if (i > 1 && /* Live24ext has 2 LEDs only */
+			(mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
+			 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048)))
+			break; 
+		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
+				  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_audigy2nx_controls[i], mixer));
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[1] = 1; /* Power LED is on by default */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_audigy2nx_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
+				    struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	static const struct sb_jack {
+		int unitid;
+		const char *name;
+	}  jacks_audigy2nx[] = {
+		{4,  "dig in "},
+		{7,  "line in"},
+		{19, "spk out"},
+		{20, "hph out"},
+		{-1, NULL}
+	}, jacks_live24ext[] = {
+		{4,  "line in"}, /* &1=Line, &2=Mic*/
+		{3,  "hph out"}, /* headphones */
+		{0,  "RC     "}, /* last command, 6 bytes see rc_config above */
+		{-1, NULL}
+	};
+	const struct sb_jack *jacks;
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = entry->private_data;
+	int i, err;
+	u8 buf[3];
+
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s jacks\n\n", mixer->chip->card->shortname);
+	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020))
+		jacks = jacks_audigy2nx;
+	else if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
+		 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048))
+		jacks = jacks_live24ext;
+	else
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; jacks[i].name; ++i) {
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s: ", jacks[i].name);
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
+				      usb_rcvctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+				      UAC_GET_MEM, USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE, 0,
+				      jacks[i].unitid << 8, buf, 3, 100);
+		if (err == 3 && (buf[0] == 3 || buf[0] == 6))
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02x %02x\n", buf[1], buf[2]);
+		else
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "?\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = !!(mixer->xonar_u1_status & 0x02);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	u8 old_status, new_status;
+	int err, changed;
+
+	old_status = mixer->xonar_u1_status;
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0])
+		new_status = old_status | 0x02;
+	else
+		new_status = old_status & ~0x02;
+	changed = new_status != old_status;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x08,
+			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
+			      50, 0, &new_status, 1, 100);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	mixer->xonar_u1_status = new_status;
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_xonar_u1_output_switch = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "Digital Playback Switch",
+	.info = snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info,
+	.get = snd_xonar_u1_switch_get,
+	.put = snd_xonar_u1_switch_put,
+};
+
+static int snd_xonar_u1_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
+			  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_xonar_u1_output_switch, mixer));
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	mixer->xonar_u1_status = 0x05;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			       unsigned char samplerate_id)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
+	int unitid = 12; /* SamleRate ExtensionUnit ID */
+
+	list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
+		cval = mixer->id_elems[unitid];
+		if (cval) {
+			snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR,
+						    cval->control << 8,
+						    samplerate_id);
+			snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, unitid);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+int snd_usb_mixer_apply_create_quirk(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
+
+	if ((err = snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_init(mixer)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020) ||
+	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
+	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048)) {
+		if ((err = snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(mixer)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		if (!snd_card_proc_new(mixer->chip->card, "audigy2nx", &entry))
+			snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, mixer,
+					      snd_audigy2nx_proc_read);
+	}
+
+	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0b05, 0x1739) ||
+	    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0b05, 0x1743)) {
+		err = snd_xonar_u1_controls_create(mixer);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void snd_usb_mixer_rc_memory_change(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				    int unitid)
+{
+	if (!mixer->rc_cfg)
+		return;
+	/* unit ids specific to Extigy/Audigy 2 NX: */
+	switch (unitid) {
+	case 0: /* remote control */
+		mixer->rc_urb->dev = mixer->chip->dev;
+		usb_submit_urb(mixer->rc_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		break;
+	case 4: /* digital in jack */
+	case 7: /* line in jacks */
+	case 19: /* speaker out jacks */
+	case 20: /* headphones out jack */
+		break;
+	/* live24ext: 4 = line-in jack */
+	case 3:	/* hp-out jack (may actuate Mute) */
+		if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3040) ||
+		    mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048))
+			snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(mixer, mixer->rc_cfg->mute_mixer_id);
+		break;
+	default:
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "memory change in unknown unit %d\n", unitid);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.h b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bdbfab09381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef SND_USB_MIXER_QUIRKS_H
+#define SND_USB_MIXER_QUIRKS_H
+
+int snd_usb_mixer_apply_create_quirk(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer);
+
+void snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			       unsigned char samplerate_id);
+
+void snd_usb_mixer_rc_memory_change(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				    int unitid);
+
+#endif /* SND_USB_MIXER_QUIRKS_H */
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/pcm.c b/sound/usb/pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2bf0d77d176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "urb.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+
+/*
+ * return the current pcm pointer.  just based on the hwptr_done value.
+ */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_usb_pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
+	unsigned int hwptr_done;
+
+	subs = (struct snd_usb_substream *)substream->runtime->private_data;
+	spin_lock(&subs->lock);
+	hwptr_done = subs->hwptr_done;
+	spin_unlock(&subs->lock);
+	return hwptr_done / (substream->runtime->frame_bits >> 3);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find a matching audio format
+ */
+static struct audioformat *find_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, unsigned int format,
+				       unsigned int rate, unsigned int channels)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct audioformat *found = NULL;
+	int cur_attr = 0, attr;
+
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		if (!(fp->formats & (1uLL << format)))
+			continue;
+		if (fp->channels != channels)
+			continue;
+		if (rate < fp->rate_min || rate > fp->rate_max)
+			continue;
+		if (! (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)) {
+			unsigned int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++)
+				if (fp->rate_table[i] == rate)
+					break;
+			if (i >= fp->nr_rates)
+				continue;
+		}
+		attr = fp->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+		if (! found) {
+			found = fp;
+			cur_attr = attr;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* avoid async out and adaptive in if the other method
+		 * supports the same format.
+		 * this is a workaround for the case like
+		 * M-audio audiophile USB.
+		 */
+		if (attr != cur_attr) {
+			if ((attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
+			    (attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE))
+				continue;
+			if ((cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
+			    (cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
+			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)) {
+				found = fp;
+				cur_attr = attr;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		/* find the format with the largest max. packet size */
+		if (fp->maxpacksize > found->maxpacksize) {
+			found = fp;
+			cur_attr = attr;
+		}
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+static int init_pitch_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+			 struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+			 struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned int ep;
+	unsigned char data[1];
+	int err;
+
+	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
+
+	/* if endpoint doesn't have pitch control, bail out */
+	if (!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL))
+		return 0;
+
+	data[0] = 1;
+	if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
+				   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_OUT,
+				   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL << 8, ep,
+				   data, sizeof(data), 1000)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: cannot set enable PITCH\n",
+			   dev->devnum, iface, ep);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize the picth control and sample rate
+ */
+int snd_usb_init_pitch(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+		       struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+		       struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+
+	switch (altsd->bInterfaceProtocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+		return init_pitch_v1(chip, iface, alts, fmt);
+
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+		/* not implemented yet */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int set_sample_rate_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+			      struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned int ep;
+	unsigned char data[3];
+	int err, crate;
+
+	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
+	/* if endpoint doesn't have sampling rate control, bail out */
+	if (!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE)) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%d:%d: endpoint lacks sample rate attribute bit, cannot set.\n",
+				   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	data[0] = rate;
+	data[1] = rate >> 8;
+	data[2] = rate >> 16;
+	if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
+				   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_OUT,
+				   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep,
+				   data, sizeof(data), 1000)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: cannot set freq %d to ep %#x\n",
+			   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting, rate, ep);
+		return err;
+	}
+	if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
+				   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_IN,
+				   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep,
+				   data, sizeof(data), 1000)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%d:%d: cannot get freq at ep %#x\n",
+			   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting, ep);
+		return 0; /* some devices don't support reading */
+	}
+	crate = data[0] | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16);
+	if (crate != rate) {
+		snd_printd(KERN_WARNING "current rate %d is different from the runtime rate %d\n", crate, rate);
+		// runtime->rate = crate;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_sample_rate_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+			      struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
+	unsigned char data[4];
+	int err, crate;
+
+	data[0] = rate;
+	data[1] = rate >> 8;
+	data[2] = rate >> 16;
+	data[3] = rate >> 24;
+	if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
+				   USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_OUT,
+				   UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8, chip->clock_id << 8,
+				   data, sizeof(data), 1000)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: cannot set freq %d (v2)\n",
+			   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting, rate);
+		return err;
+	}
+	if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
+				   USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
+				   UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8, chip->clock_id << 8,
+				   data, sizeof(data), 1000)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%d:%d: cannot get freq (v2)\n",
+			   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting);
+		return err;
+	}
+	crate = data[0] | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16) | (data[3] << 24);
+	if (crate != rate)
+		snd_printd(KERN_WARNING "current rate %d is different from the runtime rate %d\n", crate, rate);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_init_sample_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+			     struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+			     struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
+{
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+
+	switch (altsd->bInterfaceProtocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+		return set_sample_rate_v1(chip, iface, alts, fmt, rate);
+
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+		return set_sample_rate_v2(chip, iface, alts, fmt, rate);
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find a matching format and set up the interface
+ */
+static int set_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = subs->dev;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	struct usb_interface *iface;
+	unsigned int ep, attr;
+	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+	int err;
+
+	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, fmt->iface);
+	if (WARN_ON(!iface))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	alts = &iface->altsetting[fmt->altset_idx];
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+	if (WARN_ON(altsd->bAlternateSetting != fmt->altsetting))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (fmt == subs->cur_audiofmt)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* close the old interface */
+	if (subs->interface >= 0 && subs->interface != fmt->iface) {
+		if (usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0) < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: return to setting 0 failed\n",
+				dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+		subs->interface = -1;
+		subs->altset_idx = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* set interface */
+	if (subs->interface != fmt->iface || subs->altset_idx != fmt->altset_idx) {
+		if (usb_set_interface(dev, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting) < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: usb_set_interface failed\n",
+				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "setting usb interface %d:%d\n", fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+		subs->interface = fmt->iface;
+		subs->altset_idx = fmt->altset_idx;
+	}
+
+	/* create a data pipe */
+	ep = fmt->endpoint & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
+	if (is_playback)
+		subs->datapipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
+	else
+		subs->datapipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
+	subs->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
+	subs->syncpipe = subs->syncinterval = 0;
+	subs->maxpacksize = fmt->maxpacksize;
+	subs->fill_max = 0;
+
+	/* we need a sync pipe in async OUT or adaptive IN mode */
+	/* check the number of EP, since some devices have broken
+	 * descriptors which fool us.  if it has only one EP,
+	 * assume it as adaptive-out or sync-in.
+	 */
+	attr = fmt->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+	if (((is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC) ||
+	     (! is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE)) &&
+	    altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2) {
+		/* check sync-pipe endpoint */
+		/* ... and check descriptor size before accessing bSynchAddress
+		   because there is a version of the SB Audigy 2 NX firmware lacking
+		   the audio fields in the endpoint descriptors */
+		if ((get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) != 0x01 ||
+		    (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+		     get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress != 0)) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
+				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		ep = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bEndpointAddress;
+		if (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+		    (( is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress | USB_DIR_IN)) ||
+		     (!is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress & ~USB_DIR_IN)))) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
+				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		ep &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
+		if (is_playback)
+			subs->syncpipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
+		else
+			subs->syncpipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
+		if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh >= 1 &&
+		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh <= 9)
+			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh;
+		else if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+			subs->syncinterval = 1;
+		else if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval >= 1 &&
+			 get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval <= 16)
+			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval - 1;
+		else
+			subs->syncinterval = 3;
+	}
+
+	/* always fill max packet size */
+	if (fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX)
+		subs->fill_max = 1;
+
+	if ((err = snd_usb_init_pitch(subs->stream->chip, subs->interface, alts, fmt)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	subs->cur_audiofmt = fmt;
+
+	snd_usb_set_format_quirk(subs, fmt);
+
+#if 0
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG
+	       "setting done: format = %d, rate = %d..%d, channels = %d\n",
+	       fmt->format, fmt->rate_min, fmt->rate_max, fmt->channels);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG
+	       "  datapipe = 0x%0x, syncpipe = 0x%0x\n",
+	       subs->datapipe, subs->syncpipe);
+#endif
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hw_params callback
+ *
+ * allocate a buffer and set the given audio format.
+ *
+ * so far we use a physically linear buffer although packetize transfer
+ * doesn't need a continuous area.
+ * if sg buffer is supported on the later version of alsa, we'll follow
+ * that.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	struct audioformat *fmt;
+	unsigned int channels, rate, format;
+	int ret, changed;
+
+	ret = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
+					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	format = params_format(hw_params);
+	rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+	channels = params_channels(hw_params);
+	fmt = find_format(subs, format, rate, channels);
+	if (!fmt) {
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "cannot set format: format = %#x, rate = %d, channels = %d\n",
+			   format, rate, channels);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	changed = subs->cur_audiofmt != fmt ||
+		subs->period_bytes != params_period_bytes(hw_params) ||
+		subs->cur_rate != rate;
+	if ((ret = set_format(subs, fmt)) < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (subs->cur_rate != rate) {
+		struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+		struct usb_interface *iface;
+		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(subs->dev, fmt->iface);
+		alts = &iface->altsetting[fmt->altset_idx];
+		ret = snd_usb_init_sample_rate(subs->stream->chip, subs->interface, alts, fmt, rate);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+		subs->cur_rate = rate;
+	}
+
+	if (changed) {
+		/* format changed */
+		snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
+		/* influenced: period_bytes, channels, rate, format, */
+		ret = snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(subs, params_period_bytes(hw_params),
+						  params_rate(hw_params),
+						  snd_pcm_format_physical_width(params_format(hw_params)) *
+							params_channels(hw_params));
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hw_free callback
+ *
+ * reset the audio format and release the buffer
+ */
+static int snd_usb_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	subs->cur_audiofmt = NULL;
+	subs->cur_rate = 0;
+	subs->period_bytes = 0;
+	if (!subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
+		snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare callback
+ *
+ * only a few subtle things...
+ */
+static int snd_usb_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = runtime->private_data;
+
+	if (! subs->cur_audiofmt) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "usbaudio: no format is specified!\n");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	/* some unit conversions in runtime */
+	subs->maxframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->maxpacksize);
+	subs->curframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->curpacksize);
+
+	/* reset the pointer */
+	subs->hwptr_done = 0;
+	subs->transfer_done = 0;
+	subs->phase = 0;
+	runtime->delay = 0;
+
+	return snd_usb_substream_prepare(subs, runtime);
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_usb_hardware =
+{
+	.info =			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	1024 * 1024,
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	512 * 1024,
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+};
+
+static int hw_check_valid_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				 struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	struct snd_interval *ct = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	struct snd_mask *fmts = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+	struct snd_interval *pt = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
+	struct snd_mask check_fmts;
+	unsigned int ptime;
+
+	/* check the format */
+	snd_mask_none(&check_fmts);
+	check_fmts.bits[0] = (u32)fp->formats;
+	check_fmts.bits[1] = (u32)(fp->formats >> 32);
+	snd_mask_intersect(&check_fmts, fmts);
+	if (snd_mask_empty(&check_fmts)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: no supported format %d\n", fp->format);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check the channels */
+	if (fp->channels < ct->min || fp->channels > ct->max) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: no valid channels %d (%d/%d)\n", fp->channels, ct->min, ct->max);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check the rate is within the range */
+	if (fp->rate_min > it->max || (fp->rate_min == it->max && it->openmax)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_min %d > max %d\n", fp->rate_min, it->max);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (fp->rate_max < it->min || (fp->rate_max == it->min && it->openmin)) {
+		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_max %d < min %d\n", fp->rate_max, it->min);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* check whether the period time is >= the data packet interval */
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
+		ptime = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
+		if (ptime > pt->max || (ptime == pt->max && pt->openmax)) {
+			hwc_debug("   > check: ptime %u > max %u\n", ptime, pt->max);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_rate(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	unsigned int rmin, rmax;
+	int changed;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_rate: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	changed = 0;
+	rmin = rmax = 0;
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		if (changed++) {
+			if (rmin > fp->rate_min)
+				rmin = fp->rate_min;
+			if (rmax < fp->rate_max)
+				rmax = fp->rate_max;
+		} else {
+			rmin = fp->rate_min;
+			rmax = fp->rate_max;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!changed) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	changed = 0;
+	if (it->min < rmin) {
+		it->min = rmin;
+		it->openmin = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (it->max > rmax) {
+		it->max = rmax;
+		it->openmax = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	hwc_debug("  --> (%d, %d) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+
+static int hw_rule_channels(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	unsigned int rmin, rmax;
+	int changed;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_channels: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	changed = 0;
+	rmin = rmax = 0;
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		if (changed++) {
+			if (rmin > fp->channels)
+				rmin = fp->channels;
+			if (rmax < fp->channels)
+				rmax = fp->channels;
+		} else {
+			rmin = fp->channels;
+			rmax = fp->channels;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!changed) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	changed = 0;
+	if (it->min < rmin) {
+		it->min = rmin;
+		it->openmin = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (it->max > rmax) {
+		it->max = rmax;
+		it->openmax = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	hwc_debug("  --> (%d, %d) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_mask *fmt = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+	u64 fbits;
+	u32 oldbits[2];
+	int changed;
+
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_format: %x:%x\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1]);
+	fbits = 0;
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		fbits |= fp->formats;
+	}
+
+	oldbits[0] = fmt->bits[0];
+	oldbits[1] = fmt->bits[1];
+	fmt->bits[0] &= (u32)fbits;
+	fmt->bits[1] &= (u32)(fbits >> 32);
+	if (!fmt->bits[0] && !fmt->bits[1]) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	changed = (oldbits[0] != fmt->bits[0] || oldbits[1] != fmt->bits[1]);
+	hwc_debug("  --> %x:%x (changed = %d)\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1], changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int hw_rule_period_time(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+			       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
+	struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct snd_interval *it;
+	unsigned char min_datainterval;
+	unsigned int pmin;
+	int changed;
+
+	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
+	hwc_debug("hw_rule_period_time: (%u,%u)\n", it->min, it->max);
+	min_datainterval = 0xff;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
+			continue;
+		min_datainterval = min(min_datainterval, fp->datainterval);
+	}
+	if (min_datainterval == 0xff) {
+		hwc_debug("  --> get emtpy\n");
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	pmin = 125 * (1 << min_datainterval);
+	changed = 0;
+	if (it->min < pmin) {
+		it->min = pmin;
+		it->openmin = 0;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
+		it->empty = 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	hwc_debug("  --> (%u,%u) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  If the device supports unusual bit rates, does the request meet these?
+ */
+static int snd_usb_pcm_check_knot(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				  struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct audioformat *fp;
+	int count = 0, needs_knot = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
+			return 0;
+		count += fp->nr_rates;
+		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT)
+			needs_knot = 1;
+	}
+	if (!needs_knot)
+		return 0;
+
+	subs->rate_list.count = count;
+	subs->rate_list.list = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
+	subs->rate_list.mask = 0;
+	count = 0;
+	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++)
+			subs->rate_list.list[count++] = fp->rate_table[i];
+	}
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+					 &subs->rate_list);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set up the runtime hardware information.
+ */
+
+static int setup_hw_info(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	unsigned int pt, ptmin;
+	int param_period_time_if_needed;
+	int err;
+
+	runtime->hw.formats = subs->formats;
+
+	runtime->hw.rate_min = 0x7fffffff;
+	runtime->hw.rate_max = 0;
+	runtime->hw.channels_min = 256;
+	runtime->hw.channels_max = 0;
+	runtime->hw.rates = 0;
+	ptmin = UINT_MAX;
+	/* check min/max rates and channels */
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		runtime->hw.rates |= fp->rates;
+		if (runtime->hw.rate_min > fp->rate_min)
+			runtime->hw.rate_min = fp->rate_min;
+		if (runtime->hw.rate_max < fp->rate_max)
+			runtime->hw.rate_max = fp->rate_max;
+		if (runtime->hw.channels_min > fp->channels)
+			runtime->hw.channels_min = fp->channels;
+		if (runtime->hw.channels_max < fp->channels)
+			runtime->hw.channels_max = fp->channels;
+		if (fp->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II && fp->frame_size > 0) {
+			/* FIXME: there might be more than one audio formats... */
+			runtime->hw.period_bytes_min = runtime->hw.period_bytes_max =
+				fp->frame_size;
+		}
+		pt = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
+		ptmin = min(ptmin, pt);
+	}
+
+	param_period_time_if_needed = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME;
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) != USB_SPEED_HIGH)
+		/* full speed devices have fixed data packet interval */
+		ptmin = 1000;
+	if (ptmin == 1000)
+		/* if period time doesn't go below 1 ms, no rules needed */
+		param_period_time_if_needed = -1;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
+				     ptmin, UINT_MAX);
+
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				       hw_rule_rate, subs,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				       param_period_time_if_needed,
+				       -1)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				       hw_rule_channels, subs,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				       param_period_time_if_needed,
+				       -1)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+				       hw_rule_format, subs,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				       param_period_time_if_needed,
+				       -1)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (param_period_time_if_needed >= 0) {
+		err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
+					  hw_rule_period_time, subs,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+					  -1);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if ((err = snd_usb_pcm_check_knot(runtime, subs)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int direction)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
+
+	subs->interface = -1;
+	subs->altset_idx = 0;
+	runtime->hw = snd_usb_hardware;
+	runtime->private_data = subs;
+	subs->pcm_substream = substream;
+	return setup_hw_info(runtime, subs);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int direction)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
+
+	if (!as->chip->shutdown && subs->interface >= 0) {
+		usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0);
+		subs->interface = -1;
+	}
+	subs->pcm_substream = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return snd_usb_pcm_open(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return snd_usb_pcm_close(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return snd_usb_pcm_open(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return snd_usb_pcm_close(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_playback_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_usb_playback_open,
+	.close =	snd_usb_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
+	.page =		snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
+	.mmap =		snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_capture_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_usb_capture_open,
+	.close =	snd_usb_capture_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
+	.page =		snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
+	.mmap =		snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
+};
+
+void snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream)
+{
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, stream,
+			stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ?
+			&snd_usb_playback_ops : &snd_usb_capture_ops);
+}
diff --git a/sound/usb/pcm.h b/sound/usb/pcm.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c931b68f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/pcm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_PCM_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_PCM_H
+
+void snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream);
+
+int snd_usb_init_pitch(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+		       struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+		       struct audioformat *fmt);
+
+int snd_usb_init_sample_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
+			     struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+			     struct audioformat *fmt, int rate);
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_PCM_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/proc.c b/sound/usb/proc.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5e3f356b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/proc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "proc.h"
+
+/* convert our full speed USB rate into sampling rate in Hz */
+static inline unsigned get_full_speed_hz(unsigned int usb_rate)
+{
+	return (usb_rate * 125 + (1 << 12)) >> 13;
+}
+
+/* convert our high speed USB rate into sampling rate in Hz */
+static inline unsigned get_high_speed_hz(unsigned int usb_rate)
+{
+	return (usb_rate * 125 + (1 << 9)) >> 10;
+}
+
+/*
+ * common proc files to show the usb device info
+ */
+static void proc_audio_usbbus_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = entry->private_data;
+	if (!chip->shutdown)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%03d/%03d\n", chip->dev->bus->busnum, chip->dev->devnum);
+}
+
+static void proc_audio_usbid_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = entry->private_data;
+	if (!chip->shutdown)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%04x:%04x\n", 
+			    USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id),
+			    USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
+}
+
+void snd_usb_audio_create_proc(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
+{
+	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
+	if (!snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "usbbus", &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, chip, proc_audio_usbbus_read);
+	if (!snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "usbid", &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, chip, proc_audio_usbid_read);
+}
+
+/*
+ * proc interface for list the supported pcm formats
+ */
+static void proc_dump_substream_formats(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	static char *sync_types[4] = {
+		"NONE", "ASYNC", "ADAPTIVE", "SYNC"
+	};
+
+	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
+		struct audioformat *fp;
+		snd_pcm_format_t fmt;
+		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Interface %d\n", fp->iface);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Altset %d\n", fp->altsetting);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Format:");
+		for (fmt = 0; fmt <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++fmt)
+			if (fp->formats & (1uLL << fmt))
+				snd_iprintf(buffer, " %s",
+					    snd_pcm_format_name(fmt));
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Channels: %d\n", fp->channels);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Endpoint: %d %s (%s)\n",
+			    fp->endpoint & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK,
+			    fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN ? "IN" : "OUT",
+			    sync_types[(fp->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE) >> 2]);
+		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS) {
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Rates: %d - %d (continuous)\n",
+				    fp->rate_min, fp->rate_max);
+		} else {
+			unsigned int i;
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Rates: ");
+			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++) {
+				if (i > 0)
+					snd_iprintf(buffer, ", ");
+				snd_iprintf(buffer, "%d", fp->rate_table[i]);
+			}
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
+		}
+		if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Data packet interval: %d us\n",
+				    125 * (1 << fp->datainterval));
+		// snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Max Packet Size = %d\n", fp->maxpacksize);
+		// snd_iprintf(buffer, "    EP Attribute = %#x\n", fp->attributes);
+	}
+}
+
+static void proc_dump_substream_status(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	if (subs->running) {
+		unsigned int i;
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Running\n");
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Interface = %d\n", subs->interface);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Altset = %d\n", subs->altset_idx);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    URBs = %d [ ", subs->nurbs);
+		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++)
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%d ", subs->dataurb[i].packets);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "]\n");
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Packet Size = %d\n", subs->curpacksize);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Momentary freq = %u Hz (%#x.%04x)\n",
+			    snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL
+			    ? get_full_speed_hz(subs->freqm)
+			    : get_high_speed_hz(subs->freqm),
+			    subs->freqm >> 16, subs->freqm & 0xffff);
+	} else {
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Stop\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static void proc_pcm_format_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_stream *stream = entry->private_data;
+
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s : %s\n", stream->chip->card->longname, stream->pcm->name);
+
+	if (stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].num_formats) {
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\nPlayback:\n");
+		proc_dump_substream_status(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK], buffer);
+		proc_dump_substream_formats(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK], buffer);
+	}
+	if (stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].num_formats) {
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\nCapture:\n");
+		proc_dump_substream_status(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE], buffer);
+		proc_dump_substream_formats(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE], buffer);
+	}
+}
+
+void snd_usb_proc_pcm_format_add(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
+{
+	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
+	char name[32];
+	struct snd_card *card = stream->chip->card;
+
+	sprintf(name, "stream%d", stream->pcm_index);
+	if (!snd_card_proc_new(card, name, &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, stream, proc_pcm_format_read);
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/proc.h b/sound/usb/proc.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a45b765e4cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/proc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_PROC_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_PROC_H
+
+void snd_usb_audio_create_proc(struct snd_usb_audio *chip);
+void snd_usb_proc_pcm_format_add(struct snd_usb_stream *stream);
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_PROC_H */
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbquirks.h b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
index 2b426c1fd0e..91ddef31bcb 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbquirks.h
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 0,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
 					.channels = 4,
 					.iface = 0,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 1,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 1,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 0,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 0,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 1,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 1,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 1,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 1,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 2,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = & (const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 2,
 					.altsetting = 1,
@@ -1826,6 +1826,60 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 		}
 	}
 },
+{
+	USB_DEVICE(0x0763, 0x2080),
+	.driver_info = (unsigned long) & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk) {
+		/* .vendor_name = "M-Audio", */
+		/* .product_name = "Fast Track Ultra 8", */
+		.ifnum = QUIRK_ANY_INTERFACE,
+		.type = QUIRK_COMPOSITE,
+		.data = & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk[]) {
+			{
+				.ifnum = 0,
+				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = 1,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = 2,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
+			},
+			/* interface 3 (MIDI) is standard compliant */
+			{
+				.ifnum = -1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+},
+{
+	USB_DEVICE(0x0763, 0x2081),
+	.driver_info = (unsigned long) & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk) {
+		/* .vendor_name = "M-Audio", */
+		/* .product_name = "Fast Track Ultra 8R", */
+		.ifnum = QUIRK_ANY_INTERFACE,
+		.type = QUIRK_COMPOSITE,
+		.data = & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk[]) {
+			{
+				.ifnum = 0,
+				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = 1,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = 2,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
+			},
+			/* interface 3 (MIDI) is standard compliant */
+			{
+				.ifnum = -1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+},
 
 /* Casio devices */
 {
@@ -2203,7 +2257,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = 1,
 				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
 				.data = &(const struct audioformat) {
-					.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE,
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3BE,
 					.channels = 2,
 					.iface = 1,
 					.altsetting = 1,
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.c b/sound/usb/quirks.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..136e5b4cf6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.c
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "mixer.h"
+#include "mixer_quirks.h"
+#include "midi.h"
+#include "quirks.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "endpoint.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+
+/*
+ * handle the quirks for the contained interfaces
+ */
+static int create_composite_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				  struct usb_interface *iface,
+				  struct usb_driver *driver,
+				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	int probed_ifnum = get_iface_desc(iface->altsetting)->bInterfaceNumber;
+	int err;
+
+	for (quirk = quirk->data; quirk->ifnum >= 0; ++quirk) {
+		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, quirk->ifnum);
+		if (!iface)
+			continue;
+		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum &&
+		    usb_interface_claimed(iface))
+			continue;
+		err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, iface, driver, quirk);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum)
+			usb_driver_claim_interface(driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ignore_interface_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				  struct usb_interface *iface,
+				  struct usb_driver *driver,
+				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Allow alignment on audio sub-slot (channel samples) rather than
+ * on audio slots (audio frames)
+ */
+static int create_align_transfer_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				       struct usb_interface *iface,
+				       struct usb_driver *driver,
+				       const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	chip->txfr_quirk = 1;
+	return 1;	/* Continue with creating streams and mixer */
+}
+
+static int create_any_midi_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				 struct usb_interface *intf,
+				 struct usb_driver *driver,
+				 const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	return snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, intf, &chip->midi_list, quirk);
+}
+
+/*
+ * create a stream for an interface with proper descriptors
+ */
+static int create_standard_audio_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				       struct usb_interface *iface,
+				       struct usb_driver *driver,
+				       const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	int err;
+
+	alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+	err = snd_usb_parse_audio_endpoints(chip, altsd->bInterfaceNumber);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot setup if %d: error %d\n",
+			   altsd->bInterfaceNumber, err);
+		return err;
+	}
+	/* reset the current interface */
+	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, altsd->bInterfaceNumber, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create a stream for an endpoint/altsetting without proper descriptors
+ */
+static int create_fixed_stream_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				     struct usb_interface *iface,
+				     struct usb_driver *driver,
+				     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	struct audioformat *fp;
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	int stream, err;
+	unsigned *rate_table = NULL;
+
+	fp = kmemdup(quirk->data, sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! fp) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot memdup\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	if (fp->nr_rates > 0) {
+		rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * fp->nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!rate_table) {
+			kfree(fp);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		memcpy(rate_table, fp->rate_table, sizeof(int) * fp->nr_rates);
+		fp->rate_table = rate_table;
+	}
+
+	stream = (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
+		? SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+	err = snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(fp);
+		kfree(rate_table);
+		return err;
+	}
+	if (fp->iface != get_iface_desc(&iface->altsetting[0])->bInterfaceNumber ||
+	    fp->altset_idx >= iface->num_altsetting) {
+		kfree(fp);
+		kfree(rate_table);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	alts = &iface->altsetting[fp->altset_idx];
+	fp->datainterval = snd_usb_parse_datainterval(chip, alts);
+	fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
+	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, fp->iface, 0);
+	snd_usb_init_pitch(chip, fp->iface, alts, fp);
+	snd_usb_init_sample_rate(chip, fp->iface, alts, fp, fp->rate_max);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a stream for an Edirol UA-700/UA-25/UA-4FX interface.  
+ * The only way to detect the sample rate is by looking at wMaxPacketSize.
+ */
+static int create_uaxx_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			     struct usb_interface *iface,
+			     struct usb_driver *driver,
+			     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	static const struct audioformat ua_format = {
+		.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
+		.channels = 2,
+		.fmt_type = UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I,
+		.altsetting = 1,
+		.altset_idx = 1,
+		.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS,
+	};
+	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
+	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
+	struct audioformat *fp;
+	int stream, err;
+
+	/* both PCM and MIDI interfaces have 2 or more altsettings */
+	if (iface->num_altsetting < 2)
+		return -ENXIO;
+	alts = &iface->altsetting[1];
+	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
+
+	if (altsd->bNumEndpoints == 2) {
+		static const struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info ua700_ep = {
+			.out_cables = 0x0003,
+			.in_cables  = 0x0003
+		};
+		static const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk ua700_quirk = {
+			.type = QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
+			.data = &ua700_ep
+		};
+		static const struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info uaxx_ep = {
+			.out_cables = 0x0001,
+			.in_cables  = 0x0001
+		};
+		static const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk uaxx_quirk = {
+			.type = QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
+			.data = &uaxx_ep
+		};
+		const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk =
+			chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0582, 0x002b)
+			? &ua700_quirk : &uaxx_quirk;
+		return snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, iface,
+					  &chip->midi_list, quirk);
+	}
+
+	if (altsd->bNumEndpoints != 1)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!fp)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	memcpy(fp, &ua_format, sizeof(*fp));
+
+	fp->iface = altsd->bInterfaceNumber;
+	fp->endpoint = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
+	fp->ep_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes;
+	fp->datainterval = 0;
+	fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
+
+	switch (fp->maxpacksize) {
+	case 0x120:
+		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 44100;
+		break;
+	case 0x138:
+	case 0x140:
+		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 48000;
+		break;
+	case 0x258:
+	case 0x260:
+		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 96000;
+		break;
+	default:
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown sample rate\n");
+		kfree(fp);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	stream = (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
+		? SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+	err = snd_usb_add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(fp);
+		return err;
+	}
+	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, fp->iface, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * audio-interface quirks
+ *
+ * returns zero if no standard audio/MIDI parsing is needed.
+ * returns a postive value if standard audio/midi interfaces are parsed
+ * after this.
+ * returns a negative value at error.
+ */
+int snd_usb_create_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			 struct usb_interface *iface,
+			 struct usb_driver *driver,
+			 const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	typedef int (*quirk_func_t)(struct snd_usb_audio *,
+				    struct usb_interface *,
+				    struct usb_driver *,
+				    const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *);
+	static const quirk_func_t quirk_funcs[] = {
+		[QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE] = ignore_interface_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_COMPOSITE] = create_composite_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_YAMAHA] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_MIDIMAN] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_NOVATION] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_FASTLANE] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_EMAGIC] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_MIDI_CME] = create_any_midi_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE] = create_standard_audio_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT] = create_fixed_stream_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_AUDIO_EDIROL_UAXX] = create_uaxx_quirk,
+		[QUIRK_AUDIO_ALIGN_TRANSFER] = create_align_transfer_quirk
+	};
+
+	if (quirk->type < QUIRK_TYPE_COUNT) {
+		return quirk_funcs[quirk->type](chip, iface, driver, quirk);
+	} else {
+		snd_printd(KERN_ERR "invalid quirk type %d\n", quirk->type);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * boot quirks
+ */
+
+#define EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_OLD 794
+#define EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_NEW 483
+
+static int snd_usb_extigy_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev, struct usb_interface *intf)
+{
+	struct usb_host_config *config = dev->actconfig;
+	int err;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength) == EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_OLD ||
+	    le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength) == EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_NEW) {
+		snd_printdd("sending Extigy boot sequence...\n");
+		/* Send message to force it to reconnect with full interface. */
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev,0),
+				      0x10, 0x43, 0x0001, 0x000a, NULL, 0, 1000);
+		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error sending boot message: %d\n", err);
+		err = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_DEVICE, 0,
+				&dev->descriptor, sizeof(dev->descriptor));
+		config = dev->actconfig;
+		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error usb_get_descriptor: %d\n", err);
+		err = usb_reset_configuration(dev);
+		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error usb_reset_configuration: %d\n", err);
+		snd_printdd("extigy_boot: new boot length = %d\n",
+			    le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength));
+		return -ENODEV; /* quit this anyway */
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_audigy2nx_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
+{
+	u8 buf = 1;
+
+	snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), 0x2a,
+			USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
+			0, 0, &buf, 1, 1000);
+	if (buf == 0) {
+		snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), 0x29,
+				USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
+				1, 2000, NULL, 0, 1000);
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * C-Media CM106/CM106+ have four 16-bit internal registers that are nicely
+ * documented in the device's data sheet.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(struct usb_device *dev, int reg, u16 value)
+{
+	u8 buf[4];
+	buf[0] = 0x20;
+	buf[1] = value & 0xff;
+	buf[2] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
+	buf[3] = reg;
+	return snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION,
+			       USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT,
+			       0, 0, &buf, 4, 1000);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_cm106_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Enable line-out driver mode, set headphone source to front
+	 * channels, enable stereo mic.
+	 */
+	return snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(dev, 2, 0x8004);
+}
+
+/*
+ * C-Media CM6206 is based on CM106 with two additional
+ * registers that are not documented in the data sheet.
+ * Values here are chosen based on sniffing USB traffic
+ * under Windows.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_cm6206_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
+{
+	int err, reg;
+	int val[] = {0x200c, 0x3000, 0xf800, 0x143f, 0x0000, 0x3000};
+
+	for (reg = 0; reg < ARRAY_SIZE(val); reg++) {
+		err = snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(dev, reg, val[reg]);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This call will put the synth in "USB send" mode, i.e it will send MIDI
+ * messages through USB (this is disabled at startup). The synth will
+ * acknowledge by sending a sysex on endpoint 0x85 and by displaying a USB
+ * sign on its LCD. Values here are chosen based on sniffing USB traffic
+ * under Windows.
+ */
+static int snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
+{
+	int err, actual_length;
+
+	/* "midi send" enable */
+	static const u8 seq[] = { 0x4e, 0x73, 0x52, 0x01 };
+
+	void *buf = kmemdup(seq, ARRAY_SIZE(seq), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = usb_interrupt_msg(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x05), buf,
+			ARRAY_SIZE(seq), &actual_length, 1000);
+	kfree(buf);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Setup quirks
+ */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET			0x01 /* if set, parse device_setup */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_DTS              0x02 /* if set, enable DTS Digital Output */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_96K              0x04 /* 48-96KHz rate if set, 8-48KHz otherwise */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B		0x08 /* 24bits sample if set, 16bits otherwise */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_DI		0x10 /* if set, enable Digital Input */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK		0x1F /* bit mask for setup value */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_DI	0x19 /* value for 24bits+48KHz+Digital Input */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_NOTDI	0x09 /* value for 24bits+48KHz+No Digital Input */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_DI	0x11 /* value for 16bits+48KHz+Digital Input */
+#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_NOTDI	0x01 /* value for 16bits+48KHz+No Digital Input */
+
+static int audiophile_skip_setting_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+					 int iface,
+					 int altno)
+{
+	/* Reset ALL ifaces to 0 altsetting.
+	 * Call it for every possible altsetting of every interface.
+	 */
+	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, iface, 0);
+
+	if (chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET) {
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_DTS)
+		    && altno != 6)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_96K)
+		    && altno != 1)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
+		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_DI && altno != 2)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
+		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_NOTDI && altno != 3)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
+		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_DI && altno != 4)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+		if ((chip->setup & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
+		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_NOTDI && altno != 5)
+			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
+	}
+
+	return 0; /* keep this altsetting */
+}
+
+int snd_usb_apply_interface_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				  int iface,
+				  int altno)
+{
+	/* audiophile usb: skip altsets incompatible with device_setup */
+	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003))
+		return audiophile_skip_setting_quirk(chip, iface, altno);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev,
+			     struct usb_interface *intf,
+			     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+{
+	u32 id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
+			le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
+
+	/* SB Extigy needs special boot-up sequence */
+	/* if more models come, this will go to the quirk list. */
+	if (id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000))
+		return snd_usb_extigy_boot_quirk(dev, intf);
+
+	/* SB Audigy 2 NX needs its own boot-up magic, too */
+	if (id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020))
+		return snd_usb_audigy2nx_boot_quirk(dev);
+
+	/* C-Media CM106 / Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Roadie */
+	if (id == USB_ID(0x10f5, 0x0200))
+		return snd_usb_cm106_boot_quirk(dev);
+
+	/* C-Media CM6206 / CM106-Like Sound Device */
+	if (id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0102))
+		return snd_usb_cm6206_boot_quirk(dev);
+
+	/* Access Music VirusTI Desktop */
+	if (id == USB_ID(0x133e, 0x0815))
+		return snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(dev);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * check if the device uses big-endian samples
+ */
+int snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	switch (chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2001): /* M-Audio Quattro: captured data only */
+		if (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
+			return 1;
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
+		if (chip->setup == 0x00 ||
+		    fp->altsetting==1 || fp->altsetting==2 || fp->altsetting==3)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For E-Mu 0404USB/0202USB/TrackerPre sample rate should be set for device,
+ * not for interface.
+ */
+
+enum {
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_44100HZ = 0,
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_48000HZ,
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_88200HZ,
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_96000HZ,
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_176400HZ,
+	EMU_QUIRK_SR_192000HZ
+};
+
+static void set_format_emu_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				 struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	unsigned char emu_samplerate_id = 0;
+
+	/* When capture is active
+	 * sample rate shouldn't be changed
+	 * by playback substream
+	 */
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+		if (subs->stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].interface != -1)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	switch (fmt->rate_min) {
+	case 48000:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_48000HZ;
+		break;
+	case 88200:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_88200HZ;
+		break;
+	case 96000:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_96000HZ;
+		break;
+	case 176400:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_176400HZ;
+		break;
+	case 192000:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_192000HZ;
+		break;
+	default:
+		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_44100HZ;
+		break;
+	}
+	snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(subs->stream->chip, emu_samplerate_id);
+}
+
+void snd_usb_set_format_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	switch (subs->stream->chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f02): /* E-Mu 0202 USB */
+	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f04): /* E-Mu 0404 USB */
+	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f0a): /* E-Mu Tracker Pre */
+		set_format_emu_quirk(subs, fmt);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.h b/sound/usb/quirks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03e5e94098c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_QUIRKS_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_QUIRKS_H
+
+int snd_usb_create_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+			 struct usb_interface *iface,
+			 struct usb_driver *driver,
+			 const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk);
+
+int snd_usb_apply_interface_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				  int iface,
+				  int altno);
+
+int snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev,
+			     struct usb_interface *intf,
+			     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk);
+
+void snd_usb_set_format_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt);
+
+int snd_usb_is_big_endian_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+				 struct audioformat *fp);
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_QUIRKS_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/urb.c b/sound/usb/urb.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de607d4411a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/urb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,995 @@
+/*
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "card.h"
+#include "urb.h"
+#include "pcm.h"
+
+/*
+ * convert a sampling rate into our full speed format (fs/1000 in Q16.16)
+ * this will overflow at approx 524 kHz
+ */
+static inline unsigned get_usb_full_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	return ((rate << 13) + 62) / 125;
+}
+
+/*
+ * convert a sampling rate into USB high speed format (fs/8000 in Q16.16)
+ * this will overflow at approx 4 MHz
+ */
+static inline unsigned get_usb_high_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	return ((rate << 10) + 62) / 125;
+}
+
+/*
+ * unlink active urbs.
+ */
+static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force, int can_sleep)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int async;
+
+	subs->running = 0;
+
+	if (!force && subs->stream->chip->shutdown) /* to be sure... */
+		return -EBADFD;
+
+	async = !can_sleep && chip->async_unlink;
+
+	if (!async && in_interrupt())
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+		if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask)) {
+			if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
+				struct urb *u = subs->dataurb[i].urb;
+				if (async)
+					usb_unlink_urb(u);
+				else
+					usb_kill_urb(u);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (subs->syncpipe) {
+		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+			if (test_bit(i+16, &subs->active_mask)) {
+				if (!test_and_set_bit(i+16, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
+					struct urb *u = subs->syncurb[i].urb;
+					if (async)
+						usb_unlink_urb(u);
+					else
+						usb_kill_urb(u);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * release a urb data
+ */
+static void release_urb_ctx(struct snd_urb_ctx *u)
+{
+	if (u->urb) {
+		if (u->buffer_size)
+			usb_free_coherent(u->subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
+					u->urb->transfer_buffer,
+					u->urb->transfer_dma);
+		usb_free_urb(u->urb);
+		u->urb = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ *  wait until all urbs are processed.
+ */
+static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
+	unsigned int i;
+	int alive;
+
+	do {
+		alive = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+			if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask))
+				alive++;
+		}
+		if (subs->syncpipe) {
+			for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+				if (test_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask))
+					alive++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (! alive)
+			break;
+		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
+	} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
+	if (alive)
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "timeout: still %d active urbs..\n", alive);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * release a substream
+ */
+void snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* stop urbs (to be sure) */
+	deactivate_urbs(subs, force, 1);
+	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_URBS; i++)
+		release_urb_ctx(&subs->dataurb[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++)
+		release_urb_ctx(&subs->syncurb[i]);
+	usb_free_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+			subs->syncbuf, subs->sync_dma);
+	subs->syncbuf = NULL;
+	subs->nurbs = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * complete callback from data urb
+ */
+static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
+	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
+	    (err = subs->ops.prepare(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
+	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
+		clear_bit(ctx->index, &subs->active_mask);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
+			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * complete callback from sync urb
+ */
+static void snd_complete_sync_urb(struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
+	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
+	    (err = subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
+	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
+		clear_bit(ctx->index + 16, &subs->active_mask);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit sync urb (err = %d)\n", err);
+			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * initialize a substream for plaback/capture
+ */
+int snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				unsigned int period_bytes,
+				unsigned int rate,
+				unsigned int frame_bits)
+{
+	unsigned int maxsize, i;
+	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+	unsigned int urb_packs, total_packs, packs_per_ms;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
+
+	/* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+		subs->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(rate);
+	else
+		subs->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(rate);
+	subs->freqm = subs->freqn;
+	/* calculate max. frequency */
+	if (subs->maxpacksize) {
+		/* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
+		maxsize = subs->maxpacksize;
+		subs->freqmax = (maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
+				<< (16 - subs->datainterval);
+	} else {
+		/* no max. packet size: just take 25% higher than nominal */
+		subs->freqmax = subs->freqn + (subs->freqn >> 2);
+		maxsize = ((subs->freqmax + 0xffff) * (frame_bits >> 3))
+				>> (16 - subs->datainterval);
+	}
+	subs->phase = 0;
+
+	if (subs->fill_max)
+		subs->curpacksize = subs->maxpacksize;
+	else
+		subs->curpacksize = maxsize;
+
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
+		packs_per_ms = 8 >> subs->datainterval;
+	else
+		packs_per_ms = 1;
+
+	if (is_playback) {
+		urb_packs = max(chip->nrpacks, 1);
+		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, (unsigned int)MAX_PACKS);
+	} else
+		urb_packs = 1;
+	urb_packs *= packs_per_ms;
+	if (subs->syncpipe)
+		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, 1U << subs->syncinterval);
+
+	/* decide how many packets to be used */
+	if (is_playback) {
+		unsigned int minsize, maxpacks;
+		/* determine how small a packet can be */
+		minsize = (subs->freqn >> (16 - subs->datainterval))
+			  * (frame_bits >> 3);
+		/* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
+		if (subs->syncpipe)
+			minsize -= minsize >> 3;
+		minsize = max(minsize, 1u);
+		total_packs = (period_bytes + minsize - 1) / minsize;
+		/* we need at least two URBs for queueing */
+		if (total_packs < 2) {
+			total_packs = 2;
+		} else {
+			/* and we don't want too long a queue either */
+			maxpacks = max(MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms, urb_packs * 2);
+			total_packs = min(total_packs, maxpacks);
+		}
+	} else {
+		while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= period_bytes)
+			urb_packs >>= 1;
+		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+	}
+	subs->nurbs = (total_packs + urb_packs - 1) / urb_packs;
+	if (subs->nurbs > MAX_URBS) {
+		/* too much... */
+		subs->nurbs = MAX_URBS;
+		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+	} else if (subs->nurbs < 2) {
+		/* too little - we need at least two packets
+		 * to ensure contiguous playback/capture
+		 */
+		subs->nurbs = 2;
+	}
+
+	/* allocate and initialize data urbs */
+	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+		struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->dataurb[i];
+		u->index = i;
+		u->subs = subs;
+		u->packets = (i + 1) * total_packs / subs->nurbs
+			- i * total_packs / subs->nurbs;
+		u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;
+		if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
+			u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
+		u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!u->urb)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		u->urb->transfer_buffer =
+			usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
+					   GFP_KERNEL, &u->urb->transfer_dma);
+		if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		u->urb->pipe = subs->datapipe;
+		u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+		u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->datainterval;
+		u->urb->context = u;
+		u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
+	}
+
+	if (subs->syncpipe) {
+		/* allocate and initialize sync urbs */
+		subs->syncbuf = usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+						 GFP_KERNEL, &subs->sync_dma);
+		if (!subs->syncbuf)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+			struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->syncurb[i];
+			u->index = i;
+			u->subs = subs;
+			u->packets = 1;
+			u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!u->urb)
+				goto out_of_memory;
+			u->urb->transfer_buffer = subs->syncbuf + i * 4;
+			u->urb->transfer_dma = subs->sync_dma + i * 4;
+			u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
+			u->urb->pipe = subs->syncpipe;
+			u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP |
+						 URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+			u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
+			u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->syncinterval;
+			u->urb->context = u;
+			u->urb->complete = snd_complete_sync_urb;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+out_of_memory:
+	snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for full speed capture sync pipe
+ *
+ * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+ * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				    struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+	cp[0] = subs->freqn >> 2;
+	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 10;
+	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 18;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for high speed capture sync pipe
+ *
+ * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+ * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+	cp[0] = subs->freqn;
+	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 8;
+	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 16;
+	cp[3] = subs->freqn >> 24;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after capture sync complete
+ * - nothing to do
+ */
+static int retire_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				   struct urb *urb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for capture data pipe
+ *
+ * fill the offset and length of each descriptor.
+ *
+ * we use a temporary buffer to write the captured data.
+ * since the length of written data is determined by host, we cannot
+ * write onto the pcm buffer directly...  the data is thus copied
+ * later at complete callback to the global buffer.
+ */
+static int prepare_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	int i, offs;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	offs = 0;
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = subs->curpacksize;
+		offs += subs->curpacksize;
+	}
+	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
+	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after capture complete
+ *
+ * copy the data from each desctiptor to the pcm buffer, and
+ * update the current position.
+ */
+static int retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+			      struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned char *cp;
+	int i;
+	unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
+	int period_elapsed = 0;
+
+	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
+		cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
+		if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "frame %d active: %d\n", i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
+			// continue;
+		}
+		bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
+		frames = bytes / stride;
+		if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+		if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
+			int oldbytes = bytes;
+#endif
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
+							oldbytes, bytes);
+		}
+		/* update the current pointer */
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+		oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
+		subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+		if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+			subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+		frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
+		subs->transfer_done += frames;
+		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		/* copy a data chunk */
+		if (oldptr + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+			unsigned int bytes1 =
+					runtime->buffer_size * stride - oldptr;
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
+		} else {
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
+		}
+	}
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process after capture complete when paused.  Nothing to do.
+ */
+static int retire_paused_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				     struct urb *urb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for full speed playback sync pipe
+ *
+ * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
+ */
+
+static int prepare_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				     struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for high speed playback sync pipe
+ *
+ * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
+ */
+
+static int prepare_playback_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+					struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+					struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
+	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after full speed playback sync complete
+ *
+ * retrieve the current 10.14 frequency from pipe, and set it.
+ * the value is referred in prepare_playback_urb().
+ */
+static int retire_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				    struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned int f;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
+	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3) {
+		f = combine_triple((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) << 2;
+		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+			subs->freqm = f;
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after high speed playback sync complete
+ *
+ * retrieve the current 12.13 frequency from pipe, and set it.
+ * the value is referred in prepare_playback_urb().
+ */
+static int retire_playback_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned int f;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
+	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 4) {
+		f = combine_quad((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) & 0x0fffffff;
+		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+			subs->freqm = f;
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after E-Mu 0202/0404/Tracker Pre high speed playback sync complete
+ *
+ * These devices return the number of samples per packet instead of the number
+ * of samples per microframe.
+ */
+static int retire_playback_sync_urb_hs_emu(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+					   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+					   struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned int f;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
+	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 4) {
+		f = combine_quad((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) & 0x0fffffff;
+		f >>= subs->datainterval;
+		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+			subs->freqm = f;
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* determine the number of frames in the next packet */
+static int snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	if (subs->fill_max)
+		return subs->maxframesize;
+	else {
+		subs->phase = (subs->phase & 0xffff)
+			+ (subs->freqm << subs->datainterval);
+		return min(subs->phase >> 16, subs->maxframesize);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare urb for streaming before playback starts or when paused.
+ *
+ * We don't have any data, so we send silence.
+ */
+static int prepare_nodata_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned int i, offs, counts;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	offs = 0;
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev;
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
+		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs * stride;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+		offs += counts;
+	}
+	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
+	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * stride;
+	memset(urb->transfer_buffer,
+	       runtime->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ? 0x80 : 0,
+	       offs * stride);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare urb for playback data pipe
+ *
+ * Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
+ * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
+ * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
+ * for all URBs.
+ */
+static int prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				struct urb *urb)
+{
+	int i, stride;
+	unsigned int counts, frames, bytes;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int period_elapsed = 0;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+
+	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	frames = 0;
+	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+	urb->number_of_packets = 0;
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
+		/* set up descriptor */
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+		frames += counts;
+		urb->number_of_packets++;
+		subs->transfer_done += counts;
+		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+			if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
+				if (subs->transfer_done > 0) {
+					/* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
+					 * supported yet */
+					frames -= subs->transfer_done;
+					counts -= subs->transfer_done;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
+						counts * stride;
+					subs->transfer_done = 0;
+				}
+				i++;
+				if (i < ctx->packets) {
+					/* add a transfer delimiter */
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
+						frames * stride;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
+					urb->number_of_packets++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (period_elapsed) /* finish at the period boundary */
+			break;
+	}
+	bytes = frames * stride;
+	if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+		/* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
+		unsigned int bytes1 =
+			runtime->buffer_size * stride - subs->hwptr_done;
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + bytes1,
+		       runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
+	}
+	subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+	if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+		subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+	runtime->delay += frames;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+	urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after playback data complete
+ * - decrease the delay count again
+ */
+static int retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+	int processed = urb->transfer_buffer_length / stride;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	if (processed > runtime->delay)
+		runtime->delay = 0;
+	else
+		runtime->delay -= processed;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *usb_error_string(int err)
+{
+	switch (err) {
+	case -ENODEV:
+		return "no device";
+	case -ENOENT:
+		return "endpoint not enabled";
+	case -EPIPE:
+		return "endpoint stalled";
+	case -ENOSPC:
+		return "not enough bandwidth";
+	case -ESHUTDOWN:
+		return "device disabled";
+	case -EHOSTUNREACH:
+		return "device suspended";
+	case -EINVAL:
+	case -EAGAIN:
+	case -EFBIG:
+	case -EMSGSIZE:
+		return "internal error";
+	default:
+		return "unknown error";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * set up and start data/sync urbs
+ */
+static int start_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+
+	if (subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
+		return -EBADFD;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+		if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->dataurb[i].urb))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (subs->ops.prepare(subs, runtime, subs->dataurb[i].urb) < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare datapipe for urb %d\n", i);
+			goto __error;
+		}
+	}
+	if (subs->syncpipe) {
+		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+			if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->syncurb[i].urb))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			if (subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, runtime, subs->syncurb[i].urb) < 0) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare syncpipe for urb %d\n", i);
+				goto __error;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	subs->active_mask = 0;
+	subs->unlink_mask = 0;
+	subs->running = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
+		err = usb_submit_urb(subs->dataurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit datapipe "
+				   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
+				   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
+			goto __error;
+		}
+		set_bit(i, &subs->active_mask);
+	}
+	if (subs->syncpipe) {
+		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+			err = usb_submit_urb(subs->syncurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit syncpipe "
+					   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
+					   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
+				goto __error;
+			}
+			set_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+ __error:
+	// snd_pcm_stop(subs->pcm_substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+	return -EPIPE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ */
+static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops[2] = {
+	{
+		.prepare =	prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
+		.retire =	retire_playback_urb,
+		.prepare_sync =	prepare_playback_sync_urb,
+		.retire_sync =	retire_playback_sync_urb,
+	},
+	{
+		.prepare =	prepare_capture_urb,
+		.retire =	retire_capture_urb,
+		.prepare_sync =	prepare_capture_sync_urb,
+		.retire_sync =	retire_capture_sync_urb,
+	},
+};
+
+static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops_high_speed[2] = {
+	{
+		.prepare =	prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
+		.retire =	retire_playback_urb,
+		.prepare_sync =	prepare_playback_sync_urb_hs,
+		.retire_sync =	retire_playback_sync_urb_hs,
+	},
+	{
+		.prepare =	prepare_capture_urb,
+		.retire =	retire_capture_urb,
+		.prepare_sync =	prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs,
+		.retire_sync =	retire_capture_sync_urb,
+	},
+};
+
+/*
+ * initialize the substream instance.
+ */
+
+void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
+			    int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[stream];
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subs->fmt_list);
+	spin_lock_init(&subs->lock);
+
+	subs->stream = as;
+	subs->direction = stream;
+	subs->dev = as->chip->dev;
+	subs->txfr_quirk = as->chip->txfr_quirk;
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL) {
+		subs->ops = audio_urb_ops[stream];
+	} else {
+		subs->ops = audio_urb_ops_high_speed[stream];
+		switch (as->chip->usb_id) {
+		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f02): /* E-Mu 0202 USB */
+		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f04): /* E-Mu 0404 USB */
+		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f0a): /* E-Mu Tracker Pre */
+			subs->ops.retire_sync = retire_playback_sync_urb_hs_emu;
+			break;
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2080): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8  */
+		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2081): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8R */
+			subs->ops.prepare_sync = prepare_playback_sync_urb;
+			subs->ops.retire_sync = retire_playback_sync_urb;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(as->pcm, stream);
+
+	list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
+	subs->formats |= fp->formats;
+	subs->endpoint = fp->endpoint;
+	subs->num_formats++;
+	subs->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_playback_urb;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
+		return start_urbs(subs, substream->runtime);
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		subs->ops.retire = retire_paused_capture_urb;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_substream_prepare(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	/* clear urbs (to be sure) */
+	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 1);
+	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
+
+	/* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
+	 * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
+		return start_urbs(subs, runtime);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/usb/urb.h b/sound/usb/urb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..888da38079c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/urb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef __USBAUDIO_URB_H
+#define __USBAUDIO_URB_H
+
+void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
+			    int stream,
+			    struct audioformat *fp);
+
+int snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				unsigned int period_bytes,
+				unsigned int rate,
+				unsigned int frame_bits);
+
+void snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force);
+
+int snd_usb_substream_prepare(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
+
+int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd);
+int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd);
+
+#endif /* __USBAUDIO_URB_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbaudio.c b/sound/usb/usbaudio.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 11b0826b8fe..00000000000
--- a/sound/usb/usbaudio.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4050 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *   (Tentative) USB Audio Driver for ALSA
- *
- *   Main and PCM part
- *
- *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- *
- *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
- *	    Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
- *	    Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
- *
- *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *   (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *   GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
- *
- *
- *  NOTES:
- *
- *   - async unlink should be used for avoiding the sleep inside lock.
- *     2.4.22 usb-uhci seems buggy for async unlinking and results in
- *     oops.  in such a cse, pass async_unlink=0 option.
- *   - the linked URBs would be preferred but not used so far because of
- *     the instability of unlinking.
- *   - type II is not supported properly.  there is no device which supports
- *     this type *correctly*.  SB extigy looks as if it supports, but it's
- *     indeed an AC3 stream packed in SPDIF frames (i.e. no real AC3 stream).
- */
-
-
-#include <linux/bitops.h>
-#include <linux/init.h>
-#include <linux/list.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <linux/string.h>
-#include <linux/usb.h>
-#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
-#include <linux/mutex.h>
-#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
-#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
-
-#include <sound/core.h>
-#include <sound/info.h>
-#include <sound/pcm.h>
-#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
-#include <sound/initval.h>
-
-#include "usbaudio.h"
-
-
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB Audio");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
-MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Generic,USB Audio}}");
-
-
-static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;	/* Index 0-MAX */
-static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;	/* ID for this card */
-static int enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;/* Enable this card */
-/* Vendor/product IDs for this card */
-static int vid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
-static int pid[SNDRV_CARDS] = { [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1 };
-static int nrpacks = 8;		/* max. number of packets per urb */
-static int async_unlink = 1;
-static int device_setup[SNDRV_CARDS]; /* device parameter for this card*/
-static int ignore_ctl_error;
-
-module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for the USB audio adapter.");
-module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for the USB audio adapter.");
-module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable USB audio adapter.");
-module_param_array(vid, int, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(vid, "Vendor ID for the USB audio device.");
-module_param_array(pid, int, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(pid, "Product ID for the USB audio device.");
-module_param(nrpacks, int, 0644);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(nrpacks, "Max. number of packets per URB.");
-module_param(async_unlink, bool, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(async_unlink, "Use async unlink mode.");
-module_param_array(device_setup, int, NULL, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(device_setup, "Specific device setup (if needed).");
-module_param(ignore_ctl_error, bool, 0444);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(ignore_ctl_error,
-		 "Ignore errors from USB controller for mixer interfaces.");
-
-/*
- * debug the h/w constraints
- */
-/* #define HW_CONST_DEBUG */
-
-
-/*
- *
- */
-
-#define MAX_PACKS	20
-#define MAX_PACKS_HS	(MAX_PACKS * 8)	/* in high speed mode */
-#define MAX_URBS	8
-#define SYNC_URBS	4	/* always four urbs for sync */
-#define MAX_QUEUE	24	/* try not to exceed this queue length, in ms */
-
-struct audioformat {
-	struct list_head list;
-	snd_pcm_format_t format;	/* format type */
-	unsigned int channels;		/* # channels */
-	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
-	unsigned int frame_size;	/* samples per frame for non-audio */
-	int iface;			/* interface number */
-	unsigned char altsetting;	/* corresponding alternate setting */
-	unsigned char altset_idx;	/* array index of altenate setting */
-	unsigned char attributes;	/* corresponding attributes of cs endpoint */
-	unsigned char endpoint;		/* endpoint */
-	unsigned char ep_attr;		/* endpoint attributes */
-	unsigned char datainterval;	/* log_2 of data packet interval */
-	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max. packet size */
-	unsigned int rates;		/* rate bitmasks */
-	unsigned int rate_min, rate_max;	/* min/max rates */
-	unsigned int nr_rates;		/* number of rate table entries */
-	unsigned int *rate_table;	/* rate table */
-};
-
-struct snd_usb_substream;
-
-struct snd_urb_ctx {
-	struct urb *urb;
-	unsigned int buffer_size;	/* size of data buffer, if data URB */
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
-	int index;	/* index for urb array */
-	int packets;	/* number of packets per urb */
-};
-
-struct snd_urb_ops {
-	int (*prepare)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*retire)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*prepare_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*retire_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-};
-
-struct snd_usb_substream {
-	struct snd_usb_stream *stream;
-	struct usb_device *dev;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm_substream;
-	int direction;	/* playback or capture */
-	int interface;	/* current interface */
-	int endpoint;	/* assigned endpoint */
-	struct audioformat *cur_audiofmt;	/* current audioformat pointer (for hw_params callback) */
-	unsigned int cur_rate;		/* current rate (for hw_params callback) */
-	unsigned int period_bytes;	/* current period bytes (for hw_params callback) */
-	unsigned int format;     /* USB data format */
-	unsigned int datapipe;   /* the data i/o pipe */
-	unsigned int syncpipe;   /* 1 - async out or adaptive in */
-	unsigned int datainterval;	/* log_2 of data packet interval */
-	unsigned int syncinterval;  /* P for adaptive mode, 0 otherwise */
-	unsigned int freqn;      /* nominal sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
-	unsigned int freqm;      /* momentary sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
-	unsigned int freqmax;    /* maximum sampling rate, used for buffer management */
-	unsigned int phase;      /* phase accumulator */
-	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max packet size in bytes */
-	unsigned int maxframesize;	/* max packet size in frames */
-	unsigned int curpacksize;	/* current packet size in bytes (for capture) */
-	unsigned int curframesize;	/* current packet size in frames (for capture) */
-	unsigned int fill_max: 1;	/* fill max packet size always */
-	unsigned int txfr_quirk:1;	/* allow sub-frame alignment */
-	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
-
-	unsigned int running: 1;	/* running status */
-
-	unsigned int hwptr_done;	/* processed byte position in the buffer */
-	unsigned int transfer_done;		/* processed frames since last period update */
-	unsigned long active_mask;	/* bitmask of active urbs */
-	unsigned long unlink_mask;	/* bitmask of unlinked urbs */
-
-	unsigned int nurbs;			/* # urbs */
-	struct snd_urb_ctx dataurb[MAX_URBS];	/* data urb table */
-	struct snd_urb_ctx syncurb[SYNC_URBS];	/* sync urb table */
-	char *syncbuf;				/* sync buffer for all sync URBs */
-	dma_addr_t sync_dma;			/* DMA address of syncbuf */
-
-	u64 formats;			/* format bitmasks (all or'ed) */
-	unsigned int num_formats;		/* number of supported audio formats (list) */
-	struct list_head fmt_list;	/* format list */
-	struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list rate_list;	/* limited rates */
-	spinlock_t lock;
-
-	struct snd_urb_ops ops;		/* callbacks (must be filled at init) */
-};
-
-
-struct snd_usb_stream {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-	int pcm_index;
-	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
-	struct snd_usb_substream substream[2];
-	struct list_head list;
-};
-
-
-/*
- * we keep the snd_usb_audio_t instances by ourselves for merging
- * the all interfaces on the same card as one sound device.
- */
-
-static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
-static struct snd_usb_audio *usb_chip[SNDRV_CARDS];
-
-
-/*
- * convert a sampling rate into our full speed format (fs/1000 in Q16.16)
- * this will overflow at approx 524 kHz
- */
-static inline unsigned get_usb_full_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
-{
-	return ((rate << 13) + 62) / 125;
-}
-
-/*
- * convert a sampling rate into USB high speed format (fs/8000 in Q16.16)
- * this will overflow at approx 4 MHz
- */
-static inline unsigned get_usb_high_speed_rate(unsigned int rate)
-{
-	return ((rate << 10) + 62) / 125;
-}
-
-/* convert our full speed USB rate into sampling rate in Hz */
-static inline unsigned get_full_speed_hz(unsigned int usb_rate)
-{
-	return (usb_rate * 125 + (1 << 12)) >> 13;
-}
-
-/* convert our high speed USB rate into sampling rate in Hz */
-static inline unsigned get_high_speed_hz(unsigned int usb_rate)
-{
-	return (usb_rate * 125 + (1 << 9)) >> 10;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for full speed capture sync pipe
- *
- * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
- * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				    struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	cp[0] = subs->freqn >> 2;
-	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 10;
-	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 18;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for high speed capture sync pipe
- *
- * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
- * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	cp[0] = subs->freqn;
-	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 8;
-	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 16;
-	cp[3] = subs->freqn >> 24;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after capture sync complete
- * - nothing to do
- */
-static int retire_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				   struct urb *urb)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for capture data pipe
- *
- * fill the offset and length of each descriptor.
- *
- * we use a temporary buffer to write the captured data.
- * since the length of written data is determined by host, we cannot
- * write onto the pcm buffer directly...  the data is thus copied
- * later at complete callback to the global buffer.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	int i, offs;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	offs = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = subs->curpacksize;
-		offs += subs->curpacksize;
-	}
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
-	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after capture complete
- *
- * copy the data from each desctiptor to the pcm buffer, and
- * update the current position.
- */
-static int retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			      struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned char *cp;
-	int i;
-	unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
-	int period_elapsed = 0;
-
-	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
-		cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
-		if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "frame %d active: %d\n", i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
-			// continue;
-		}
-		bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
-		frames = bytes / stride;
-		if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
-			bytes = frames * stride;
-		if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-			int oldbytes = bytes;
-#endif
-			bytes = frames * stride;
-			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
-							oldbytes, bytes);
-		}
-		/* update the current pointer */
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-		oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
-		subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
-		if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
-			subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
-		frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
-		subs->transfer_done += frames;
-		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
-			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
-			period_elapsed = 1;
-		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-		/* copy a data chunk */
-		if (oldptr + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
-			unsigned int bytes1 =
-					runtime->buffer_size * stride - oldptr;
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
-		} else {
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
-		}
-	}
-	if (period_elapsed)
-		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Process after capture complete when paused.  Nothing to do.
- */
-static int retire_paused_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				     struct urb *urb)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for full speed playback sync pipe
- *
- * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
- */
-
-static int prepare_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				     struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for high speed playback sync pipe
- *
- * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
- */
-
-static int prepare_playback_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-					struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-					struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after full speed playback sync complete
- *
- * retrieve the current 10.14 frequency from pipe, and set it.
- * the value is referred in prepare_playback_urb().
- */
-static int retire_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				    struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int f;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
-	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3) {
-		f = combine_triple((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) << 2;
-		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-			subs->freqm = f;
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after high speed playback sync complete
- *
- * retrieve the current 12.13 frequency from pipe, and set it.
- * the value is referred in prepare_playback_urb().
- */
-static int retire_playback_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int f;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
-	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 4) {
-		f = combine_quad((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) & 0x0fffffff;
-		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-			subs->freqm = f;
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after E-Mu 0202/0404/Tracker Pre high speed playback sync complete
- *
- * These devices return the number of samples per packet instead of the number
- * of samples per microframe.
- */
-static int retire_playback_sync_urb_hs_emu(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-					   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-					   struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int f;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status == 0 &&
-	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 4) {
-		f = combine_quad((u8*)urb->transfer_buffer) & 0x0fffffff;
-		f >>= subs->datainterval;
-		if (f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax) {
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-			subs->freqm = f;
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* determine the number of frames in the next packet */
-static int snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	if (subs->fill_max)
-		return subs->maxframesize;
-	else {
-		subs->phase = (subs->phase & 0xffff)
-			+ (subs->freqm << subs->datainterval);
-		return min(subs->phase >> 16, subs->maxframesize);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Prepare urb for streaming before playback starts or when paused.
- *
- * We don't have any data, so we send silence.
- */
-static int prepare_nodata_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int i, offs, counts;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	offs = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev;
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
-		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs * stride;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
-		offs += counts;
-	}
-	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * stride;
-	memset(urb->transfer_buffer,
-	       subs->cur_audiofmt->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ? 0x80 : 0,
-	       offs * stride);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for playback data pipe
- *
- * Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
- * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
- * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
- * for all URBs.
- */
-static int prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				struct urb *urb)
-{
-	int i, stride;
-	unsigned int counts, frames, bytes;
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int period_elapsed = 0;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	frames = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->number_of_packets = 0;
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
-		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
-		/* set up descriptor */
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
-		frames += counts;
-		urb->number_of_packets++;
-		subs->transfer_done += counts;
-		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
-			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
-			period_elapsed = 1;
-			if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
-				if (subs->transfer_done > 0) {
-					/* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
-					 * supported yet */
-					frames -= subs->transfer_done;
-					counts -= subs->transfer_done;
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
-						counts * stride;
-					subs->transfer_done = 0;
-				}
-				i++;
-				if (i < ctx->packets) {
-					/* add a transfer delimiter */
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
-						frames * stride;
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
-					urb->number_of_packets++;
-				}
-				break;
-			}
- 		}
-		if (period_elapsed) /* finish at the period boundary */
-			break;
-	}
-	bytes = frames * stride;
-	if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
-		/* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
-		unsigned int bytes1 =
-			runtime->buffer_size * stride - subs->hwptr_done;
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
-		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + bytes1,
-		       runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
-	} else {
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
-		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
-	}
-	subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
-	if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
-		subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
-	runtime->delay += frames;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
-	if (period_elapsed)
-		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after playback data complete
- * - decrease the delay count again
- */
-static int retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-	int processed = urb->transfer_buffer_length / stride;
-
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-	if (processed > runtime->delay)
-		runtime->delay = 0;
-	else
-		runtime->delay -= processed;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- */
-static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops[2] = {
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_playback_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_playback_sync_urb,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_playback_sync_urb,
-	},
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_capture_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_capture_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_capture_sync_urb,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_capture_sync_urb,
-	},
-};
-
-static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops_high_speed[2] = {
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_playback_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_playback_sync_urb_hs,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_playback_sync_urb_hs,
-	},
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_capture_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_capture_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_capture_sync_urb,
-	},
-};
-
-/*
- * complete callback from data urb
- */
-static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
-	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
-	    (err = subs->ops.prepare(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
-	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
-		clear_bit(ctx->index, &subs->active_mask);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
-			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * complete callback from sync urb
- */
-static void snd_complete_sync_urb(struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
-	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
-	    (err = subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
-	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
-		clear_bit(ctx->index + 16, &subs->active_mask);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit sync urb (err = %d)\n", err);
-			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * unlink active urbs.
- */
-static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force, int can_sleep)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	int async;
-
-	subs->running = 0;
-
-	if (!force && subs->stream->chip->shutdown) /* to be sure... */
-		return -EBADFD;
-
-	async = !can_sleep && async_unlink;
-
-	if (!async && in_interrupt())
-		return 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask)) {
-			if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
-				struct urb *u = subs->dataurb[i].urb;
-				if (async)
-					usb_unlink_urb(u);
-				else
-					usb_kill_urb(u);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			if (test_bit(i+16, &subs->active_mask)) {
-				if (!test_and_set_bit(i+16, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
-					struct urb *u = subs->syncurb[i].urb;
-					if (async)
-						usb_unlink_urb(u);
-					else
-						usb_kill_urb(u);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-static const char *usb_error_string(int err)
-{
-	switch (err) {
-	case -ENODEV:
-		return "no device";
-	case -ENOENT:
-		return "endpoint not enabled";
-	case -EPIPE:
-		return "endpoint stalled";
-	case -ENOSPC:
-		return "not enough bandwidth";
-	case -ESHUTDOWN:
-		return "device disabled";
-	case -EHOSTUNREACH:
-		return "device suspended";
-	case -EINVAL:
-	case -EAGAIN:
-	case -EFBIG:
-	case -EMSGSIZE:
-		return "internal error";
-	default:
-		return "unknown error";
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * set up and start data/sync urbs
- */
-static int start_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	int err;
-
-	if (subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
-		return -EBADFD;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->dataurb[i].urb))
-			return -EINVAL;
-		if (subs->ops.prepare(subs, runtime, subs->dataurb[i].urb) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare datapipe for urb %d\n", i);
-			goto __error;
-		}
-	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->syncurb[i].urb))
-				return -EINVAL;
-			if (subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, runtime, subs->syncurb[i].urb) < 0) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare syncpipe for urb %d\n", i);
-				goto __error;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	subs->active_mask = 0;
-	subs->unlink_mask = 0;
-	subs->running = 1;
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		err = usb_submit_urb(subs->dataurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit datapipe "
-				   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
-				   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
-			goto __error;
-		}
-		set_bit(i, &subs->active_mask);
-	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			err = usb_submit_urb(subs->syncurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
-			if (err < 0) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit syncpipe "
-					   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
-					   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
-				goto __error;
-			}
-			set_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-
- __error:
-	// snd_pcm_stop(subs->pcm_substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
-	return -EPIPE;
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  wait until all urbs are processed.
- */
-static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
-	unsigned int i;
-	int alive;
-
-	do {
-		alive = 0;
-		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-			if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask))
-				alive++;
-		}
-		if (subs->syncpipe) {
-			for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-				if (test_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask))
-					alive++;
-			}
-		}
-		if (! alive)
-			break;
-		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
-	} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
-	if (alive)
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "timeout: still %d active urbs..\n", alive);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * return the current pcm pointer.  just based on the hwptr_done value.
- */
-static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_usb_pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
-	unsigned int hwptr_done;
-	
-	subs = (struct snd_usb_substream *)substream->runtime->private_data;
-	spin_lock(&subs->lock);
-	hwptr_done = subs->hwptr_done;
-	spin_unlock(&subs->lock);
-	return hwptr_done / (substream->runtime->frame_bits >> 3);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * start/stop playback substream
- */
-static int snd_usb_pcm_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-					int cmd)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_playback_urb;
-		return 0;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
-		return 0;
-	default:
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * start/stop capture substream
- */
-static int snd_usb_pcm_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				       int cmd)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
-		return start_urbs(subs, substream->runtime);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_paused_capture_urb;
-		return 0;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
-		return 0;
-	default:
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * release a urb data
- */
-static void release_urb_ctx(struct snd_urb_ctx *u)
-{
-	if (u->urb) {
-		if (u->buffer_size)
-			usb_buffer_free(u->subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
-					u->urb->transfer_buffer,
-					u->urb->transfer_dma);
-		usb_free_urb(u->urb);
-		u->urb = NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * release a substream
- */
-static void release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	/* stop urbs (to be sure) */
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, force, 1);
-	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_URBS; i++)
-		release_urb_ctx(&subs->dataurb[i]);
-	for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++)
-		release_urb_ctx(&subs->syncurb[i]);
-	usb_buffer_free(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
-			subs->syncbuf, subs->sync_dma);
-	subs->syncbuf = NULL;
-	subs->nurbs = 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * initialize a substream for plaback/capture
- */
-static int init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, unsigned int period_bytes,
-			       unsigned int rate, unsigned int frame_bits)
-{
-	unsigned int maxsize, i;
-	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	unsigned int urb_packs, total_packs, packs_per_ms;
-
-	/* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
-		subs->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(rate);
-	else
-		subs->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(rate);
-	subs->freqm = subs->freqn;
-	/* calculate max. frequency */
-	if (subs->maxpacksize) {
-		/* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
-		maxsize = subs->maxpacksize;
-		subs->freqmax = (maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
-				<< (16 - subs->datainterval);
-	} else {
-		/* no max. packet size: just take 25% higher than nominal */
-		subs->freqmax = subs->freqn + (subs->freqn >> 2);
-		maxsize = ((subs->freqmax + 0xffff) * (frame_bits >> 3))
-				>> (16 - subs->datainterval);
-	}
-	subs->phase = 0;
-
-	if (subs->fill_max)
-		subs->curpacksize = subs->maxpacksize;
-	else
-		subs->curpacksize = maxsize;
-
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-		packs_per_ms = 8 >> subs->datainterval;
-	else
-		packs_per_ms = 1;
-
-	if (is_playback) {
-		urb_packs = max(nrpacks, 1);
-		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, (unsigned int)MAX_PACKS);
-	} else
-		urb_packs = 1;
-	urb_packs *= packs_per_ms;
-	if (subs->syncpipe)
-		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, 1U << subs->syncinterval);
-
-	/* decide how many packets to be used */
-	if (is_playback) {
-		unsigned int minsize, maxpacks;
-		/* determine how small a packet can be */
-		minsize = (subs->freqn >> (16 - subs->datainterval))
-			  * (frame_bits >> 3);
-		/* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
-		if (subs->syncpipe)
-			minsize -= minsize >> 3;
-		minsize = max(minsize, 1u);
-		total_packs = (period_bytes + minsize - 1) / minsize;
-		/* we need at least two URBs for queueing */
-		if (total_packs < 2) {
-			total_packs = 2;
-		} else {
-			/* and we don't want too long a queue either */
-			maxpacks = max(MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms, urb_packs * 2);
-			total_packs = min(total_packs, maxpacks);
-		}
-	} else {
-		while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= period_bytes)
-			urb_packs >>= 1;
-		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
-	}
-	subs->nurbs = (total_packs + urb_packs - 1) / urb_packs;
-	if (subs->nurbs > MAX_URBS) {
-		/* too much... */
-		subs->nurbs = MAX_URBS;
-		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
-	} else if (subs->nurbs < 2) {
-		/* too little - we need at least two packets
-		 * to ensure contiguous playback/capture
-		 */
-		subs->nurbs = 2;
-	}
-
-	/* allocate and initialize data urbs */
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->dataurb[i];
-		u->index = i;
-		u->subs = subs;
-		u->packets = (i + 1) * total_packs / subs->nurbs
-			- i * total_packs / subs->nurbs;
-		u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;
-		if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
-			u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
-		u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!u->urb)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		u->urb->transfer_buffer =
-			usb_buffer_alloc(subs->dev, u->buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL,
-					 &u->urb->transfer_dma);
-		if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		u->urb->pipe = subs->datapipe;
-		u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
-		u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->datainterval;
-		u->urb->context = u;
-		u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
-	}
-
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		/* allocate and initialize sync urbs */
-		subs->syncbuf = usb_buffer_alloc(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
-						 GFP_KERNEL, &subs->sync_dma);
-		if (!subs->syncbuf)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->syncurb[i];
-			u->index = i;
-			u->subs = subs;
-			u->packets = 1;
-			u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
-			if (!u->urb)
-				goto out_of_memory;
-			u->urb->transfer_buffer = subs->syncbuf + i * 4;
-			u->urb->transfer_dma = subs->sync_dma + i * 4;
-			u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
-			u->urb->pipe = subs->syncpipe;
-			u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP |
-						 URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
-			u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
-			u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->syncinterval;
-			u->urb->context = u;
-			u->urb->complete = snd_complete_sync_urb;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-
-out_of_memory:
-	release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
-	return -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * find a matching audio format
- */
-static struct audioformat *find_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, unsigned int format,
-				       unsigned int rate, unsigned int channels)
-{
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct audioformat *found = NULL;
-	int cur_attr = 0, attr;
-
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		if (fp->format != format || fp->channels != channels)
-			continue;
-		if (rate < fp->rate_min || rate > fp->rate_max)
-			continue;
-		if (! (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)) {
-			unsigned int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++)
-				if (fp->rate_table[i] == rate)
-					break;
-			if (i >= fp->nr_rates)
-				continue;
-		}
-		attr = fp->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
-		if (! found) {
-			found = fp;
-			cur_attr = attr;
-			continue;
-		}
-		/* avoid async out and adaptive in if the other method
-		 * supports the same format.
-		 * this is a workaround for the case like
-		 * M-audio audiophile USB.
-		 */
-		if (attr != cur_attr) {
-			if ((attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
-			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
-			    (attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
-			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE))
-				continue;
-			if ((cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC &&
-			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) ||
-			    (cur_attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE &&
-			     subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)) {
-				found = fp;
-				cur_attr = attr;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		/* find the format with the largest max. packet size */
-		if (fp->maxpacksize > found->maxpacksize) {
-			found = fp;
-			cur_attr = attr;
-		}
-	}
-	return found;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * initialize the picth control and sample rate
- */
-static int init_usb_pitch(struct usb_device *dev, int iface,
-			  struct usb_host_interface *alts,
-			  struct audioformat *fmt)
-{
-	unsigned int ep;
-	unsigned char data[1];
-	int err;
-
-	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
-	/* if endpoint has pitch control, enable it */
-	if (fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL) {
-		data[0] = 1;
-		if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
-					   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_OUT,
-					   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_PITCH_CONTROL << 8, ep, data, 1, 1000)) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: cannot set enable PITCH\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface, ep);
-			return err;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_usb_sample_rate(struct usb_device *dev, int iface,
-				struct usb_host_interface *alts,
-				struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
-{
-	unsigned int ep;
-	unsigned char data[3];
-	int err;
-
-	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
-	/* if endpoint has sampling rate control, set it */
-	if (fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE) {
-		int crate;
-		data[0] = rate;
-		data[1] = rate >> 8;
-		data[2] = rate >> 16;
-		if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
-					   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_OUT,
-					   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep, data, 3, 1000)) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: cannot set freq %d to ep %#x\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting, rate, ep);
-			return err;
-		}
-		if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
-					   USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT|USB_DIR_IN,
-					   UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep, data, 3, 1000)) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%d:%d: cannot get freq at ep %#x\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface, fmt->altsetting, ep);
-			return 0; /* some devices don't support reading */
-		}
-		crate = data[0] | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16);
-		if (crate != rate) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_WARNING "current rate %d is different from the runtime rate %d\n", crate, rate);
-			// runtime->rate = crate;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * For E-Mu 0404USB/0202USB/TrackerPre sample rate should be set for device,
- * not for interface.
- */
-static void set_format_emu_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				 struct audioformat *fmt)
-{
-	unsigned char emu_samplerate_id = 0;
-
-	/* When capture is active
-	 * sample rate shouldn't be changed
-	 * by playback substream
-	 */
-	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-		if (subs->stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].interface != -1)
-			return;
-	}
-
-	switch (fmt->rate_min) {
-	case 48000:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_48000HZ;
-		break;
-	case 88200:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_88200HZ;
-		break;
-	case 96000:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_96000HZ;
-		break;
-	case 176400:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_176400HZ;
-		break;
-	case 192000:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_192000HZ;
-		break;
-	default:
-		emu_samplerate_id = EMU_QUIRK_SR_44100HZ;
-		break;
-	}
-	snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(subs->stream->chip, emu_samplerate_id);
-}
-
-/*
- * find a matching format and set up the interface
- */
-static int set_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct audioformat *fmt)
-{
-	struct usb_device *dev = subs->dev;
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	struct usb_interface *iface;
-	unsigned int ep, attr;
-	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	int err;
-
-	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, fmt->iface);
-	if (WARN_ON(!iface))
-		return -EINVAL;
-	alts = &iface->altsetting[fmt->altset_idx];
-	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-	if (WARN_ON(altsd->bAlternateSetting != fmt->altsetting))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	if (fmt == subs->cur_audiofmt)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* close the old interface */
-	if (subs->interface >= 0 && subs->interface != fmt->iface) {
-		if (usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: return to setting 0 failed\n",
-				dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EIO;
-		}
-		subs->interface = -1;
-		subs->format = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* set interface */
-	if (subs->interface != fmt->iface || subs->format != fmt->altset_idx) {
-		if (usb_set_interface(dev, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: usb_set_interface failed\n",
-				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EIO;
-		}
-		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "setting usb interface %d:%d\n", fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-		subs->interface = fmt->iface;
-		subs->format = fmt->altset_idx;
-	}
-
-	/* create a data pipe */
-	ep = fmt->endpoint & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
-	if (is_playback)
-		subs->datapipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
-	else
-		subs->datapipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
-	subs->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
-	subs->syncpipe = subs->syncinterval = 0;
-	subs->maxpacksize = fmt->maxpacksize;
-	subs->fill_max = 0;
-
-	/* we need a sync pipe in async OUT or adaptive IN mode */
-	/* check the number of EP, since some devices have broken
-	 * descriptors which fool us.  if it has only one EP,
-	 * assume it as adaptive-out or sync-in.
-	 */
-	attr = fmt->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
-	if (((is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC) ||
-	     (! is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE)) &&
-	    altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2) {
-		/* check sync-pipe endpoint */
-		/* ... and check descriptor size before accessing bSynchAddress
-		   because there is a version of the SB Audigy 2 NX firmware lacking
-		   the audio fields in the endpoint descriptors */
-		if ((get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) != 0x01 ||
-		    (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
-		     get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress != 0)) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
-				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-		ep = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bEndpointAddress;
-		if (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
-		    (( is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress | USB_DIR_IN)) ||
-		     (!is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress & ~USB_DIR_IN)))) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
-				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-		ep &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
-		if (is_playback)
-			subs->syncpipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
-		else
-			subs->syncpipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
-		if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
-		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh >= 1 &&
-		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh <= 9)
-			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh;
-		else if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
-			subs->syncinterval = 1;
-		else if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval >= 1 &&
-			 get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval <= 16)
-			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval - 1;
-		else
-			subs->syncinterval = 3;
-	}
-
-	/* always fill max packet size */
-	if (fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX)
-		subs->fill_max = 1;
-
-	if ((err = init_usb_pitch(dev, subs->interface, alts, fmt)) < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	subs->cur_audiofmt = fmt;
-
-	switch (subs->stream->chip->usb_id) {
-	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f02): /* E-Mu 0202 USB */
-	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f04): /* E-Mu 0404 USB */
-	case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f0a): /* E-Mu Tracker Pre */
-		set_format_emu_quirk(subs, fmt);
-		break;
-	}
-
-#if 0
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG
-	       "setting done: format = %d, rate = %d..%d, channels = %d\n",
-	       fmt->format, fmt->rate_min, fmt->rate_max, fmt->channels);
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG
-	       "  datapipe = 0x%0x, syncpipe = 0x%0x\n",
-	       subs->datapipe, subs->syncpipe);
-#endif
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * hw_params callback
- *
- * allocate a buffer and set the given audio format.
- *
- * so far we use a physically linear buffer although packetize transfer
- * doesn't need a continuous area.
- * if sg buffer is supported on the later version of alsa, we'll follow
- * that.
- */
-static int snd_usb_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
-	struct audioformat *fmt;
-	unsigned int channels, rate, format;
-	int ret, changed;
-
-	ret = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	format = params_format(hw_params);
-	rate = params_rate(hw_params);
-	channels = params_channels(hw_params);
-	fmt = find_format(subs, format, rate, channels);
-	if (!fmt) {
-		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "cannot set format: format = %#x, rate = %d, channels = %d\n",
-			   format, rate, channels);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	changed = subs->cur_audiofmt != fmt ||
-		subs->period_bytes != params_period_bytes(hw_params) ||
-		subs->cur_rate != rate;
-	if ((ret = set_format(subs, fmt)) < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (subs->cur_rate != rate) {
-		struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-		struct usb_interface *iface;
-		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(subs->dev, fmt->iface);
-		alts = &iface->altsetting[fmt->altset_idx];
-		ret = init_usb_sample_rate(subs->dev, subs->interface, alts, fmt, rate);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			return ret;
-		subs->cur_rate = rate;
-	}
-
-	if (changed) {
-		/* format changed */
-		release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
-		/* influenced: period_bytes, channels, rate, format, */
-		ret = init_substream_urbs(subs, params_period_bytes(hw_params),
-					  params_rate(hw_params),
-					  snd_pcm_format_physical_width(params_format(hw_params)) * params_channels(hw_params));
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * hw_free callback
- *
- * reset the audio format and release the buffer
- */
-static int snd_usb_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
-
-	subs->cur_audiofmt = NULL;
-	subs->cur_rate = 0;
-	subs->period_bytes = 0;
-	if (!subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
-		release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare callback
- *
- * only a few subtle things...
- */
-static int snd_usb_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = runtime->private_data;
-
-	if (! subs->cur_audiofmt) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "usbaudio: no format is specified!\n");
-		return -ENXIO;
-	}
-
-	/* some unit conversions in runtime */
-	subs->maxframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->maxpacksize);
-	subs->curframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->curpacksize);
-
-	/* reset the pointer */
-	subs->hwptr_done = 0;
-	subs->transfer_done = 0;
-	subs->phase = 0;
-	runtime->delay = 0;
-
-	/* clear urbs (to be sure) */
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 1);
-	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
-
-	/* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
-	 * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
-	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
-		return start_urbs(subs, runtime);
-	} else
-		return 0;
-}
-
-static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_usb_hardware =
-{
-	.info =			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
-				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
-				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
-				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
-				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
-				SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE,
-	.buffer_bytes_max =	1024 * 1024,
-	.period_bytes_min =	64,
-	.period_bytes_max =	512 * 1024,
-	.periods_min =		2,
-	.periods_max =		1024,
-};
-
-/*
- * h/w constraints
- */
-
-#ifdef HW_CONST_DEBUG
-#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##args)
-#else
-#define hwc_debug(fmt, args...) /**/
-#endif
-
-static int hw_check_valid_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-				 struct audioformat *fp)
-{
-	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	struct snd_interval *ct = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-	struct snd_mask *fmts = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
-	struct snd_interval *pt = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
-	unsigned int ptime;
-
-	/* check the format */
-	if (!snd_mask_test(fmts, fp->format)) {
-		hwc_debug("   > check: no supported format %d\n", fp->format);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* check the channels */
-	if (fp->channels < ct->min || fp->channels > ct->max) {
-		hwc_debug("   > check: no valid channels %d (%d/%d)\n", fp->channels, ct->min, ct->max);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* check the rate is within the range */
-	if (fp->rate_min > it->max || (fp->rate_min == it->max && it->openmax)) {
-		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_min %d > max %d\n", fp->rate_min, it->max);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (fp->rate_max < it->min || (fp->rate_max == it->min && it->openmin)) {
-		hwc_debug("   > check: rate_max %d < min %d\n", fp->rate_max, it->min);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	/* check whether the period time is >= the data packet interval */
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
-		ptime = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
-		if (ptime > pt->max || (ptime == pt->max && pt->openmax)) {
-			hwc_debug("   > check: ptime %u > max %u\n", ptime, pt->max);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int hw_rule_rate(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-			struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	unsigned int rmin, rmax;
-	int changed;
-
-	hwc_debug("hw_rule_rate: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
-	changed = 0;
-	rmin = rmax = 0;
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
-			continue;
-		if (changed++) {
-			if (rmin > fp->rate_min)
-				rmin = fp->rate_min;
-			if (rmax < fp->rate_max)
-				rmax = fp->rate_max;
-		} else {
-			rmin = fp->rate_min;
-			rmax = fp->rate_max;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!changed) {
-		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	changed = 0;
-	if (it->min < rmin) {
-		it->min = rmin;
-		it->openmin = 0;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-	if (it->max > rmax) {
-		it->max = rmax;
-		it->openmax = 0;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	hwc_debug("  --> (%d, %d) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
-	return changed;
-}
-
-
-static int hw_rule_channels(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-			    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct snd_interval *it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-	unsigned int rmin, rmax;
-	int changed;
-
-	hwc_debug("hw_rule_channels: (%d,%d)\n", it->min, it->max);
-	changed = 0;
-	rmin = rmax = 0;
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
-			continue;
-		if (changed++) {
-			if (rmin > fp->channels)
-				rmin = fp->channels;
-			if (rmax < fp->channels)
-				rmax = fp->channels;
-		} else {
-			rmin = fp->channels;
-			rmax = fp->channels;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!changed) {
-		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	changed = 0;
-	if (it->min < rmin) {
-		it->min = rmin;
-		it->openmin = 0;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-	if (it->max > rmax) {
-		it->max = rmax;
-		it->openmax = 0;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	hwc_debug("  --> (%d, %d) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
-	return changed;
-}
-
-static int hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-			  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct snd_mask *fmt = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
-	u64 fbits;
-	u32 oldbits[2];
-	int changed;
-
-	hwc_debug("hw_rule_format: %x:%x\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1]);
-	fbits = 0;
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
-			continue;
-		fbits |= (1ULL << fp->format);
-	}
-
-	oldbits[0] = fmt->bits[0];
-	oldbits[1] = fmt->bits[1];
-	fmt->bits[0] &= (u32)fbits;
-	fmt->bits[1] &= (u32)(fbits >> 32);
-	if (!fmt->bits[0] && !fmt->bits[1]) {
-		hwc_debug("  --> get empty\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	changed = (oldbits[0] != fmt->bits[0] || oldbits[1] != fmt->bits[1]);
-	hwc_debug("  --> %x:%x (changed = %d)\n", fmt->bits[0], fmt->bits[1], changed);
-	return changed;
-}
-
-static int hw_rule_period_time(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-			       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = rule->private;
-	struct audioformat *fp;
-	struct snd_interval *it;
-	unsigned char min_datainterval;
-	unsigned int pmin;
-	int changed;
-
-	it = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
-	hwc_debug("hw_rule_period_time: (%u,%u)\n", it->min, it->max);
-	min_datainterval = 0xff;
-	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
-		if (!hw_check_valid_format(subs, params, fp))
-			continue;
-		min_datainterval = min(min_datainterval, fp->datainterval);
-	}
-	if (min_datainterval == 0xff) {
-		hwc_debug("  --> get emtpy\n");
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	pmin = 125 * (1 << min_datainterval);
-	changed = 0;
-	if (it->min < pmin) {
-		it->min = pmin;
-		it->openmin = 0;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-	if (snd_interval_checkempty(it)) {
-		it->empty = 1;
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	hwc_debug("  --> (%u,%u) (changed = %d)\n", it->min, it->max, changed);
-	return changed;
-}
-
-/*
- *  If the device supports unusual bit rates, does the request meet these?
- */
-static int snd_usb_pcm_check_knot(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				  struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	struct audioformat *fp;
-	int count = 0, needs_knot = 0;
-	int err;
-
-	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
-		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
-			return 0;
-		count += fp->nr_rates;
-		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT)
-			needs_knot = 1;
-	}
-	if (!needs_knot)
-		return 0;
-
-	subs->rate_list.count = count;
-	subs->rate_list.list = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
-	subs->rate_list.mask = 0;
-	count = 0;
-	list_for_each_entry(fp, &subs->fmt_list, list) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++)
-			subs->rate_list.list[count++] = fp->rate_table[i];
-	}
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-					 &subs->rate_list);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * set up the runtime hardware information.
- */
-
-static int setup_hw_info(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	struct list_head *p;
-	unsigned int pt, ptmin;
-	int param_period_time_if_needed;
-	int err;
-
-	runtime->hw.formats = subs->formats;
-
-	runtime->hw.rate_min = 0x7fffffff;
-	runtime->hw.rate_max = 0;
-	runtime->hw.channels_min = 256;
-	runtime->hw.channels_max = 0;
-	runtime->hw.rates = 0;
-	ptmin = UINT_MAX;
-	/* check min/max rates and channels */
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		runtime->hw.rates |= fp->rates;
-		if (runtime->hw.rate_min > fp->rate_min)
-			runtime->hw.rate_min = fp->rate_min;
-		if (runtime->hw.rate_max < fp->rate_max)
-			runtime->hw.rate_max = fp->rate_max;
-		if (runtime->hw.channels_min > fp->channels)
-			runtime->hw.channels_min = fp->channels;
-		if (runtime->hw.channels_max < fp->channels)
-			runtime->hw.channels_max = fp->channels;
-		if (fp->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II && fp->frame_size > 0) {
-			/* FIXME: there might be more than one audio formats... */
-			runtime->hw.period_bytes_min = runtime->hw.period_bytes_max =
-				fp->frame_size;
-		}
-		pt = 125 * (1 << fp->datainterval);
-		ptmin = min(ptmin, pt);
-	}
-
-	param_period_time_if_needed = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME;
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) != USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-		/* full speed devices have fixed data packet interval */
-		ptmin = 1000;
-	if (ptmin == 1000)
-		/* if period time doesn't go below 1 ms, no rules needed */
-		param_period_time_if_needed = -1;
-	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
-				     ptmin, UINT_MAX);
-
-	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-				       hw_rule_rate, subs,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-				       param_period_time_if_needed,
-				       -1)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-				       hw_rule_channels, subs,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-				       param_period_time_if_needed,
-				       -1)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
-				       hw_rule_format, subs,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-				       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-				       param_period_time_if_needed,
-				       -1)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	if (param_period_time_if_needed >= 0) {
-		err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0,
-					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME,
-					  hw_rule_period_time, subs,
-					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
-					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-					  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-					  -1);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-	if ((err = snd_usb_pcm_check_knot(runtime, subs)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int direction)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
-
-	subs->interface = -1;
-	subs->format = 0;
-	runtime->hw = snd_usb_hardware;
-	runtime->private_data = subs;
-	subs->pcm_substream = substream;
-	return setup_hw_info(runtime, subs);
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int direction)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
-
-	if (!as->chip->shutdown && subs->interface >= 0) {
-		usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0);
-		subs->interface = -1;
-	}
-	subs->pcm_substream = NULL;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	return snd_usb_pcm_open(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	return snd_usb_pcm_close(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	return snd_usb_pcm_open(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	return snd_usb_pcm_close(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
-}
-
-static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_playback_ops = {
-	.open =		snd_usb_playback_open,
-	.close =	snd_usb_playback_close,
-	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
-	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
-	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
-	.trigger =	snd_usb_pcm_playback_trigger,
-	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
-	.page =		snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
-	.mmap =		snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
-};
-
-static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_capture_ops = {
-	.open =		snd_usb_capture_open,
-	.close =	snd_usb_capture_close,
-	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-	.hw_params =	snd_usb_hw_params,
-	.hw_free =	snd_usb_hw_free,
-	.prepare =	snd_usb_pcm_prepare,
-	.trigger =	snd_usb_pcm_capture_trigger,
-	.pointer =	snd_usb_pcm_pointer,
-	.page =		snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
-	.mmap =		snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
-};
-
-
-
-/*
- * helper functions
- */
-
-/*
- * combine bytes and get an integer value
- */
-unsigned int snd_usb_combine_bytes(unsigned char *bytes, int size)
-{
-	switch (size) {
-	case 1:  return *bytes;
-	case 2:  return combine_word(bytes);
-	case 3:  return combine_triple(bytes);
-	case 4:  return combine_quad(bytes);
-	default: return 0;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * parse descriptor buffer and return the pointer starting the given
- * descriptor type.
- */
-void *snd_usb_find_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dtype)
-{
-	u8 *p, *end, *next;
-
-	p = descstart;
-	end = p + desclen;
-	for (; p < end;) {
-		if (p[0] < 2)
-			return NULL;
-		next = p + p[0];
-		if (next > end)
-			return NULL;
-		if (p[1] == dtype && (!after || (void *)p > after)) {
-			return p;
-		}
-		p = next;
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * find a class-specified interface descriptor with the given subtype.
- */
-void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *buffer, int buflen, void *after, u8 dsubtype)
-{
-	unsigned char *p = after;
-
-	while ((p = snd_usb_find_desc(buffer, buflen, p,
-				      USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE)) != NULL) {
-		if (p[0] >= 3 && p[2] == dsubtype)
-			return p;
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Wrapper for usb_control_msg().
- * Allocates a temp buffer to prevent dmaing from/to the stack.
- */
-int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe, __u8 request,
-		    __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index, void *data,
-		    __u16 size, int timeout)
-{
-	int err;
-	void *buf = NULL;
-
-	if (size > 0) {
-		buf = kmemdup(data, size, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!buf)
-			return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-	err = usb_control_msg(dev, pipe, request, requesttype,
-			      value, index, buf, size, timeout);
-	if (size > 0) {
-		memcpy(data, buf, size);
-		kfree(buf);
-	}
-	return err;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * entry point for linux usb interface
- */
-
-static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
-			   const struct usb_device_id *id);
-static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_PM
-static int usb_audio_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message);
-static int usb_audio_resume(struct usb_interface *intf);
-#else
-#define usb_audio_suspend NULL
-#define usb_audio_resume NULL
-#endif
-
-static struct usb_device_id usb_audio_ids [] = {
-#include "usbquirks.h"
-    { .match_flags = (USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS | USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS),
-      .bInterfaceClass = USB_CLASS_AUDIO,
-      .bInterfaceSubClass = USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOCONTROL },
-    { }						/* Terminating entry */
-};
-
-MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, usb_audio_ids);
-
-static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver = {
-	.name =		"snd-usb-audio",
-	.probe =	usb_audio_probe,
-	.disconnect =	usb_audio_disconnect,
-	.suspend =	usb_audio_suspend,
-	.resume =	usb_audio_resume,
-	.id_table =	usb_audio_ids,
-};
-
-
-#if defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS) && defined(CONFIG_SND_VERBOSE_PROCFS)
-
-/*
- * proc interface for list the supported pcm formats
- */
-static void proc_dump_substream_formats(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	struct list_head *p;
-	static char *sync_types[4] = {
-		"NONE", "ASYNC", "ADAPTIVE", "SYNC"
-	};
-
-	list_for_each(p, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp;
-		fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Interface %d\n", fp->iface);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Altset %d\n", fp->altsetting);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Format: %s\n",
-			    snd_pcm_format_name(fp->format));
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Channels: %d\n", fp->channels);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Endpoint: %d %s (%s)\n",
-			    fp->endpoint & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK,
-			    fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN ? "IN" : "OUT",
-			    sync_types[(fp->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE) >> 2]);
-		if (fp->rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS) {
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Rates: %d - %d (continuous)\n",
-				    fp->rate_min, fp->rate_max);
-		} else {
-			unsigned int i;
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Rates: ");
-			for (i = 0; i < fp->nr_rates; i++) {
-				if (i > 0)
-					snd_iprintf(buffer, ", ");
-				snd_iprintf(buffer, "%d", fp->rate_table[i]);
-			}
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
-		}
-		if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Data packet interval: %d us\n",
-				    125 * (1 << fp->datainterval));
-		// snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Max Packet Size = %d\n", fp->maxpacksize);
-		// snd_iprintf(buffer, "    EP Attribute = %#x\n", fp->attributes);
-	}
-}
-
-static void proc_dump_substream_status(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	if (subs->running) {
-		unsigned int i;
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Running\n");
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Interface = %d\n", subs->interface);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Altset = %d\n", subs->format);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    URBs = %d [ ", subs->nurbs);
-		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++)
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%d ", subs->dataurb[i].packets);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "]\n");
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Packet Size = %d\n", subs->curpacksize);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Momentary freq = %u Hz (%#x.%04x)\n",
-			    snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL
-			    ? get_full_speed_hz(subs->freqm)
-			    : get_high_speed_hz(subs->freqm),
-			    subs->freqm >> 16, subs->freqm & 0xffff);
-	} else {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Stop\n");
-	}
-}
-
-static void proc_pcm_format_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_stream *stream = entry->private_data;
-
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s : %s\n", stream->chip->card->longname, stream->pcm->name);
-
-	if (stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].num_formats) {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\nPlayback:\n");
-		proc_dump_substream_status(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK], buffer);
-		proc_dump_substream_formats(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK], buffer);
-	}
-	if (stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].num_formats) {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\nCapture:\n");
-		proc_dump_substream_status(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE], buffer);
-		proc_dump_substream_formats(&stream->substream[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE], buffer);
-	}
-}
-
-static void proc_pcm_format_add(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
-{
-	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
-	char name[32];
-	struct snd_card *card = stream->chip->card;
-
-	sprintf(name, "stream%d", stream->pcm_index);
-	if (!snd_card_proc_new(card, name, &entry))
-		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, stream, proc_pcm_format_read);
-}
-
-#else
-
-static inline void proc_pcm_format_add(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
-{
-}
-
-#endif
-
-/*
- * initialize the substream instance.
- */
-
-static void init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as, int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[stream];
-
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subs->fmt_list);
-	spin_lock_init(&subs->lock);
-
-	subs->stream = as;
-	subs->direction = stream;
-	subs->dev = as->chip->dev;
-	subs->txfr_quirk = as->chip->txfr_quirk;
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL) {
-		subs->ops = audio_urb_ops[stream];
-	} else {
-		subs->ops = audio_urb_ops_high_speed[stream];
-		switch (as->chip->usb_id) {
-		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f02): /* E-Mu 0202 USB */
-		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f04): /* E-Mu 0404 USB */
-		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3f0a): /* E-Mu Tracker Pre */
-			subs->ops.retire_sync = retire_playback_sync_urb_hs_emu;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	snd_pcm_set_ops(as->pcm, stream,
-			stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ?
-			&snd_usb_playback_ops : &snd_usb_capture_ops);
-
-	list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
-	subs->formats |= 1ULL << fp->format;
-	subs->endpoint = fp->endpoint;
-	subs->num_formats++;
-	subs->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * free a substream
- */
-static void free_substream(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	struct list_head *p, *n;
-
-	if (!subs->num_formats)
-		return; /* not initialized */
-	list_for_each_safe(p, n, &subs->fmt_list) {
-		struct audioformat *fp = list_entry(p, struct audioformat, list);
-		kfree(fp->rate_table);
-		kfree(fp);
-	}
-	kfree(subs->rate_list.list);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * free a usb stream instance
- */
-static void snd_usb_audio_stream_free(struct snd_usb_stream *stream)
-{
-	free_substream(&stream->substream[0]);
-	free_substream(&stream->substream[1]);
-	list_del(&stream->list);
-	kfree(stream);
-}
-
-static void snd_usb_audio_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_stream *stream = pcm->private_data;
-	if (stream) {
-		stream->pcm = NULL;
-		snd_usb_audio_stream_free(stream);
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * add this endpoint to the chip instance.
- * if a stream with the same endpoint already exists, append to it.
- * if not, create a new pcm stream.
- */
-static int add_audio_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
-{
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
-	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-	int err;
-
-	list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-		as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
-			continue;
-		subs = &as->substream[stream];
-		if (!subs->endpoint)
-			continue;
-		if (subs->endpoint == fp->endpoint) {
-			list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
-			subs->num_formats++;
-			subs->formats |= 1ULL << fp->format;
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	/* look for an empty stream */
-	list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-		as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
-			continue;
-		subs = &as->substream[stream];
-		if (subs->endpoint)
-			continue;
-		err = snd_pcm_new_stream(as->pcm, stream, 1);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-		init_substream(as, stream, fp);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* create a new pcm */
-	as = kzalloc(sizeof(*as), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!as)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	as->pcm_index = chip->pcm_devs;
-	as->chip = chip;
-	as->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
-	err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, "USB Audio", chip->pcm_devs,
-			  stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 1 : 0,
-			  stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 0 : 1,
-			  &pcm);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		kfree(as);
-		return err;
-	}
-	as->pcm = pcm;
-	pcm->private_data = as;
-	pcm->private_free = snd_usb_audio_pcm_free;
-	pcm->info_flags = 0;
-	if (chip->pcm_devs > 0)
-		sprintf(pcm->name, "USB Audio #%d", chip->pcm_devs);
-	else
-		strcpy(pcm->name, "USB Audio");
-
-	init_substream(as, stream, fp);
-
-	list_add(&as->list, &chip->pcm_list);
-	chip->pcm_devs++;
-
-	proc_pcm_format_add(as);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * check if the device uses big-endian samples
- */
-static int is_big_endian_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp)
-{
-	switch (chip->usb_id) {
-	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2001): /* M-Audio Quattro: captured data only */
-		if (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
-			return 1;
-		break;
-	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
-		if (device_setup[chip->index] == 0x00 ||
-		    fp->altsetting==1 || fp->altsetting==2 || fp->altsetting==3)
-			return 1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse the audio format type I descriptor
- * and returns the corresponding pcm format
- *
- * @dev: usb device
- * @fp: audioformat record
- * @format: the format tag (wFormatTag)
- * @fmt: the format type descriptor
- */
-static int parse_audio_format_i_type(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				     struct audioformat *fp,
-				     int format, void *_fmt,
-				     int protocol)
-{
-	int pcm_format, i;
-	int sample_width, sample_bytes;
-
-	switch (protocol) {
-	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
-		struct uac_format_type_i_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
-		sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
-		sample_bytes = fmt->bSubframeSize;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
-		struct uac_format_type_i_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
-		sample_width = fmt->bBitResolution;
-		sample_bytes = fmt->bSubslotSize;
-
-		/*
-		 * FIXME
-		 * USB audio class v2 devices specify a bitmap of possible
-		 * audio formats rather than one fix value. For now, we just
-		 * pick one of them and report that as the only possible
-		 * value for this setting.
-		 * The bit allocation map is in fact compatible to the
-		 * wFormatTag of the v1 AS streaming descriptors, which is why
-		 * we can simply map the matrix.
-		 */
-
-		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-			if (format & (1UL << i)) {
-				format = i + 1;
-				break;
-			}
-
-		break;
-	}
-
-	default:
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	/* FIXME: correct endianess and sign? */
-	pcm_format = -1;
-
-	switch (format) {
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_UNDEFINED: /* some devices don't define this correctly... */
-		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : format type 0 is detected, processed as PCM\n",
-			    chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
-		/* fall-through */
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM:
-		if (sample_width > sample_bytes * 8) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : sample bitwidth %d in over sample bytes %d\n",
-				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
-				   sample_width, sample_bytes);
-		}
-		/* check the format byte size */
-		switch (sample_bytes) {
-		case 1:
-			pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-			break;
-		case 2:
-			if (is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
-			else
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
-			break;
-		case 3:
-			if (is_big_endian_format(chip, fp))
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE; /* grrr, big endian!! */
-			else
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE;
-			break;
-		case 4:
-			pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE;
-			break;
-		default:
-			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unsupported sample bitwidth %d in %d bytes\n",
-				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting,
-				   sample_width, sample_bytes);
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_PCM8:
-		pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
-
-		/* Dallas DS4201 workaround: it advertises U8 format, but really
-		   supports S8. */
-		if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
-			pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_IEEE_FLOAT:
-		pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE;
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_ALAW:
-		pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW;
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I_MULAW:
-		pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW;
-		break;
-	default:
-		snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unsupported format type %d\n",
-			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
-		break;
-	}
-	return pcm_format;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
- * on the audioformat table (audio class v1).
- *
- * @dev: usb device
- * @fp: audioformat record
- * @fmt: the format descriptor
- * @offset: the start offset of descriptor pointing the rate type
- *          (7 for type I and II, 8 for type II)
- */
-static int parse_audio_format_rates_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
-				       unsigned char *fmt, int offset)
-{
-	int nr_rates = fmt[offset];
-
-	if (fmt[0] < offset + 1 + 3 * (nr_rates ? nr_rates : 2)) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
-				   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if (nr_rates) {
-		/*
-		 * build the rate table and bitmap flags
-		 */
-		int r, idx;
-
-		fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (fp->rate_table == NULL) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		fp->nr_rates = 0;
-		fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
-		for (r = 0, idx = offset + 1; r < nr_rates; r++, idx += 3) {
-			unsigned int rate = combine_triple(&fmt[idx]);
-			if (!rate)
-				continue;
-			/* C-Media CM6501 mislabels its 96 kHz altsetting */
-			if (rate == 48000 && nr_rates == 1 &&
-			    (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0201) ||
-			     chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0102)) &&
-			    fp->altsetting == 5 && fp->maxpacksize == 392)
-				rate = 96000;
-			/* Creative VF0470 Live Cam reports 16 kHz instead of 8kHz */
-			if (rate == 16000 && chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x4068))
-				rate = 8000;
-			fp->rate_table[fp->nr_rates] = rate;
-			if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
-				fp->rate_min = rate;
-			if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
-				fp->rate_max = rate;
-			fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
-			fp->nr_rates++;
-		}
-		if (!fp->nr_rates) {
-			hwc_debug("All rates were zero. Skipping format!\n");
-			return -1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* continuous rates */
-		fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
-		fp->rate_min = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 1]);
-		fp->rate_max = combine_triple(&fmt[offset + 4]);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
- * on the audioformat table (audio class v2).
- */
-static int parse_audio_format_rates_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				       struct audioformat *fp,
-				       struct usb_host_interface *iface)
-{
-	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
-	unsigned char tmp[2], *data;
-	int i, nr_rates, data_size, ret = 0;
-
-	/* get the number of sample rates first by only fetching 2 bytes */
-	ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
-			       USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
-			       0x0100, chip->clock_id << 8, tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1000);
-
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to retrieve number of sample rates\n");
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	nr_rates = (tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];
-	data_size = 2 + 12 * nr_rates;
-	data = kzalloc(data_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!data) {
-		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	/* now get the full information */
-	ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_RANGE,
-			       USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
-			       0x0100, chip->clock_id << 8, data, data_size, 1000);
-
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to retrieve sample rate range\n");
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto err_free;
-	}
-
-	fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!fp->rate_table) {
-		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto err_free;
-	}
-
-	fp->nr_rates = 0;
-	fp->rate_min = fp->rate_max = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_rates; i++) {
-		int rate = combine_quad(&data[2 + 12 * i]);
-
-		fp->rate_table[fp->nr_rates] = rate;
-		if (!fp->rate_min || rate < fp->rate_min)
-			fp->rate_min = rate;
-		if (!fp->rate_max || rate > fp->rate_max)
-			fp->rate_max = rate;
-		fp->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
-		fp->nr_rates++;
-	}
-
-err_free:
-	kfree(data);
-err:
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse the format type I and III descriptors
- */
-static int parse_audio_format_i(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				struct audioformat *fp,
-				int format, void *_fmt,
-				struct usb_host_interface *iface)
-{
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(iface);
-	struct uac_format_type_i_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
-	int protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
-	int pcm_format, ret;
-
-	if (fmt->bFormatType == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III) {
-		/* FIXME: the format type is really IECxxx
-		 *        but we give normal PCM format to get the existing
-		 *        apps working...
-		 */
-		switch (chip->usb_id) {
-
-		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
-			if (device_setup[chip->index] == 0x00 && 
-			    fp->altsetting == 6)
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
-			else
-				pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
-			break;
-		default:
-			pcm_format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
-		}
-	} else {
-		pcm_format = parse_audio_format_i_type(chip, fp, format, fmt, protocol);
-		if (pcm_format < 0)
-			return -1;
-	}
-
-	fp->format = pcm_format;
-
-	/* gather possible sample rates */
-	/* audio class v1 reports possible sample rates as part of the
-	 * proprietary class specific descriptor.
-	 * audio class v2 uses class specific EP0 range requests for that.
-	 */
-	switch (protocol) {
-	case UAC_VERSION_1:
-		fp->channels = fmt->bNrChannels;
-		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, _fmt, 7);
-		break;
-	case UAC_VERSION_2:
-		/* fp->channels is already set in this case */
-		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2(chip, fp, iface);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if (fp->channels < 1) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid channels %d\n",
-			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, fp->channels);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse the format type II descriptor
- */
-static int parse_audio_format_ii(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				 struct audioformat *fp,
-				 int format, void *_fmt,
-				 struct usb_host_interface *iface)
-{
-	int brate, framesize, ret;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd = get_iface_desc(iface);
-	int protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
-
-	switch (format) {
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_AC3:
-		/* FIXME: there is no AC3 format defined yet */
-		// fp->format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_AC3;
-		fp->format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8; /* temporarily hack to receive byte streams */
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II_MPEG:
-		fp->format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG;
-		break;
-	default:
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : unknown format tag %#x is detected.  processed as MPEG.\n",
-			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, format);
-		fp->format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	fp->channels = 1;
-
-	switch (protocol) {
-	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
-		struct uac_format_type_ii_discrete_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
-		brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
-		framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
-		fp->frame_size = framesize;
-		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v1(chip, fp, _fmt, 8); /* fmt[8..] sample rates */
-		break;
-	}
-	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
-		struct uac_format_type_ii_ext_descriptor *fmt = _fmt;
-		brate = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wMaxBitRate);
-		framesize = le16_to_cpu(fmt->wSamplesPerFrame);
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "found format II with max.bitrate = %d, frame size=%d\n", brate, framesize);
-		fp->frame_size = framesize;
-		ret = parse_audio_format_rates_v2(chip, fp, iface);
-		break;
-	}
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int parse_audio_format(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, struct audioformat *fp,
-			      int format, unsigned char *fmt, int stream,
-			      struct usb_host_interface *iface)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	switch (fmt[3]) {
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I:
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_III:
-		err = parse_audio_format_i(chip, fp, format, fmt, iface);
-		break;
-	case UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II:
-		err = parse_audio_format_ii(chip, fp, format, fmt, iface);
-		break;
-	default:
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d : format type %d is not supported yet\n",
-			   chip->dev->devnum, fp->iface, fp->altsetting, fmt[3]);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	fp->fmt_type = fmt[3];
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-#if 1
-	/* FIXME: temporary hack for extigy/audigy 2 nx/zs */
-	/* extigy apparently supports sample rates other than 48k
-	 * but not in ordinary way.  so we enable only 48k atm.
-	 */
-	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000) ||
-	    chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020) ||
-	    chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3061)) {
-		if (fmt[3] == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I &&
-		    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 &&
-		    fp->rates != SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000)
-			return -1;
-	}
-#endif
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static unsigned char parse_datainterval(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-					struct usb_host_interface *alts)
-{
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH &&
-	    get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval >= 1 &&
-	    get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval <= 4)
-		return get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bInterval - 1;
-	else
-		return 0;
-}
-
-static int audiophile_skip_setting_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-					 int iface, int altno);
-static int parse_audio_endpoints(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface_no)
-{
-	struct usb_device *dev;
-	struct usb_interface *iface;
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	int i, altno, err, stream;
-	int format = 0, num_channels = 0;
-	struct audioformat *fp = NULL;
-	unsigned char *fmt, *csep;
-	int num, protocol;
-
-	dev = chip->dev;
-
-	/* parse the interface's altsettings */
-	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, iface_no);
-
-	num = iface->num_altsetting;
-
-	/*
-	 * Dallas DS4201 workaround: It presents 5 altsettings, but the last
-	 * one misses syncpipe, and does not produce any sound.
-	 */
-	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x04fa, 0x4201))
-		num = 4;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-		alts = &iface->altsetting[i];
-		altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-		protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
-		/* skip invalid one */
-		if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
-		     altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
-		    (altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING &&
-		     altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
-		    altsd->bNumEndpoints < 1 ||
-		    le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) == 0)
-			continue;
-		/* must be isochronous */
-		if ((get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) !=
-		    USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC)
-			continue;
-		/* check direction */
-		stream = (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress & USB_DIR_IN) ?
-			SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-		altno = altsd->bAlternateSetting;
-	
-		/* audiophile usb: skip altsets incompatible with device_setup
-		 */
-		if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003) && 
-		    audiophile_skip_setting_quirk(chip, iface_no, altno))
-			continue;
-
-		/* get audio formats */
-		switch (protocol) {
-		case UAC_VERSION_1: {
-			struct uac_as_header_descriptor_v1 *as =
-				snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
-
-			if (!as) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
-					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
-					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			format = le16_to_cpu(as->wFormatTag); /* remember the format value */
-			break;
-		}
-
-		case UAC_VERSION_2: {
-			struct uac_as_header_descriptor_v2 *as =
-				snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_AS_GENERAL);
-
-			if (!as) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : UAC_AS_GENERAL descriptor not found\n",
-					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (as->bLength < sizeof(*as)) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_AS_GENERAL desc\n",
-					   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			num_channels = as->bNrChannels;
-			format = le32_to_cpu(as->bmFormats);
-
-			break;
-		}
-
-		default:
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : unknown interface protocol %04x\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, protocol);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/* get format type */
-		fmt = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(alts->extra, alts->extralen, NULL, UAC_FORMAT_TYPE);
-		if (!fmt) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : no UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (((protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) && (fmt[0] < 8)) ||
-		    ((protocol == UAC_VERSION_2) && (fmt[0] != 6))) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : invalid UAC_FORMAT_TYPE desc\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Blue Microphones workaround: The last altsetting is identical
-		 * with the previous one, except for a larger packet size, but
-		 * is actually a mislabeled two-channel setting; ignore it.
-		 */
-		if (fmt[4] == 1 && fmt[5] == 2 && altno == 2 && num == 3 &&
-		    fp && fp->altsetting == 1 && fp->channels == 1 &&
-		    fp->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE &&
-		    protocol == UAC_VERSION_1 &&
-		    le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize) ==
-							fp->maxpacksize * 2)
-			continue;
-
-		csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[0].extra, alts->endpoint[0].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
-		/* Creamware Noah has this descriptor after the 2nd endpoint */
-		if (!csep && altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2)
-			csep = snd_usb_find_desc(alts->endpoint[1].extra, alts->endpoint[1].extralen, NULL, USB_DT_CS_ENDPOINT);
-		if (!csep || csep[0] < 7 || csep[2] != UAC_EP_GENERAL) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "%d:%u:%d : no or invalid"
-				   " class specific endpoint descriptor\n",
-				   dev->devnum, iface_no, altno);
-			csep = NULL;
-		}
-
-		fp = kzalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (! fp) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc\n");
-			return -ENOMEM;
-		}
-
-		fp->iface = iface_no;
-		fp->altsetting = altno;
-		fp->altset_idx = i;
-		fp->endpoint = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
-		fp->ep_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes;
-		fp->datainterval = parse_datainterval(chip, alts);
-		fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
-		/* num_channels is only set for v2 interfaces */
-		fp->channels = num_channels;
-		if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-			fp->maxpacksize = (((fp->maxpacksize >> 11) & 3) + 1)
-					* (fp->maxpacksize & 0x7ff);
-		fp->attributes = csep ? csep[3] : 0;
-
-		/* some quirks for attributes here */
-
-		switch (chip->usb_id) {
-		case USB_ID(0x0a92, 0x0053): /* AudioTrak Optoplay */
-			/* Optoplay sets the sample rate attribute although
-			 * it seems not supporting it in fact.
-			 */
-			fp->attributes &= ~UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
-			break;
-		case USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020): /* Creative SB Audigy 2 NX */
-		case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2003): /* M-Audio Audiophile USB */
-			/* doesn't set the sample rate attribute, but supports it */
-			fp->attributes |= UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE;
-			break;
-		case USB_ID(0x047f, 0x0ca1): /* plantronics headset */
-		case USB_ID(0x077d, 0x07af): /* Griffin iMic (note that there is
-						an older model 77d:223) */
-		/*
-		 * plantronics headset and Griffin iMic have set adaptive-in
-		 * although it's really not...
-		 */
-			fp->ep_attr &= ~USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
-			if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
-				fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE;
-			else
-				fp->ep_attr |= USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_SYNC;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		/* ok, let's parse further... */
-		if (parse_audio_format(chip, fp, format, fmt, stream, alts) < 0) {
-			kfree(fp->rate_table);
-			kfree(fp);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%u:%d: add audio endpoint %#x\n", dev->devnum, iface_no, altno, fp->endpoint);
-		err = add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			kfree(fp->rate_table);
-			kfree(fp);
-			return err;
-		}
-		/* try to set the interface... */
-		usb_set_interface(chip->dev, iface_no, altno);
-		init_usb_pitch(chip->dev, iface_no, alts, fp);
-		init_usb_sample_rate(chip->dev, iface_no, alts, fp, fp->rate_max);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * disconnect streams
- * called from snd_usb_audio_disconnect()
- */
-static void snd_usb_stream_disconnect(struct list_head *head)
-{
-	int idx;
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
-
-	as = list_entry(head, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-	for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
-		subs = &as->substream[idx];
-		if (!subs->num_formats)
-			return;
-		release_substream_urbs(subs, 1);
-		subs->interface = -1;
-	}
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_create_stream(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif, int interface)
-{
-	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	struct usb_interface *iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, interface);
-
-	if (!iface) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d : does not exist\n",
-			   dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	if (usb_interface_claimed(iface)) {
-		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "%d:%d:%d: skipping, already claimed\n",
-						dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
-	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_AUDIO ||
-	     altsd->bInterfaceClass == USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) &&
-	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass == USB_SUBCLASS_MIDISTREAMING) {
-		int err = snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, iface,
-					     &chip->midi_list, NULL);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d: cannot create sequencer device\n",
-						dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
-
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if ((altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_AUDIO &&
-	     altsd->bInterfaceClass != USB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC) ||
-	    altsd->bInterfaceSubClass != USB_SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING) {
-		snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "%d:%u:%d: skipping non-supported interface %d\n",
-					dev->devnum, ctrlif, interface, altsd->bInterfaceClass);
-		/* skip non-supported classes */
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_LOW) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "low speed audio streaming not supported\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	if (! parse_audio_endpoints(chip, interface)) {
-		usb_set_interface(dev, interface, 0); /* reset the current interface */
-		usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * parse audio control descriptor and create pcm/midi streams
- */
-static int snd_usb_create_streams(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif)
-{
-	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
-	struct usb_host_interface *host_iface;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	void *control_header;
-	int i, protocol;
-
-	/* find audiocontrol interface */
-	host_iface = &usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->altsetting[0];
-	control_header = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(host_iface->extra,
-						 host_iface->extralen,
-						 NULL, UAC_HEADER);
-	altsd = get_iface_desc(host_iface);
-	protocol = altsd->bInterfaceProtocol;
-
-	if (!control_header) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot find UAC_HEADER\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	switch (protocol) {
-	case UAC_VERSION_1: {
-		struct uac_ac_header_descriptor_v1 *h1 = control_header;
-
-		if (!h1->bInCollection) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_INFO "skipping empty audio interface (v1)\n");
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-
-		if (h1->bLength < sizeof(*h1) + h1->bInCollection) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "invalid UAC_HEADER (v1)\n");
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-
-		for (i = 0; i < h1->bInCollection; i++)
-			snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, h1->baInterfaceNr[i]);
-
-		break;
-	}
-
-	case UAC_VERSION_2: {
-		struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *cs;
-		struct usb_interface_assoc_descriptor *assoc =
-			usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, ctrlif)->intf_assoc;
-
-		if (!assoc) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Audio class v2 interfaces need an interface association\n");
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-
-		/* FIXME: for now, we expect there is at least one clock source
-		 * descriptor and we always take the first one.
-		 * We should properly support devices with multiple clock sources,
-		 * clock selectors and sample rate conversion units. */
-
-		cs = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(host_iface->extra, host_iface->extralen,
-						NULL, UAC_CLOCK_SOURCE);
-
-		if (!cs) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "CLOCK_SOURCE descriptor not found\n");
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-
-		chip->clock_id = cs->bClockID;
-
-		for (i = 0; i < assoc->bInterfaceCount; i++) {
-			int intf = assoc->bFirstInterface + i;
-
-			if (intf != ctrlif)
-				snd_usb_create_stream(chip, ctrlif, intf);
-		}
-
-		break;
-	}
-
-	default:
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown protocol version 0x%02x\n", protocol);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * create a stream for an endpoint/altsetting without proper descriptors
- */
-static int create_fixed_stream_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				     struct usb_interface *iface,
-				     const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	struct audioformat *fp;
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	int stream, err;
-	unsigned *rate_table = NULL;
-
-	fp = kmemdup(quirk->data, sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (! fp) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot memdup\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-	if (fp->nr_rates > 0) {
-		rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int) * fp->nr_rates, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!rate_table) {
-			kfree(fp);
-			return -ENOMEM;
-		}
-		memcpy(rate_table, fp->rate_table, sizeof(int) * fp->nr_rates);
-		fp->rate_table = rate_table;
-	}
-
-	stream = (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
-		? SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	err = add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		kfree(fp);
-		kfree(rate_table);
-		return err;
-	}
-	if (fp->iface != get_iface_desc(&iface->altsetting[0])->bInterfaceNumber ||
-	    fp->altset_idx >= iface->num_altsetting) {
-		kfree(fp);
-		kfree(rate_table);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	alts = &iface->altsetting[fp->altset_idx];
-	fp->datainterval = parse_datainterval(chip, alts);
-	fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
-	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, fp->iface, 0);
-	init_usb_pitch(chip->dev, fp->iface, alts, fp);
-	init_usb_sample_rate(chip->dev, fp->iface, alts, fp, fp->rate_max);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * create a stream for an interface with proper descriptors
- */
-static int create_standard_audio_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				       struct usb_interface *iface,
-				       const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	int err;
-
-	alts = &iface->altsetting[0];
-	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-	err = parse_audio_endpoints(chip, altsd->bInterfaceNumber);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot setup if %d: error %d\n",
-			   altsd->bInterfaceNumber, err);
-		return err;
-	}
-	/* reset the current interface */
-	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, altsd->bInterfaceNumber, 0);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a stream for an Edirol UA-700/UA-25/UA-4FX interface.  
- * The only way to detect the sample rate is by looking at wMaxPacketSize.
- */
-static int create_uaxx_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-			      struct usb_interface *iface,
-			      const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	static const struct audioformat ua_format = {
-		.format = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,
-		.channels = 2,
-		.fmt_type = UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_I,
-		.altsetting = 1,
-		.altset_idx = 1,
-		.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS,
-	};
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	struct usb_interface_descriptor *altsd;
-	struct audioformat *fp;
-	int stream, err;
-
-	/* both PCM and MIDI interfaces have 2 or more altsettings */
-	if (iface->num_altsetting < 2)
-		return -ENXIO;
-	alts = &iface->altsetting[1];
-	altsd = get_iface_desc(alts);
-
-	if (altsd->bNumEndpoints == 2) {
-		static const struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info ua700_ep = {
-			.out_cables = 0x0003,
-			.in_cables  = 0x0003
-		};
-		static const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk ua700_quirk = {
-			.type = QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
-			.data = &ua700_ep
-		};
-		static const struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info uaxx_ep = {
-			.out_cables = 0x0001,
-			.in_cables  = 0x0001
-		};
-		static const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk uaxx_quirk = {
-			.type = QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
-			.data = &uaxx_ep
-		};
-		const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk =
-			chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x0582, 0x002b)
-			? &ua700_quirk : &uaxx_quirk;
-		return snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, iface,
-					  &chip->midi_list, quirk);
-	}
-
-	if (altsd->bNumEndpoints != 1)
-		return -ENXIO;
-
-	fp = kmalloc(sizeof(*fp), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!fp)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	memcpy(fp, &ua_format, sizeof(*fp));
-
-	fp->iface = altsd->bInterfaceNumber;
-	fp->endpoint = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
-	fp->ep_attr = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bmAttributes;
-	fp->datainterval = 0;
-	fp->maxpacksize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->wMaxPacketSize);
-
-	switch (fp->maxpacksize) {
-	case 0x120:
-		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 44100;
-		break;
-	case 0x138:
-	case 0x140:
-		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 48000;
-		break;
-	case 0x258:
-	case 0x260:
-		fp->rate_max = fp->rate_min = 96000;
-		break;
-	default:
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown sample rate\n");
-		kfree(fp);
-		return -ENXIO;
-	}
-
-	stream = (fp->endpoint & USB_DIR_IN)
-		? SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE : SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	err = add_audio_endpoint(chip, stream, fp);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		kfree(fp);
-		return err;
-	}
-	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, fp->iface, 0);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_create_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				struct usb_interface *iface,
-				const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk);
-
-/*
- * handle the quirks for the contained interfaces
- */
-static int create_composite_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				  struct usb_interface *iface,
-				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	int probed_ifnum = get_iface_desc(iface->altsetting)->bInterfaceNumber;
-	int err;
-
-	for (quirk = quirk->data; quirk->ifnum >= 0; ++quirk) {
-		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, quirk->ifnum);
-		if (!iface)
-			continue;
-		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum &&
-		    usb_interface_claimed(iface))
-			continue;
-		err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, iface, quirk);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum)
-			usb_driver_claim_interface(&usb_audio_driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int ignore_interface_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				  struct usb_interface *iface,
-				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Allow alignment on audio sub-slot (channel samples) rather than
- * on audio slots (audio frames)
- */
-static int create_align_transfer_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				  struct usb_interface *iface,
-				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	chip->txfr_quirk = 1;
-	return 1;	/* Continue with creating streams and mixer */
-}
-
-
-/*
- * boot quirks
- */
-
-#define EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_OLD 794
-#define EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_NEW 483
-
-static int snd_usb_extigy_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev, struct usb_interface *intf)
-{
-	struct usb_host_config *config = dev->actconfig;
-	int err;
-
-	if (le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength) == EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_OLD ||
-	    le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength) == EXTIGY_FIRMWARE_SIZE_NEW) {
-		snd_printdd("sending Extigy boot sequence...\n");
-		/* Send message to force it to reconnect with full interface. */
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev,0),
-				      0x10, 0x43, 0x0001, 0x000a, NULL, 0, 1000);
-		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error sending boot message: %d\n", err);
-		err = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_DEVICE, 0,
-				&dev->descriptor, sizeof(dev->descriptor));
-		config = dev->actconfig;
-		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error usb_get_descriptor: %d\n", err);
-		err = usb_reset_configuration(dev);
-		if (err < 0) snd_printdd("error usb_reset_configuration: %d\n", err);
-		snd_printdd("extigy_boot: new boot length = %d\n",
-			    le16_to_cpu(get_cfg_desc(config)->wTotalLength));
-		return -ENODEV; /* quit this anyway */
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_audigy2nx_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
-{
-	u8 buf = 1;
-
-	snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), 0x2a,
-			USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
-			0, 0, &buf, 1, 1000);
-	if (buf == 0) {
-		snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), 0x29,
-				USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
-				1, 2000, NULL, 0, 1000);
-		return -ENODEV;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * C-Media CM106/CM106+ have four 16-bit internal registers that are nicely
- * documented in the device's data sheet.
- */
-static int snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(struct usb_device *dev, int reg, u16 value)
-{
-	u8 buf[4];
-	buf[0] = 0x20;
-	buf[1] = value & 0xff;
-	buf[2] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
-	buf[3] = reg;
-	return snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION,
-			       USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT,
-			       0, 0, &buf, 4, 1000);
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_cm106_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Enable line-out driver mode, set headphone source to front
-	 * channels, enable stereo mic.
-	 */
-	return snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(dev, 2, 0x8004);
-}
-
-/*
- * C-Media CM6206 is based on CM106 with two additional
- * registers that are not documented in the data sheet.
- * Values here are chosen based on sniffing USB traffic
- * under Windows.
- */
-static int snd_usb_cm6206_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
-{
-	int err, reg;
-	int val[] = {0x200c, 0x3000, 0xf800, 0x143f, 0x0000, 0x3000};
-
-	for (reg = 0; reg < ARRAY_SIZE(val); reg++) {
-		err = snd_usb_cm106_write_int_reg(dev, reg, val[reg]);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-/*
- * This call will put the synth in "USB send" mode, i.e it will send MIDI
- * messages through USB (this is disabled at startup). The synth will
- * acknowledge by sending a sysex on endpoint 0x85 and by displaying a USB
- * sign on its LCD. Values here are chosen based on sniffing USB traffic
- * under Windows.
- */
-static int snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
-{
-	int err, actual_length;
-
-	/* "midi send" enable */
-	static const u8 seq[] = { 0x4e, 0x73, 0x52, 0x01 };
-
-	void *buf = kmemdup(seq, ARRAY_SIZE(seq), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	err = usb_interrupt_msg(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x05), buf,
-			ARRAY_SIZE(seq), &actual_length, 1000);
-	kfree(buf);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Setup quirks
- */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET			0x01 /* if set, parse device_setup */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_DTS              0x02 /* if set, enable DTS Digital Output */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_96K              0x04 /* 48-96KHz rate if set, 8-48KHz otherwise */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B		0x08 /* 24bits sample if set, 16bits otherwise */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_DI		0x10 /* if set, enable Digital Input */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK		0x1F /* bit mask for setup value */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_DI	0x19 /* value for 24bits+48KHz+Digital Input */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_NOTDI	0x09 /* value for 24bits+48KHz+No Digital Input */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_DI	0x11 /* value for 16bits+48KHz+Digital Input */
-#define AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_NOTDI	0x01 /* value for 16bits+48KHz+No Digital Input */
-
-static int audiophile_skip_setting_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-					 int iface, int altno)
-{
-	/* Reset ALL ifaces to 0 altsetting.
-	 * Call it for every possible altsetting of every interface.
-	 */
-	usb_set_interface(chip->dev, iface, 0);
-
-	if (device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET) {
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_DTS)
-		    && altno != 6)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_96K)
-		    && altno != 1)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
-		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_DI && altno != 2)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
-		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_24B_48K_NOTDI && altno != 3)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
-		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_DI && altno != 4)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-		if ((device_setup[chip->index] & AUDIOPHILE_SET_MASK) ==
-		    AUDIOPHILE_SET_16B_48K_NOTDI && altno != 5)
-			return 1; /* skip this altsetting */
-	}	
-	return 0; /* keep this altsetting */
-}
-
-static int create_any_midi_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				 struct usb_interface *intf,
-				 const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	return snd_usbmidi_create(chip->card, intf, &chip->midi_list, quirk);
-}
-
-/*
- * audio-interface quirks
- *
- * returns zero if no standard audio/MIDI parsing is needed.
- * returns a postive value if standard audio/midi interfaces are parsed
- * after this.
- * returns a negative value at error.
- */
-static int snd_usb_create_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-				struct usb_interface *iface,
-				const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
-{
-	typedef int (*quirk_func_t)(struct snd_usb_audio *, struct usb_interface *,
-				    const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *);
-	static const quirk_func_t quirk_funcs[] = {
-		[QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE] = ignore_interface_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_COMPOSITE] = create_composite_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_YAMAHA] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_MIDIMAN] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_NOVATION] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_FASTLANE] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_EMAGIC] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_MIDI_CME] = create_any_midi_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE] = create_standard_audio_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT] = create_fixed_stream_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_AUDIO_EDIROL_UAXX] = create_uaxx_quirk,
-		[QUIRK_AUDIO_ALIGN_TRANSFER] = create_align_transfer_quirk
-	};
-
-	if (quirk->type < QUIRK_TYPE_COUNT) {
-		return quirk_funcs[quirk->type](chip, iface, quirk);
-	} else {
-		snd_printd(KERN_ERR "invalid quirk type %d\n", quirk->type);
-		return -ENXIO;
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * common proc files to show the usb device info
- */
-static void proc_audio_usbbus_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = entry->private_data;
-	if (!chip->shutdown)
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%03d/%03d\n", chip->dev->bus->busnum, chip->dev->devnum);
-}
-
-static void proc_audio_usbid_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = entry->private_data;
-	if (!chip->shutdown)
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%04x:%04x\n", 
-			    USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id),
-			    USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
-}
-
-static void snd_usb_audio_create_proc(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
-{
-	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
-	if (!snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "usbbus", &entry))
-		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, chip, proc_audio_usbbus_read);
-	if (!snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "usbid", &entry))
-		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, chip, proc_audio_usbid_read);
-}
-
-/*
- * free the chip instance
- *
- * here we have to do not much, since pcm and controls are already freed
- *
- */
-
-static int snd_usb_audio_free(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
-{
-	kfree(chip);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int snd_usb_audio_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = device->device_data;
-	return snd_usb_audio_free(chip);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * create a chip instance and set its names.
- */
-static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_device *dev, int idx,
-				const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk,
-				struct snd_usb_audio **rchip)
-{
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	int err, len;
-	char component[14];
-	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
-		.dev_free =	snd_usb_audio_dev_free,
-	};
-
-	*rchip = NULL;
-
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_LOW &&
-	    snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL &&
-	    snd_usb_get_speed(dev) != USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unknown device speed %d\n", snd_usb_get_speed(dev));
-		return -ENXIO;
-	}
-
-	err = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot create card instance %d\n", idx);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (! chip) {
-		snd_card_free(card);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-
-	chip->index = idx;
-	chip->dev = dev;
-	chip->card = card;
-	chip->usb_id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
-			      le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->pcm_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->midi_list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->mixer_list);
-
-	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops)) < 0) {
-		snd_usb_audio_free(chip);
-		snd_card_free(card);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	strcpy(card->driver, "USB-Audio");
-	sprintf(component, "USB%04x:%04x",
-		USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id), USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
-	snd_component_add(card, component);
-
-	/* retrieve the device string as shortname */
- 	if (quirk && quirk->product_name) {
-		strlcpy(card->shortname, quirk->product_name, sizeof(card->shortname));
-	} else {
-		if (!dev->descriptor.iProduct ||
-		    usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iProduct,
-      			       card->shortname, sizeof(card->shortname)) <= 0) {
-			/* no name available from anywhere, so use ID */
-			sprintf(card->shortname, "USB Device %#04x:%#04x",
-				USB_ID_VENDOR(chip->usb_id),
-				USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* retrieve the vendor and device strings as longname */
-	if (quirk && quirk->vendor_name) {
-		len = strlcpy(card->longname, quirk->vendor_name, sizeof(card->longname));
-	} else {
-		if (dev->descriptor.iManufacturer)
-			len = usb_string(dev, dev->descriptor.iManufacturer,
-					 card->longname, sizeof(card->longname));
-		else
-			len = 0;
-		/* we don't really care if there isn't any vendor string */
-	}
-	if (len > 0)
-		strlcat(card->longname, " ", sizeof(card->longname));
-
-	strlcat(card->longname, card->shortname, sizeof(card->longname));
-
-	len = strlcat(card->longname, " at ", sizeof(card->longname));
-
-	if (len < sizeof(card->longname))
-		usb_make_path(dev, card->longname + len, sizeof(card->longname) - len);
-
-	strlcat(card->longname,
-		snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_LOW ? ", low speed" :
-		snd_usb_get_speed(dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL ? ", full speed" :
-		", high speed",
-		sizeof(card->longname));
-
-	snd_usb_audio_create_proc(chip);
-
-	*rchip = chip;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * probe the active usb device
- *
- * note that this can be called multiple times per a device, when it
- * includes multiple audio control interfaces.
- *
- * thus we check the usb device pointer and creates the card instance
- * only at the first time.  the successive calls of this function will
- * append the pcm interface to the corresponding card.
- */
-static void *snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
-				 struct usb_interface *intf,
-				 const struct usb_device_id *usb_id)
-{
-	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk = (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)usb_id->driver_info;
-	int i, err;
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
-	int ifnum;
-	u32 id;
-
-	alts = &intf->altsetting[0];
-	ifnum = get_iface_desc(alts)->bInterfaceNumber;
-	id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
-		    le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
-	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum >= 0 && ifnum != quirk->ifnum)
-		goto __err_val;
-
-	/* SB Extigy needs special boot-up sequence */
-	/* if more models come, this will go to the quirk list. */
-	if (id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3000)) {
-		if (snd_usb_extigy_boot_quirk(dev, intf) < 0)
-			goto __err_val;
-	}
-	/* SB Audigy 2 NX needs its own boot-up magic, too */
-	if (id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3020)) {
-		if (snd_usb_audigy2nx_boot_quirk(dev) < 0)
-			goto __err_val;
-	}
-
-	/* C-Media CM106 / Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Roadie */
-	if (id == USB_ID(0x10f5, 0x0200)) {
-		if (snd_usb_cm106_boot_quirk(dev) < 0)
-			goto __err_val;
-	}
-
-	/* C-Media CM6206 / CM106-Like Sound Device */
-	if (id == USB_ID(0x0d8c, 0x0102)) {
-		if (snd_usb_cm6206_boot_quirk(dev) < 0)
-			goto __err_val;
-	}
-
-	/* Access Music VirusTI Desktop */
-	if (id == USB_ID(0x133e, 0x0815)) {
-		if (snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(dev) < 0)
-			goto __err_val;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * found a config.  now register to ALSA
-	 */
-
-	/* check whether it's already registered */
-	chip = NULL;
-	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
-	for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
-		if (usb_chip[i] && usb_chip[i]->dev == dev) {
-			if (usb_chip[i]->shutdown) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "USB device is in the shutdown state, cannot create a card instance\n");
-				goto __error;
-			}
-			chip = usb_chip[i];
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (! chip) {
-		/* it's a fresh one.
-		 * now look for an empty slot and create a new card instance
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++)
-			if (enable[i] && ! usb_chip[i] &&
-			    (vid[i] == -1 || vid[i] == USB_ID_VENDOR(id)) &&
-			    (pid[i] == -1 || pid[i] == USB_ID_PRODUCT(id))) {
-				if (snd_usb_audio_create(dev, i, quirk, &chip) < 0) {
-					goto __error;
-				}
-				snd_card_set_dev(chip->card, &intf->dev);
-				break;
-			}
-		if (!chip) {
-			printk(KERN_ERR "no available usb audio device\n");
-			goto __error;
-		}
-	}
-
-	chip->txfr_quirk = 0;
-	err = 1; /* continue */
-	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum != QUIRK_NO_INTERFACE) {
-		/* need some special handlings */
-		if ((err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, intf, quirk)) < 0)
-			goto __error;
-	}
-
-	if (err > 0) {
-		/* create normal USB audio interfaces */
-		if (snd_usb_create_streams(chip, ifnum) < 0 ||
-		    snd_usb_create_mixer(chip, ifnum, ignore_ctl_error) < 0) {
-			goto __error;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* we are allowed to call snd_card_register() many times */
-	if (snd_card_register(chip->card) < 0) {
-		goto __error;
-	}
-
-	usb_chip[chip->index] = chip;
-	chip->num_interfaces++;
-	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
-	return chip;
-
- __error:
-	if (chip && !chip->num_interfaces)
-		snd_card_free(chip->card);
-	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
- __err_val:
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * we need to take care of counter, since disconnection can be called also
- * many times as well as usb_audio_probe().
- */
-static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev, void *ptr)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct list_head *p;
-
-	if (ptr == (void *)-1L)
-		return;
-
-	chip = ptr;
-	card = chip->card;
-	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
-	chip->shutdown = 1;
-	chip->num_interfaces--;
-	if (chip->num_interfaces <= 0) {
-		snd_card_disconnect(card);
-		/* release the pcm resources */
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(p);
-		}
-		/* release the midi resources */
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list) {
-			snd_usbmidi_disconnect(p);
-		}
-		/* release mixer resources */
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->mixer_list) {
-			snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(p);
-		}
-		usb_chip[chip->index] = NULL;
-		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
-		snd_card_free_when_closed(card);
-	} else {
-		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * new 2.5 USB kernel API
- */
-static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
-			   const struct usb_device_id *id)
-{
-	void *chip;
-	chip = snd_usb_audio_probe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), intf, id);
-	if (chip) {
-		usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
-		return 0;
-	} else
-		return -EIO;
-}
-
-static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
-{
-	snd_usb_audio_disconnect(interface_to_usbdev(intf),
-				 usb_get_intfdata(intf));
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_PM
-static int usb_audio_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
-	struct list_head *p;
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
-
-	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
-		return 0;
-
-	snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
-	if (!chip->num_suspended_intf++) {
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-			as = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
-			snd_pcm_suspend_all(as->pcm);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int usb_audio_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
-
-	if (chip == (void *)-1L)
-		return 0;
-	if (--chip->num_suspended_intf)
-		return 0;
-	/*
-	 * ALSA leaves material resumption to user space
-	 * we just notify
-	 */
-
-	snd_power_change_state(chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif		/* CONFIG_PM */
-
-static int __init snd_usb_audio_init(void)
-{
-	if (nrpacks < 1 || nrpacks > MAX_PACKS) {
-		printk(KERN_WARNING "invalid nrpacks value.\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	return usb_register(&usb_audio_driver);
-}
-
-
-static void __exit snd_usb_audio_cleanup(void)
-{
-	usb_deregister(&usb_audio_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(snd_usb_audio_init);
-module_exit(snd_usb_audio_cleanup);
diff --git a/sound/usb/usbaudio.h b/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
index 42c299cbf63..d679e72a3e5 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
+++ b/sound/usb/usbaudio.h
@@ -21,15 +21,13 @@
  *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
  */
 
-/* maximum number of endpoints per interface */
-#define MIDI_MAX_ENDPOINTS 2
-
 /* handling of USB vendor/product ID pairs as 32-bit numbers */
 #define USB_ID(vendor, product) (((vendor) << 16) | (product))
 #define USB_ID_VENDOR(id) ((id) >> 16)
 #define USB_ID_PRODUCT(id) ((u16)(id))
 
 /*
+ *
  */
 
 struct snd_usb_audio {
@@ -51,6 +49,10 @@ struct snd_usb_audio {
 	struct list_head midi_list;	/* list of midi interfaces */
 
 	struct list_head mixer_list;	/* list of mixer interfaces */
+
+	int setup;			/* from the 'device_setup' module param */
+	int nrpacks;			/* from the 'nrpacks' module param */
+	int async_unlink;		/* from the 'async_unlink' module param */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -89,93 +91,8 @@ struct snd_usb_audio_quirk {
 	const void *data;
 };
 
-/* data for QUIRK_MIDI_FIXED_ENDPOINT */
-struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info {
-	int8_t   out_ep;	/* ep number, 0 autodetect */
-	uint8_t  out_interval;	/* interval for interrupt endpoints */
-	int8_t   in_ep;	
-	uint8_t  in_interval;
-	uint16_t out_cables;	/* bitmask */
-	uint16_t in_cables;	/* bitmask */
-};
-
-/* for QUIRK_MIDI_YAMAHA, data is NULL */
-
-/* for QUIRK_MIDI_MIDIMAN, data points to a snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info
- * structure (out_cables and in_cables only) */
-
-/* for QUIRK_COMPOSITE, data points to an array of snd_usb_audio_quirk
- * structures, terminated with .ifnum = -1 */
-
-/* for QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT, data points to an audioformat structure */
-
-/* for QUIRK_AUDIO/MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE, data is NULL */
-
-/* for QUIRK_AUDIO_EDIROL_UAXX, data is NULL */
-
-/* for QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE, data is NULL */
-
-/* for QUIRK_MIDI_NOVATION and _RAW, data is NULL */
-
-/* for QUIRK_MIDI_EMAGIC, data points to a snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info
- * structure (out_cables and in_cables only) */
-
-/* for QUIRK_MIDI_CME, data is NULL */
-
-/*
- */
-
-/*E-mu USB samplerate control quirk*/
-enum {
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_44100HZ = 0,
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_48000HZ,
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_88200HZ,
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_96000HZ,
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_176400HZ,
-	EMU_QUIRK_SR_192000HZ
-};
-
 #define combine_word(s)    ((*(s)) | ((unsigned int)(s)[1] << 8))
 #define combine_triple(s)  (combine_word(s) | ((unsigned int)(s)[2] << 16))
 #define combine_quad(s)    (combine_triple(s) | ((unsigned int)(s)[3] << 24))
 
-unsigned int snd_usb_combine_bytes(unsigned char *bytes, int size);
-
-void *snd_usb_find_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dtype);
-void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dsubtype);
-
-int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe,
-		    __u8 request, __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index,
-		    void *data, __u16 size, int timeout);
-
-int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
-			 int ignore_error);
-void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct list_head *p);
-
-int snd_usbmidi_create(struct snd_card *card,
-		       struct usb_interface *iface,
-		       struct list_head *midi_list,
-		       const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk);
-void snd_usbmidi_input_stop(struct list_head* p);
-void snd_usbmidi_input_start(struct list_head* p);
-void snd_usbmidi_disconnect(struct list_head *p);
-
-void snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
-			unsigned char samplerate_id);
-
-/*
- * retrieve usb_interface descriptor from the host interface
- * (conditional for compatibility with the older API)
- */
-#ifndef get_iface_desc
-#define get_iface_desc(iface)	(&(iface)->desc)
-#define get_endpoint(alt,ep)	(&(alt)->endpoint[ep].desc)
-#define get_ep_desc(ep)		(&(ep)->desc)
-#define get_cfg_desc(cfg)	(&(cfg)->desc)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef snd_usb_get_speed
-#define snd_usb_get_speed(dev) ((dev)->speed)
-#endif
-
 #endif /* __USBAUDIO_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
index 9ca9a13a78d..6ef68e42138 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #define MODNAME "US122L"
 #include "usb_stream.c"
 #include "../usbaudio.h"
+#include "../midi.h"
 #include "us122l.h"
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Karsten Wiese <fzu@wemgehoertderstaat.de>");
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.h b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.h
index 1d174cea352..e43c0a86441 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.h
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef USBUSX2Y_H
 #define USBUSX2Y_H
 #include "../usbaudio.h"
+#include "../midi.h"
 #include "usbus428ctldefs.h" 
 
 #define NRURBS	        2