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-rw-r--r--MAINTAINERS1
-rw-r--r--arch/arm/kernel/perf_event.c4
-rw-r--r--arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_event.c8
-rw-r--r--arch/sparc/kernel/perf_event.c2
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h1
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h16
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c39
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c37
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.c8
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c2
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c10
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c12
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_amd.c23
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_ppro.c6
-rw-r--r--include/linux/hw_breakpoint.h8
-rw-r--r--include/linux/perf_event.h27
-rw-r--r--kernel/hw_breakpoint.c11
-rw-r--r--kernel/perf_event.c36
-rw-r--r--lib/Kconfig.debug8
-rw-r--r--samples/hw_breakpoint/data_breakpoint.c6
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/Documentation/perf-lock.txt29
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/builtin-lock.c148
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/builtin-trace.c4
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/command-list.txt1
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/perf-archive.sh3
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/perf.h4
-rw-r--r--tools/perf/util/probe-event.c2
27 files changed, 327 insertions, 129 deletions
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index fe88b5f732c..3341d92ff00 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -4316,6 +4316,7 @@ PERFORMANCE EVENTS SUBSYSTEM
M: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
M: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
M: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
+M: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
S: Supported
F: kernel/perf_event.c
F: include/linux/perf_event.h
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/perf_event.c b/arch/arm/kernel/perf_event.c
index c54ceb3d1f9..3875d99cc40 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/perf_event.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/perf_event.c
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ armv6pmu_handle_irq(int irq_num,
*/
armv6_pmcr_write(pmcr);
- data.addr = 0;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
for (idx = 0; idx <= armpmu->num_events; ++idx) {
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ static irqreturn_t armv7pmu_handle_irq(int irq_num, void *dev)
*/
regs = get_irq_regs();
- data.addr = 0;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
for (idx = 0; idx <= armpmu->num_events; ++idx) {
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_event.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_event.c
index b6cf8f1f4d3..5120bd44f69 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_event.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/perf_event.c
@@ -1164,10 +1164,10 @@ static void record_and_restart(struct perf_event *event, unsigned long val,
* Finally record data if requested.
*/
if (record) {
- struct perf_sample_data data = {
- .addr = ~0ULL,
- .period = event->hw.last_period,
- };
+ struct perf_sample_data data;
+
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, ~0ULL);
+ data.period = event->hw.last_period;
if (event->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR)
perf_get_data_addr(regs, &data.addr);
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/perf_event.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/perf_event.c
index b867ab3353b..68cb9b42088 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/perf_event.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/perf_event.c
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ static int __kprobes perf_event_nmi_handler(struct notifier_block *self,
regs = args->regs;
- data.addr = 0;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
index 0675a7c4c20..2a1bd8f4f23 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
* (display/resolving)
*/
struct arch_hw_breakpoint {
- char *name; /* Contains name of the symbol to set bkpt */
unsigned long address;
u8 len;
u8 type;
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h
index befd172c82a..db6109a885a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/perf_event.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
#define MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0 0x186
#define MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL1 0x187
-#define ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE (1 << 22)
+#define ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE (1 << 22)
#define ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ANY (1 << 21)
#define ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_INT (1 << 20)
#define ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_OS (1 << 17)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
INTEL_ARCH_INV_MASK| \
INTEL_ARCH_EDGE_MASK|\
INTEL_ARCH_UNIT_MASK|\
- INTEL_ARCH_EVTSEL_MASK)
+ INTEL_ARCH_EVENT_MASK)
#define ARCH_PERFMON_UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES_SEL 0x3c
#define ARCH_PERFMON_UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES_UMASK (0x00 << 8)
@@ -117,6 +117,18 @@ union cpuid10_edx {
*/
#define X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED_BTS (X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED + 16)
+/* IbsFetchCtl bits/masks */
+#define IBS_FETCH_RAND_EN (1ULL<<57)
+#define IBS_FETCH_VAL (1ULL<<49)
+#define IBS_FETCH_ENABLE (1ULL<<48)
+#define IBS_FETCH_CNT 0xFFFF0000ULL
+#define IBS_FETCH_MAX_CNT 0x0000FFFFULL
+
+/* IbsOpCtl bits */
+#define IBS_OP_CNT_CTL (1ULL<<19)
+#define IBS_OP_VAL (1ULL<<18)
+#define IBS_OP_ENABLE (1ULL<<17)
+#define IBS_OP_MAX_CNT 0x0000FFFFULL
#ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
extern void init_hw_perf_events(void);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
index b1fbdeecf6c..42aafd11e17 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ struct debug_store {
struct event_constraint {
union {
unsigned long idxmsk[BITS_TO_LONGS(X86_PMC_IDX_MAX)];
- u64 idxmsk64[1];
+ u64 idxmsk64;
};
- int code;
- int cmask;
+ u64 code;
+ u64 cmask;
int weight;
};
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ struct cpu_hw_events {
};
#define __EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, n, m, w) {\
- { .idxmsk64[0] = (n) }, \
+ { .idxmsk64 = (n) }, \
.code = (c), \
.cmask = (m), \
.weight = (w), \
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ struct cpu_hw_events {
EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, n, INTEL_ARCH_EVTSEL_MASK)
#define FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, n) \
- EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, n, INTEL_ARCH_FIXED_MASK)
+ EVENT_CONSTRAINT(c, (1ULL << (32+n)), INTEL_ARCH_FIXED_MASK)
#define EVENT_CONSTRAINT_END \
EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0, 0, 0)
@@ -503,6 +503,9 @@ static int __hw_perf_event_init(struct perf_event *event)
*/
if (attr->type == PERF_TYPE_RAW) {
hwc->config |= x86_pmu.raw_event(attr->config);
+ if ((hwc->config & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ANY) &&
+ perf_paranoid_cpu() && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+ return -EACCES;
return 0;
}
@@ -553,9 +556,9 @@ static void x86_pmu_disable_all(void)
if (!test_bit(idx, cpuc->active_mask))
continue;
rdmsrl(x86_pmu.eventsel + idx, val);
- if (!(val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE))
+ if (!(val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE))
continue;
- val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(x86_pmu.eventsel + idx, val);
}
}
@@ -590,7 +593,7 @@ static void x86_pmu_enable_all(void)
continue;
val = event->hw.config;
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(x86_pmu.eventsel + idx, val);
}
}
@@ -612,8 +615,8 @@ static int x86_schedule_events(struct cpu_hw_events *cpuc, int n, int *assign)
bitmap_zero(used_mask, X86_PMC_IDX_MAX);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
- constraints[i] =
- x86_pmu.get_event_constraints(cpuc, cpuc->event_list[i]);
+ c = x86_pmu.get_event_constraints(cpuc, cpuc->event_list[i]);
+ constraints[i] = c;
}
/*
@@ -853,7 +856,7 @@ void hw_perf_enable(void)
static inline void __x86_pmu_enable_event(struct hw_perf_event *hwc, int idx)
{
(void)checking_wrmsrl(hwc->config_base + idx,
- hwc->config | ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE);
+ hwc->config | ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE);
}
static inline void x86_pmu_disable_event(struct hw_perf_event *hwc, int idx)
@@ -1094,8 +1097,7 @@ static int x86_pmu_handle_irq(struct pt_regs *regs)
int idx, handled = 0;
u64 val;
- data.addr = 0;
- data.raw = NULL;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
@@ -1347,6 +1349,7 @@ static void __init pmu_check_apic(void)
void __init init_hw_perf_events(void)
{
+ struct event_constraint *c;
int err;
pr_info("Performance Events: ");
@@ -1395,6 +1398,16 @@ void __init init_hw_perf_events(void)
__EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0, (1ULL << x86_pmu.num_events) - 1,
0, x86_pmu.num_events);
+ if (x86_pmu.event_constraints) {
+ for_each_event_constraint(c, x86_pmu.event_constraints) {
+ if (c->cmask != INTEL_ARCH_FIXED_MASK)
+ continue;
+
+ c->idxmsk64 |= (1ULL << x86_pmu.num_events) - 1;
+ c->weight += x86_pmu.num_events;
+ }
+ }
+
pr_info("... version: %d\n", x86_pmu.version);
pr_info("... bit width: %d\n", x86_pmu.event_bits);
pr_info("... generic registers: %d\n", x86_pmu.num_events);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c
index 977e7544738..44b60c85210 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SUP_INTEL
/*
- * Intel PerfMon v3. Used on Core2 and later.
+ * Intel PerfMon, used on Core and later.
*/
static const u64 intel_perfmon_event_map[] =
{
@@ -27,8 +27,14 @@ static struct event_constraint intel_core_event_constraints[] =
static struct event_constraint intel_core2_event_constraints[] =
{
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xc0, (0x3|(1ULL<<32))), /* INSTRUCTIONS_RETIRED */
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x3c, (0x3|(1ULL<<33))), /* UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x00c0, 0), /* INST_RETIRED.ANY */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x003c, 1), /* CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.CORE */
+ /*
+ * Core2 has Fixed Counter 2 listed as CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF and event
+ * 0x013c as CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.BUS and specifies there is a fixed
+ * ratio between these counters.
+ */
+ /* FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x013c, 2), CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x10, 0x1), /* FP_COMP_OPS_EXE */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x11, 0x2), /* FP_ASSIST */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x12, 0x2), /* MUL */
@@ -37,14 +43,16 @@ static struct event_constraint intel_core2_event_constraints[] =
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x18, 0x1), /* IDLE_DURING_DIV */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x19, 0x2), /* DELAYED_BYPASS */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xa1, 0x1), /* RS_UOPS_DISPATCH_CYCLES */
+ INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xc9, 0x1), /* ITLB_MISS_RETIRED (T30-9) */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xcb, 0x1), /* MEM_LOAD_RETIRED */
EVENT_CONSTRAINT_END
};
static struct event_constraint intel_nehalem_event_constraints[] =
{
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xc0, (0xf|(1ULL<<32))), /* INSTRUCTIONS_RETIRED */
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x3c, (0xf|(1ULL<<33))), /* UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x00c0, 0), /* INST_RETIRED.ANY */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x003c, 1), /* CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.CORE */
+ /* FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x013c, 2), CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x40, 0x3), /* L1D_CACHE_LD */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x41, 0x3), /* L1D_CACHE_ST */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x42, 0x3), /* L1D_CACHE_LOCK */
@@ -58,8 +66,9 @@ static struct event_constraint intel_nehalem_event_constraints[] =
static struct event_constraint intel_westmere_event_constraints[] =
{
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xc0, (0xf|(1ULL<<32))), /* INSTRUCTIONS_RETIRED */
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x3c, (0xf|(1ULL<<33))), /* UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x00c0, 0), /* INST_RETIRED.ANY */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x003c, 1), /* CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.CORE */
+ /* FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x013c, 2), CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x51, 0x3), /* L1D */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x60, 0x1), /* OFFCORE_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING */
INTEL_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x63, 0x3), /* CACHE_LOCK_CYCLES */
@@ -68,8 +77,9 @@ static struct event_constraint intel_westmere_event_constraints[] =
static struct event_constraint intel_gen_event_constraints[] =
{
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0xc0, (0x3|(1ULL<<32))), /* INSTRUCTIONS_RETIRED */
- FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x3c, (0x3|(1ULL<<33))), /* UNHALTED_CORE_CYCLES */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x00c0, 0), /* INST_RETIRED.ANY */
+ FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x003c, 1), /* CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.CORE */
+ /* FIXED_EVENT_CONSTRAINT(0x013c, 2), CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF */
EVENT_CONSTRAINT_END
};
@@ -580,10 +590,9 @@ static void intel_pmu_drain_bts_buffer(void)
ds->bts_index = ds->bts_buffer_base;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
data.period = event->hw.last_period;
- data.addr = 0;
- data.raw = NULL;
regs.ip = 0;
/*
@@ -732,8 +741,7 @@ static int intel_pmu_handle_irq(struct pt_regs *regs)
int bit, loops;
u64 ack, status;
- data.addr = 0;
- data.raw = NULL;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_events);
@@ -935,7 +943,7 @@ static __init int intel_pmu_init(void)
x86_pmu.event_constraints = intel_nehalem_event_constraints;
pr_cont("Nehalem/Corei7 events, ");
break;
- case 28:
+ case 28: /* Atom */
memcpy(hw_cache_event_ids, atom_hw_cache_event_ids,
sizeof(hw_cache_event_ids));
@@ -951,6 +959,7 @@ static __init int intel_pmu_init(void)
x86_pmu.event_constraints = intel_westmere_event_constraints;
pr_cont("Westmere events, ");
break;
+
default:
/*
* default constraints for v2 and up
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.c
index 1ca5ba078af..a4e67b99d91 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.c
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ static void p6_pmu_disable_all(void)
/* p6 only has one enable register */
rdmsrl(MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0, val);
- val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0, val);
}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ static void p6_pmu_enable_all(void)
/* p6 only has one enable register */
rdmsrl(MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0, val);
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0, val);
}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ p6_pmu_disable_event(struct hw_perf_event *hwc, int idx)
u64 val = P6_NOP_EVENT;
if (cpuc->enabled)
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
(void)checking_wrmsrl(hwc->config_base + idx, val);
}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static void p6_pmu_enable_event(struct hw_perf_event *hwc, int idx)
val = hwc->config;
if (cpuc->enabled)
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
(void)checking_wrmsrl(hwc->config_base + idx, val);
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
index 74f4e85a572..fb329e9f849 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ static int setup_intel_arch_watchdog(unsigned nmi_hz)
cpu_nmi_set_wd_enabled();
apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, APIC_DM_NMI);
- evntsel |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ evntsel |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsr(evntsel_msr, evntsel, 0);
intel_arch_wd_ops.checkbit = 1ULL << (eax.split.bit_width - 1);
return 1;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
index dce99abb449..d5e2a2ebb62 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
@@ -120,9 +120,15 @@ fixup_bp_irq_link(unsigned long bp, unsigned long *stack,
{
#ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
struct stack_frame *frame = (struct stack_frame *)bp;
+ unsigned long next;
- if (!in_irq_stack(stack, irq_stack, irq_stack_end))
- return (unsigned long)frame->next_frame;
+ if (!in_irq_stack(stack, irq_stack, irq_stack_end)) {
+ if (!probe_kernel_address(&frame->next_frame, next))
+ return next;
+ else
+ WARN_ONCE(1, "Perf: bad frame pointer = %p in "
+ "callchain\n", &frame->next_frame);
+ }
#endif
return bp;
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c b/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
index dca2802c666..d6cc065f519 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
@@ -344,13 +344,6 @@ int arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(struct perf_event *bp,
}
/*
- * For kernel-addresses, either the address or symbol name can be
- * specified.
- */
- if (info->name)
- info->address = (unsigned long)
- kallsyms_lookup_name(info->name);
- /*
* Check that the low-order bits of the address are appropriate
* for the alignment implied by len.
*/
@@ -535,8 +528,3 @@ void hw_breakpoint_pmu_read(struct perf_event *bp)
{
/* TODO */
}
-
-void hw_breakpoint_pmu_unthrottle(struct perf_event *bp)
-{
- /* TODO */
-}
diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_amd.c b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_amd.c
index 6a58256dce9..090cbbec7db 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_amd.c
@@ -46,17 +46,6 @@
static unsigned long reset_value[NUM_VIRT_COUNTERS];
-/* IbsFetchCtl bits/masks */
-#define IBS_FETCH_RAND_EN (1ULL<<57)
-#define IBS_FETCH_VAL (1ULL<<49)
-#define IBS_FETCH_ENABLE (1ULL<<48)
-#define IBS_FETCH_CNT_MASK 0xFFFF0000ULL
-
-/* IbsOpCtl bits */
-#define IBS_OP_CNT_CTL (1ULL<<19)
-#define IBS_OP_VAL (1ULL<<18)
-#define IBS_OP_ENABLE (1ULL<<17)
-
#define IBS_FETCH_SIZE 6
#define IBS_OP_SIZE 12
@@ -182,7 +171,7 @@ static void op_amd_setup_ctrs(struct op_x86_model_spec const *model,
continue;
}
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- if (val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE)
+ if (val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE)
op_x86_warn_in_use(i);
val &= model->reserved;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
@@ -290,7 +279,7 @@ op_amd_handle_ibs(struct pt_regs * const regs,
oprofile_write_commit(&entry);
/* reenable the IRQ */
- ctl &= ~(IBS_FETCH_VAL | IBS_FETCH_CNT_MASK);
+ ctl &= ~(IBS_FETCH_VAL | IBS_FETCH_CNT);
ctl |= IBS_FETCH_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(MSR_AMD64_IBSFETCHCTL, ctl);
}
@@ -330,7 +319,7 @@ static inline void op_amd_start_ibs(void)
return;
if (ibs_config.fetch_enabled) {
- val = (ibs_config.max_cnt_fetch >> 4) & 0xFFFF;
+ val = (ibs_config.max_cnt_fetch >> 4) & IBS_FETCH_MAX_CNT;
val |= ibs_config.rand_en ? IBS_FETCH_RAND_EN : 0;
val |= IBS_FETCH_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(MSR_AMD64_IBSFETCHCTL, val);
@@ -352,7 +341,7 @@ static inline void op_amd_start_ibs(void)
* avoid underflows.
*/
ibs_op_ctl = min(ibs_op_ctl + IBS_RANDOM_MAXCNT_OFFSET,
- 0xFFFFULL);
+ IBS_OP_MAX_CNT);
}
if (ibs_caps & IBS_CAPS_OPCNT && ibs_config.dispatched_ops)
ibs_op_ctl |= IBS_OP_CNT_CTL;
@@ -409,7 +398,7 @@ static void op_amd_start(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
if (!reset_value[op_x86_phys_to_virt(i)])
continue;
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
}
@@ -429,7 +418,7 @@ static void op_amd_stop(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
if (!reset_value[op_x86_phys_to_virt(i)])
continue;
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_ppro.c b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_ppro.c
index 5d1727ba409..2bf90fafa7b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_ppro.c
+++ b/arch/x86/oprofile/op_model_ppro.c
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ static void ppro_setup_ctrs(struct op_x86_model_spec const *model,
continue;
}
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- if (val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE)
+ if (val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE)
op_x86_warn_in_use(i);
val &= model->reserved;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ static void ppro_start(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
for (i = 0; i < num_counters; ++i) {
if (reset_value[i]) {
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
}
}
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ static void ppro_stop(struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
if (!reset_value[i])
continue;
rdmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
- val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
+ val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_ENABLE;
wrmsrl(msrs->controls[i].addr, val);
}
}
diff --git a/include/linux/hw_breakpoint.h b/include/linux/hw_breakpoint.h
index 5977b724f7c..c70d27af03f 100644
--- a/include/linux/hw_breakpoint.h
+++ b/include/linux/hw_breakpoint.h
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ register_wide_hw_breakpoint_cpu(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
perf_overflow_handler_t triggered,
int cpu);
-extern struct perf_event **
+extern struct perf_event * __percpu *
register_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
perf_overflow_handler_t triggered);
extern int register_perf_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp);
extern int __register_perf_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp);
extern void unregister_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp);
-extern void unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event **cpu_events);
+extern void unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events);
extern int dbg_reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp);
extern int dbg_release_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static inline struct perf_event *
register_wide_hw_breakpoint_cpu(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
perf_overflow_handler_t triggered,
int cpu) { return NULL; }
-static inline struct perf_event **
+static inline struct perf_event * __percpu *
register_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
perf_overflow_handler_t triggered) { return NULL; }
static inline int
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static inline int
__register_perf_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp) { return -ENOSYS; }
static inline void unregister_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event *bp) { }
static inline void
-unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event **cpu_events) { }
+unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events) { }
static inline int
reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp) {return -ENOSYS; }
static inline void release_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp) { }
diff --git a/include/linux/perf_event.h b/include/linux/perf_event.h
index 7b18b4fd5df..6f8cd7da1a0 100644
--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -487,9 +487,8 @@ struct hw_perf_event {
struct hrtimer hrtimer;
};
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
- union { /* breakpoint */
- struct arch_hw_breakpoint info;
- };
+ /* breakpoint */
+ struct arch_hw_breakpoint info;
#endif
};
atomic64_t prev_count;
@@ -802,6 +801,13 @@ struct perf_sample_data {
struct perf_raw_record *raw;
};
+static inline
+void perf_sample_data_init(struct perf_sample_data *data, u64 addr)
+{
+ data->addr = addr;
+ data->raw = NULL;
+}
+
extern void perf_output_sample(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
struct perf_event_header *header,
struct perf_sample_data *data,
@@ -858,6 +864,21 @@ extern int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid;
extern int sysctl_perf_event_mlock;
extern int sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate;
+static inline bool perf_paranoid_tracepoint_raw(void)
+{
+ return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > -1;
+}
+
+static inline bool perf_paranoid_cpu(void)
+{
+ return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool perf_paranoid_kernel(void)
+{
+ return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > 1;
+}
+
extern void perf_event_init(void);
extern void perf_tp_event(int event_id, u64 addr, u64 count, void *record, int entry_size);
extern void perf_bp_event(struct perf_event *event, void *data);
diff --git a/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c b/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
index 967e66143e1..03808ed342a 100644
--- a/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
+++ b/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
@@ -413,17 +413,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_hw_breakpoint);
*
* @return a set of per_cpu pointers to perf events
*/
-struct perf_event **
+struct perf_event * __percpu *
register_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
perf_overflow_handler_t triggered)
{
- struct perf_event **cpu_events, **pevent, *bp;
+ struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events, **pevent, *bp;
long err;
int cpu;
cpu_events = alloc_percpu(typeof(*cpu_events));
if (!cpu_events)
- return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+ return (void __percpu __force *)ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
get_online_cpus();
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ fail:
put_online_cpus();
free_percpu(cpu_events);
- return ERR_PTR(err);
+ return (void __percpu __force *)ERR_PTR(err);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_wide_hw_breakpoint);
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_wide_hw_breakpoint);
* unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint - unregister a wide breakpoint in the kernel
* @cpu_events: the per cpu set of events to unregister
*/
-void unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event **cpu_events)
+void unregister_wide_hw_breakpoint(struct perf_event * __percpu *cpu_events)
{
int cpu;
struct perf_event **pevent;
@@ -489,5 +489,4 @@ struct pmu perf_ops_bp = {
.enable = arch_install_hw_breakpoint,
.disable = arch_uninstall_hw_breakpoint,
.read = hw_breakpoint_pmu_read,
- .unthrottle = hw_breakpoint_pmu_unthrottle
};
diff --git a/kernel/perf_event.c b/kernel/perf_event.c
index f40560b8654..4393b9e7374 100644
--- a/kernel/perf_event.c
+++ b/kernel/perf_event.c
@@ -56,21 +56,6 @@ static atomic_t nr_task_events __read_mostly;
*/
int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid __read_mostly = 1;
-static inline bool perf_paranoid_tracepoint_raw(void)
-{
- return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > -1;
-}
-
-static inline bool perf_paranoid_cpu(void)
-{
- return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > 0;
-}
-
-static inline bool perf_paranoid_kernel(void)
-{
- return sysctl_perf_event_paranoid > 1;
-}
-
int sysctl_perf_event_mlock __read_mostly = 512; /* 'free' kb per user */
/*
@@ -4123,8 +4108,7 @@ void __perf_sw_event(u32 event_id, u64 nr, int nmi,
if (rctx < 0)
return;
- data.addr = addr;
- data.raw = NULL;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, addr);
do_perf_sw_event(PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, event_id, nr, nmi, &data, regs);
@@ -4169,11 +4153,10 @@ static enum hrtimer_restart perf_swevent_hrtimer(struct hrtimer *hrtimer)
struct perf_event *event;
u64 period;
- event = container_of(hrtimer, struct perf_event, hw.hrtimer);
+ event = container_of(hrtimer, struct perf_event, hw.hrtimer);
event->pmu->read(event);
- data.addr = 0;
- data.raw = NULL;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0);
data.period = event->hw.last_period;
regs = get_irq_regs();
/*
@@ -4337,17 +4320,15 @@ static const struct pmu perf_ops_task_clock = {
void perf_tp_event(int event_id, u64 addr, u64 count, void *record,
int entry_size)
{
+ struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
+ struct perf_sample_data data;
struct perf_raw_record raw = {
.size = entry_size,
.data = record,
};
- struct perf_sample_data data = {
- .addr = addr,
- .raw = &raw,
- };
-
- struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
+ perf_sample_data_init(&data, addr);
+ data.raw = &raw;
if (!regs)
regs = task_pt_regs(current);
@@ -4463,8 +4444,7 @@ void perf_bp_event(struct perf_event *bp, void *data)
struct perf_sample_data sample;
struct pt_regs *regs = data;
- sample.raw = NULL;
- sample.addr = bp->attr.bp_addr;
+ perf_sample_data_init(&sample, bp->attr.bp_addr);
if (!perf_exclude_event(bp, regs))
perf_swevent_add(bp, 1, 1, &sample, regs);
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index b520ec1f33c..8e5ec5e1ab9 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -532,6 +532,14 @@ config LOCK_STAT
For more details, see Documentation/lockstat.txt
+ This also enables lock events required by "perf lock",
+ subcommand of perf.
+ If you want to use "perf lock", you also need to turn on
+ CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING.
+
+ CONFIG_LOCK_STAT defines "contended" and "acquired" lock events.
+ (CONFIG_LOCKDEP defines "acquire" and "release" events.)
+
config DEBUG_LOCKDEP
bool "Lock dependency engine debugging"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && LOCKDEP
diff --git a/samples/hw_breakpoint/data_breakpoint.c b/samples/hw_breakpoint/data_breakpoint.c
index c69cbe9b242..bd0f337afca 100644
--- a/samples/hw_breakpoint/data_breakpoint.c
+++ b/samples/hw_breakpoint/data_breakpoint.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/hw_breakpoint.h>
-struct perf_event **sample_hbp;
+struct perf_event * __percpu *sample_hbp;
static char ksym_name[KSYM_NAME_LEN] = "pid_max";
module_param_string(ksym, ksym_name, KSYM_NAME_LEN, S_IRUGO);
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ static int __init hw_break_module_init(void)
attr.bp_type = HW_BREAKPOINT_W | HW_BREAKPOINT_R;
sample_hbp = register_wide_hw_breakpoint(&attr, sample_hbp_handler);
- if (IS_ERR(sample_hbp)) {
- ret = PTR_ERR(sample_hbp);
+ if (IS_ERR((void __force *)sample_hbp)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR((void __force *)sample_hbp);
goto fail;
}
diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-lock.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-lock.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b317102138c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-lock.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+perf-lock(1)
+============
+
+NAME
+----
+perf-lock - Analyze lock events
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'perf lock' {record|report|trace}
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+You can analyze various lock behaviours
+and statistics with this 'perf lock' command.
+
+ 'perf lock record <command>' records lock events
+ between start and end <command>. And this command
+ produces the file "perf.data" which contains tracing
+ results of lock events.
+
+ 'perf lock trace' shows raw lock events.
+
+ 'perf lock report' reports statistical data.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkperf:perf[1]
diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-lock.c b/tools/perf/builtin-lock.c
index fb9ab2ad3f9..e12c844df1e 100644
--- a/tools/perf/builtin-lock.c
+++ b/tools/perf/builtin-lock.c
@@ -460,6 +460,150 @@ process_raw_event(void *data, int cpu,
process_lock_release_event(data, event, cpu, timestamp, thread);
}
+struct raw_event_queue {
+ u64 timestamp;
+ int cpu;
+ void *data;
+ struct thread *thread;
+ struct list_head list;
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(raw_event_head);
+
+#define FLUSH_PERIOD (5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)
+
+static u64 flush_limit = ULLONG_MAX;
+static u64 last_flush = 0;
+struct raw_event_queue *last_inserted;
+
+static void flush_raw_event_queue(u64 limit)
+{
+ struct raw_event_queue *tmp, *iter;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(iter, tmp, &raw_event_head, list) {
+ if (iter->timestamp > limit)
+ return;
+
+ if (iter == last_inserted)
+ last_inserted = NULL;
+
+ process_raw_event(iter->data, iter->cpu, iter->timestamp,
+ iter->thread);
+
+ last_flush = iter->timestamp;
+ list_del(&iter->list);
+ free(iter->data);
+ free(iter);
+ }
+}
+
+static void __queue_raw_event_end(struct raw_event_queue *new)
+{
+ struct raw_event_queue *iter;
+
+ list_for_each_entry_reverse(iter, &raw_event_head, list) {
+ if (iter->timestamp < new->timestamp) {
+ list_add(&new->list, &iter->list);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ list_add(&new->list, &raw_event_head);
+}
+
+static void __queue_raw_event_before(struct raw_event_queue *new,
+ struct raw_event_queue *iter)
+{
+ list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(iter, &raw_event_head, list) {
+ if (iter->timestamp < new->timestamp) {
+ list_add(&new->list, &iter->list);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ list_add(&new->list, &raw_event_head);
+}
+
+static void __queue_raw_event_after(struct raw_event_queue *new,
+ struct raw_event_queue *iter)
+{
+ list_for_each_entry_continue(iter, &raw_event_head, list) {
+ if (iter->timestamp > new->timestamp) {
+ list_add_tail(&new->list, &iter->list);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ list_add_tail(&new->list, &raw_event_head);
+}
+
+/* The queue is ordered by time */
+static void __queue_raw_event(struct raw_event_queue *new)
+{
+ if (!last_inserted) {
+ __queue_raw_event_end(new);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Most of the time the current event has a timestamp
+ * very close to the last event inserted, unless we just switched
+ * to another event buffer. Having a sorting based on a list and
+ * on the last inserted event that is close to the current one is
+ * probably more efficient than an rbtree based sorting.
+ */
+ if (last_inserted->timestamp >= new->timestamp)
+ __queue_raw_event_before(new, last_inserted);
+ else
+ __queue_raw_event_after(new, last_inserted);
+}
+
+static void queue_raw_event(void *data, int raw_size, int cpu,
+ u64 timestamp, struct thread *thread)
+{
+ struct raw_event_queue *new;
+
+ if (flush_limit == ULLONG_MAX)
+ flush_limit = timestamp + FLUSH_PERIOD;
+
+ if (timestamp < last_flush) {
+ printf("Warning: Timestamp below last timeslice flush\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ new = malloc(sizeof(*new));
+ if (!new)
+ die("Not enough memory\n");
+
+ new->timestamp = timestamp;
+ new->cpu = cpu;
+ new->thread = thread;
+
+ new->data = malloc(raw_size);
+ if (!new->data)
+ die("Not enough memory\n");
+
+ memcpy(new->data, data, raw_size);
+
+ __queue_raw_event(new);
+ last_inserted = new;
+
+ /*
+ * We want to have a slice of events covering 2 * FLUSH_PERIOD
+ * If FLUSH_PERIOD is big enough, it ensures every events that occured
+ * in the first half of the timeslice have all been buffered and there
+ * are none remaining (we need that because of the weakly ordered
+ * event recording we have). Then once we reach the 2 * FLUSH_PERIOD
+ * timeslice, we flush the first half to be gentle with the memory
+ * (the second half can still get new events in the middle, so wait
+ * another period to flush it)
+ */
+ if (new->timestamp > flush_limit &&
+ new->timestamp - flush_limit > FLUSH_PERIOD) {
+ flush_limit += FLUSH_PERIOD;
+ flush_raw_event_queue(flush_limit);
+ }
+}
+
static int process_sample_event(event_t *event, struct perf_session *session)
{
struct thread *thread;
@@ -480,7 +624,7 @@ static int process_sample_event(event_t *event, struct perf_session *session)
if (profile_cpu != -1 && profile_cpu != (int) data.cpu)
return 0;
- process_raw_event(data.raw_data, data.cpu, data.time, thread);
+ queue_raw_event(data.raw_data, data.raw_size, data.cpu, data.time, thread);
return 0;
}
@@ -576,6 +720,7 @@ static void __cmd_report(void)
setup_pager();
select_key();
read_events();
+ flush_raw_event_queue(ULLONG_MAX);
sort_result();
print_result();
}
@@ -608,7 +753,6 @@ static const char *record_args[] = {
"record",
"-a",
"-R",
- "-M",
"-f",
"-m", "1024",
"-c", "1",
diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c b/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
index 5db687fc13d..407041d20de 100644
--- a/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
+++ b/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c
@@ -573,7 +573,8 @@ int cmd_trace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __used)
if (symbol__init() < 0)
return -1;
- setup_pager();
+ if (!script_name)
+ setup_pager();
session = perf_session__new(input_name, O_RDONLY, 0);
if (session == NULL)
@@ -608,7 +609,6 @@ int cmd_trace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __used)
return -1;
}
- perf_header__read(&session->header, input);
err = scripting_ops->generate_script("perf-trace");
goto out;
}
diff --git a/tools/perf/command-list.txt b/tools/perf/command-list.txt
index 9afcff2e3ae..db6ee94d4a8 100644
--- a/tools/perf/command-list.txt
+++ b/tools/perf/command-list.txt
@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@ perf-top mainporcelain common
perf-trace mainporcelain common
perf-probe mainporcelain common
perf-kmem mainporcelain common
+perf-lock mainporcelain common
diff --git a/tools/perf/perf-archive.sh b/tools/perf/perf-archive.sh
index 45fbe2f07b1..910468e6e01 100644
--- a/tools/perf/perf-archive.sh
+++ b/tools/perf/perf-archive.sh
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ fi
DEBUGDIR=~/.debug/
BUILDIDS=$(mktemp /tmp/perf-archive-buildids.XXXXXX)
+NOBUILDID=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-perf buildid-list -i $PERF_DATA --with-hits > $BUILDIDS
+perf buildid-list -i $PERF_DATA --with-hits | grep -v "^$NOBUILDID " > $BUILDIDS
if [ ! -s $BUILDIDS ] ; then
echo "perf archive: no build-ids found"
rm -f $BUILDIDS
diff --git a/tools/perf/perf.h b/tools/perf/perf.h
index 75f941bfba9..6fb379bc1d1 100644
--- a/tools/perf/perf.h
+++ b/tools/perf/perf.h
@@ -65,9 +65,7 @@
* Use the __kuser_memory_barrier helper in the CPU helper page. See
* arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S in the kernel source for details.
*/
-#define rmb() asm volatile("mov r0, #0xffff0fff; mov lr, pc;" \
- "sub pc, r0, #95" ::: "r0", "lr", "cc", \
- "memory")
+#define rmb() ((void(*)(void))0xffff0fa0)()
#define cpu_relax() asm volatile("":::"memory")
#endif
diff --git a/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c b/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
index c971e81e9cb..53181dbfe4a 100644
--- a/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
+++ b/tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ void show_perf_probe_events(void)
struct str_node *ent;
setup_pager();
-
memset(&pp, 0, sizeof(pp));
+
fd = open_kprobe_events(O_RDONLY, 0);
rawlist = get_trace_kprobe_event_rawlist(fd);
close(fd);