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diff --git a/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt b/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..aea20cd2a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt @@ -0,0 +1,622 @@ +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Linux WAN Router Utilities Package +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Version 2.2.1 +Mar 28, 2001 +Author: Nenad Corbic <ncorbic@sangoma.com> +Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Sangoma Technologies Inc. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +INTRODUCTION + +Wide Area Networks (WANs) are used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs) +and/or stand-alone hosts over vast distances with data transfer rates +significantly higher than those achievable with commonly used dial-up +connections. + +Usually an external device called `WAN router' sitting on your local network +or connected to your machine's serial port provides physical connection to +WAN. Although router's job may be as simple as taking your local network +traffic, converting it to WAN format and piping it through the WAN link, these +devices are notoriously expensive, with prices as much as 2 - 5 times higher +then the price of a typical PC box. + +Alternatively, considering robustness and multitasking capabilities of Linux, +an internal router can be built (most routers use some sort of stripped down +Unix-like operating system anyway). With a number of relatively inexpensive WAN +interface cards available on the market, a perfectly usable router can be +built for less than half a price of an external router. Yet a Linux box +acting as a router can still be used for other purposes, such as fire-walling, +running FTP, WWW or DNS server, etc. + +This kernel module introduces the notion of a WAN Link Driver (WLD) to Linux +operating system and provides generic hardware-independent services for such +drivers. Why can existing Linux network device interface not be used for +this purpose? Well, it can. However, there are a few key differences between +a typical network interface (e.g. Ethernet) and a WAN link. + +Many WAN protocols, such as X.25 and frame relay, allow for multiple logical +connections (known as `virtual circuits' in X.25 terminology) over a single +physical link. Each such virtual circuit may (and almost always does) lead +to a different geographical location and, therefore, different network. As a +result, it is the virtual circuit, not the physical link, that represents a +route and, therefore, a network interface in Linux terms. + +To further complicate things, virtual circuits are usually volatile in nature +(excluding so called `permanent' virtual circuits or PVCs). With almost no +time required to set up and tear down a virtual circuit, it is highly desirable +to implement on-demand connections in order to minimize network charges. So +unlike a typical network driver, the WAN driver must be able to handle multiple +network interfaces and cope as multiple virtual circuits come into existence +and go away dynamically. + +Last, but not least, WAN configuration is much more complex than that of say +Ethernet and may well amount to several dozens of parameters. Some of them +are "link-wide" while others are virtual circuit-specific. The same holds +true for WAN statistics which is by far more extensive and extremely useful +when troubleshooting WAN connections. Extending the ifconfig utility to suit +these needs may be possible, but does not seem quite reasonable. Therefore, a +WAN configuration utility and corresponding application programmer's interface +is needed for this purpose. + +Most of these problems are taken care of by this module. Its goal is to +provide a user with more-or-less standard look and feel for all WAN devices and +assist a WAN device driver writer by providing common services, such as: + + o User-level interface via /proc file system + o Centralized configuration + o Device management (setup, shutdown, etc.) + o Network interface management (dynamic creation/destruction) + o Protocol encapsulation/decapsulation + +To ba able to use the Linux WAN Router you will also need a WAN Tools package +available from + + ftp.sangoma.com/pub/linux/current_wanpipe/wanpipe-X.Y.Z.tgz + +where vX.Y.Z represent the wanpipe version number. + +For technical questions and/or comments please e-mail to ncorbic@sangoma.com. +For general inquiries please contact Sangoma Technologies Inc. by + + Hotline: 1-800-388-2475 (USA and Canada, toll free) + Phone: (905) 474-1990 ext: 106 + Fax: (905) 474-9223 + E-mail: dm@sangoma.com (David Mandelstam) + WWW: http://www.sangoma.com + + +INSTALLATION + +Please read the WanpipeForLinux.pdf manual on how to +install the WANPIPE tools and drivers properly. + + +After installing wanpipe package: /usr/local/wanrouter/doc. +On the ftp.sangoma.com : /linux/current_wanpipe/doc + + +COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING INFORMATION + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under +the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software +Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT +ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS +FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with +this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass +Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + + + +ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +This product is based on the WANPIPE(tm) Multiprotocol WAN Router developed +by Sangoma Technologies Inc. for Linux 2.0.x and 2.2.x. Success of the WANPIPE +together with the next major release of Linux kernel in summer 1996 commanded +adequate changes to the WANPIPE code to take full advantage of new Linux +features. + +Instead of continuing developing proprietary interface tied to Sangoma WAN +cards, we decided to separate all hardware-independent code into a separate +module and defined two levels of interfaces - one for user-level applications +and another for kernel-level WAN drivers. WANPIPE is now implemented as a +WAN driver compliant with the WAN Link Driver interface. Also a general +purpose WAN configuration utility and a set of shell scripts was developed to +support WAN router at the user level. + +Many useful ideas concerning hardware-independent interface implementation +were given by Mike McLagan <mike.mclagan@linux.org> and his implementation +of the Frame Relay router and drivers for Sangoma cards (dlci/sdla). + +With the new implementation of the APIs being incorporated into the WANPIPE, +a special thank goes to Alan Cox in providing insight into BSD sockets. + +Special thanks to all the WANPIPE users who performed field-testing, reported +bugs and made valuable comments and suggestions that help us to improve this +product. + + + +NEW IN THIS RELEASE + + o Updated the WANCFG utility + Calls the pppconfig to configure the PPPD + for async connections. + + o Added the PPPCONFIG utility + Used to configure the PPPD dameon for the + WANPIPE Async PPP and standard serial port. + The wancfg calls the pppconfig to configure + the pppd. + + o Fixed the PCI autodetect feature. + The SLOT 0 was used as an autodetect option + however, some high end PC's slot numbers start + from 0. + + o This release has been tested with the new backupd + daemon release. + + +PRODUCT COMPONENTS AND RELATED FILES + +/etc: (or user defined) + wanpipe1.conf default router configuration file + +/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/misc: + wanrouter.o router kernel loadable module + af_wanpipe.o wanpipe api socket module + +/lib/modules/X.Y.Z/net: + sdladrv.o Sangoma SDLA support module + wanpipe.o Sangoma WANPIPE(tm) driver module + +/proc/net/wanrouter + Config reads current router configuration + Status reads current router status + {name} reads WAN driver statistics + +/usr/sbin: + wanrouter wanrouter start-up script + wanconfig wanrouter configuration utility + sdladump WANPIPE adapter memory dump utility + fpipemon Monitor for Frame Relay + cpipemon Monitor for Cisco HDLC + ppipemon Monitor for PPP + xpipemon Monitor for X25 + wpkbdmon WANPIPE keyboard led monitor/debugger + +/usr/local/wanrouter: + README this file + COPYING GNU General Public License + Setup installation script + Filelist distribution definition file + wanrouter.rc meta-configuration file + (used by the Setup and wanrouter script) + +/usr/local/wanrouter/doc: + wanpipeForLinux.pdf WAN Router User's Manual + +/usr/local/wanrouter/patches: + wanrouter-v2213.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.11 up to 2.2.13. + wanrouter-v2214.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.2.14. + wanrouter-v2215.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.15 to 2.2.17. + wanrouter-v2218.gz patch for Linux kernels 2.2.18 and up. + wanrouter-v240.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.0. + wanrouter-v242.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.4.2 and up. + wanrouter-v2034.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.34 + wanrouter-v2036.gz patch for Linux kernel 2.0.36 and up. + +/usr/local/wanrouter/patches/kdrivers: + Sources of the latest WANPIPE device drivers. + These are used to UPGRADE the linux kernel to the newest + version if the kernel source has already been pathced with + WANPIPE drivers. + +/usr/local/wanrouter/samples: + interface sample interface configuration file + wanpipe1.cpri CHDLC primary port + wanpipe2.csec CHDLC secondary port + wanpipe1.fr Frame Relay protocol + wanpipe1.ppp PPP protocol ) + wanpipe1.asy CHDLC ASYNC protocol + wanpipe1.x25 X25 protocol + wanpipe1.stty Sync TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon) + wanpipe1.atty Async TTY driver (Used by Kernel PPPD daemon) + wanrouter.rc sample meta-configuration file + +/usr/local/wanrouter/util: + * wan-tools utilities source code + +/usr/local/wanrouter/api/x25: + * x25 api sample programs. +/usr/local/wanrouter/api/chdlc: + * chdlc api sample programs. +/usr/local/wanrouter/api/fr: + * fr api sample programs. +/usr/local/wanrouter/config/wancfg: + wancfg WANPIPE GUI configuration program. + Creates wanpipe#.conf files. +/usr/local/wanrouter/config/cfgft1: + cfgft1 GUI CSU/DSU configuration program. + +/usr/include/linux: + wanrouter.h router API definitions + wanpipe.h WANPIPE API definitions + sdladrv.h SDLA support module API definitions + sdlasfm.h SDLA firmware module definitions + if_wanpipe.h WANPIPE Socket definitions + if_wanpipe_common.h WANPIPE Socket/Driver common definitions. + sdlapci.h WANPIPE PCI definitions + + +/usr/src/linux/net/wanrouter: + * wanrouter source code + +/var/log: + wanrouter wanrouter start-up log (created by the Setup script) + +/var/lock: (or /var/lock/subsys for RedHat) + wanrouter wanrouter lock file (created by the Setup script) + +/usr/local/wanrouter/firmware: + fr514.sfm Frame relay firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card + cdual514.sfm Dual Port Cisco HDLC firmware for Sangoma S508/S514 card + ppp514.sfm PPP Firmware for Sangoma S508 and S514 cards + x25_508.sfm X25 Firmware for Sangoma S508 card. + + +REVISION HISTORY + +1.0.0 December 31, 1996 Initial version + +1.0.1 January 30, 1997 Status and statistics can be read via /proc + filesystem entries. + +1.0.2 April 30, 1997 Added UDP management via monitors. + +1.0.3 June 3, 1997 UDP management for multiple boards using Frame + Relay and PPP + Enabled continuous transmission of Configure + Request Packet for PPP (for 508 only) + Connection Timeout for PPP changed from 900 to 0 + Flow Control Problem fixed for Frame Relay + +1.0.4 July 10, 1997 S508/FT1 monitoring capability in fpipemon and + ppipemon utilities. + Configurable TTL for UDP packets. + Multicast and Broadcast IP source addresses are + silently discarded. + +1.0.5 July 28, 1997 Configurable T391,T392,N391,N392,N393 for Frame + Relay in router.conf. + Configurable Memory Address through router.conf + for Frame Relay, PPP and X.25. (commenting this + out enables auto-detection). + Fixed freeing up received buffers using kfree() + for Frame Relay and X.25. + Protect sdla_peek() by calling save_flags(), + cli() and restore_flags(). + Changed number of Trace elements from 32 to 20 + Added DLCI specific data monitoring in FPIPEMON. +2.0.0 Nov 07, 1997 Implemented protection of RACE conditions by + critical flags for FRAME RELAY and PPP. + DLCI List interrupt mode implemented. + IPX support in FRAME RELAY and PPP. + IPX Server Support (MARS) + More driver specific stats included in FPIPEMON + and PIPEMON. + +2.0.1 Nov 28, 1997 Bug Fixes for version 2.0.0. + Protection of "enable_irq()" while + "disable_irq()" has been enabled from any other + routine (for Frame Relay, PPP and X25). + Added additional Stats for Fpipemon and Ppipemon + Improved Load Sharing for multiple boards + +2.0.2 Dec 09, 1997 Support for PAP and CHAP for ppp has been + implemented. + +2.0.3 Aug 15, 1998 New release supporting Cisco HDLC, CIR for Frame + relay, Dynamic IP assignment for PPP and Inverse + Arp support for Frame-relay. Man Pages are + included for better support and a new utility + for configuring FT1 cards. + +2.0.4 Dec 09, 1998 Dual Port support for Cisco HDLC. + Support for HDLC (LAPB) API. + Supports BiSync Streaming code for S502E + and S503 cards. + Support for Streaming HDLC API. + Provides a BSD socket interface for + creating applications using BiSync + streaming. + +2.0.5 Aug 04, 1999 CHDLC initializatin bug fix. + PPP interrupt driven driver: + Fix to the PPP line hangup problem. + New PPP firmware + Added comments to the startup SYSTEM ERROR messages + Xpipemon debugging application for the X25 protocol + New USER_MANUAL.txt + Fixed the odd boundary 4byte writes to the board. + BiSync Streaming code has been taken out. + Available as a patch. + Streaming HDLC API has been taken out. + Available as a patch. + +2.0.6 Aug 17, 1999 Increased debugging in statup scripts + Fixed insallation bugs from 2.0.5 + Kernel patch works for both 2.2.10 and 2.2.11 kernels. + There is no functional difference between the two packages + +2.0.7 Aug 26, 1999 o Merged X25API code into WANPIPE. + o Fixed a memeory leak for X25API + o Updated the X25API code for 2.2.X kernels. + o Improved NEM handling. + +2.1.0 Oct 25, 1999 o New code for S514 PCI Card + o New CHDLC and Frame Relay drivers + o PPP and X25 are not supported in this release + +2.1.1 Nov 30, 1999 o PPP support for S514 PCI Cards + +2.1.3 Apr 06, 2000 o Socket based x25api + o Socket based chdlc api + o Socket based fr api + o Dual Port Receive only CHDLC support. + o Asynchronous CHDLC support (Secondary Port) + o cfgft1 GUI csu/dsu configurator + o wancfg GUI configuration file + configurator. + o Architectual directory changes. + +beta-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o Dynamic interface configuration: + Network interfaces reflect the state + of protocol layer. If the protocol becomes + disconnected, driver will bring down + the interface. Once the protocol reconnects + the interface will be brought up. + + Note: This option is turned off by default. + + o Dynamic wanrouter setup using 'wanconfig': + wanconfig utility can be used to + shutdown,restart,start or reconfigure + a virtual circuit dynamically. + + Frame Relay: Each DLCI can be: + created,stopped,restarted and reconfigured + dynamically using wanconfig. + + ex: wanconfig card wanpipe1 dev wp1_fr16 up + + o Wanrouter startup via command line arguments: + wanconfig also supports wanrouter startup via command line + arguments. Thus, there is no need to create a wanpipe#.conf + configuration file. + + o Socket based x25api update/bug fixes. + Added support for LCN numbers greater than 255. + Option to pass up modem messages. + Provided a PCI IRQ check, so a single S514 + card is guaranteed to have a non-sharing interrupt. + + o Fixes to the wancfg utility. + o New FT1 debugging support via *pipemon utilities. + o Frame Relay ARP support Enabled. + +beta3-2.1.4 Jul 2000 o X25 M_BIT Problem fix. + o Added the Multi-Port PPP + Updated utilites for the Multi-Port PPP. + +2.1.4 Aut 2000 + o In X25API: + Maximum packet an application can send + to the driver has been extended to 4096 bytes. + + Fixed the x25 startup bug. Enable + communications only after all interfaces + come up. HIGH SVC/PVC is used to calculate + the number of channels. + Enable protocol only after all interfaces + are enabled. + + o Added an extra state to the FT1 config, kernel module. + o Updated the pipemon debuggers. + + o Blocked the Multi-Port PPP from running on kernels + 2.2.16 or greater, due to syncppp kernel module + change. + +beta1-2.1.5 Nov 15 2000 + o Fixed the MulitPort PPP Support for kernels 2.2.16 and above. + 2.2.X kernels only + + o Secured the driver UDP debugging calls + - All illegal netowrk debugging calls are reported to + the log. + - Defined a set of allowed commands, all other denied. + + o Cpipemon + - Added set FT1 commands to the cpipemon. Thus CSU/DSU + configuraiton can be performed using cpipemon. + All systems that cannot run cfgft1 GUI utility should + use cpipemon to configure the on board CSU/DSU. + + + o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger + - A new utilty /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds + to convey operatinal statistic information of the + Sangoma WANPIPE cards. + NUM_LOCK = Line State (On=connected, Off=disconnected) + CAPS_LOCK = Tx data (On=transmitting, Off=no tx data) + SCROLL_LOCK = Rx data (On=receiving, Off=no rx data + + o Hardware probe on module load and dynamic device allocation + - During WANPIPE module load, all Sangoma cards are probed + and found information is printed in the /var/log/messages. + - If no cards are found, the module load fails. + - Appropriate number of devices are dynamically loaded + based on the number of Sangoma cards found. + + Note: The kernel configuraiton option + CONFIG_WANPIPE_CARDS has been taken out. + + o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are + compatible with libpcap libraries. Meaning, tcpdump, snort, + ethereal, and all other packet sniffers and debuggers work on + all WANPIPE netowrk interfaces. + - Set the network interface encoding type to ARPHRD_PPP. + This tell the sniffers that data obtained from the + network interface is in pure IP format. + Fix for 2.2.X kernels only. + + o True interface encoding option for Frame Relay and CHDLC + - The above fix sets the network interface encoding + type to ARPHRD_PPP, however some customers use + the encoding interface type to determine the + protocol running. Therefore, the TURE ENCODING + option will set the interface type back to the + original value. + + NOTE: If this option is used with Frame Relay and CHDLC + libpcap library support will be broken. + i.e. tcpdump will not work. + Fix for 2.2.x Kernels only. + + o Ethernet Bridgind over Frame Relay + - The Frame Relay bridging has been developed by + Kristian Hoffmann and Mark Wells. + - The Linux kernel bridge is used to send ethernet + data over the frame relay links. + For 2.2.X Kernels only. + + o Added extensive 2.0.X support. Most new features of + 2.1.5 for protocols Frame Relay, PPP and CHDLC are + supported under 2.0.X kernels. + +beta1-2.2.0 Dec 30 2000 + o Updated drivers for 2.4.X kernels. + o Updated drivers for SMP support. + o X25API is now able to share PCI interrupts. + o Took out a general polling routine that was used + only by X25API. + o Added appropriate locks to the dynamic reconfiguration + code. + o Fixed a bug in the keyboard debug monitor. + +beta2-2.2.0 Jan 8 2001 + o Patches for 2.4.0 kernel + o Patches for 2.2.18 kernel + o Minor updates to PPP and CHLDC drivers. + Note: No functinal difference. + +beta3-2.2.9 Jan 10 2001 + o I missed the 2.2.18 kernel patches in beta2-2.2.0 + release. They are included in this release. + +Stable Release +2.2.0 Feb 01 2001 + o Bug fix in wancfg GUI configurator. + The edit function didn't work properly. + + +bata1-2.2.1 Feb 09 2001 + o WANPIPE TTY Driver emulation. + Two modes of operation Sync and Async. + Sync: Using the PPPD daemon, kernel SyncPPP layer + and the Wanpipe sync TTY driver: a PPP protocol + connection can be established via Sangoma adapter, over + a T1 leased line. + + The 2.4.0 kernel PPP layer supports MULTILINK + protocol, that can be used to bundle any number of Sangoma + adapters (T1 lines) into one, under a single IP address. + Thus, efficiently obtaining multiple T1 throughput. + + NOTE: The remote side must also implement MULTILINK PPP + protocol. + + Async:Using the PPPD daemon, kernel AsyncPPP layer + and the WANPIPE async TTY driver: a PPP protocol + connection can be established via Sangoma adapter and + a modem, over a telephone line. + + Thus, the WANPIPE async TTY driver simulates a serial + TTY driver that would normally be used to interface the + MODEM to the linux kernel. + + o WANPIPE PPP Backup Utility + This utility will monitor the state of the PPP T1 line. + In case of failure, a dial up connection will be established + via pppd daemon, ether via a serial tty driver (serial port), + or a WANPIPE async TTY driver (in case serial port is unavailable). + + Furthermore, while in dial up mode, the primary PPP T1 link + will be monitored for signs of life. + + If the PPP T1 link comes back to life, the dial up connection + will be shutdown and T1 line re-established. + + + o New Setup installation script. + Option to UPGRADE device drivers if the kernel source has + already been patched with WANPIPE. + + Option to COMPILE WANPIPE modules against the currently + running kernel, thus no need for manual kernel and module + re-compilatin. + + o Updates and Bug Fixes to wancfg utility. + +bata2-2.2.1 Feb 20 2001 + + o Bug fixes to the CHDLC device drivers. + The driver had compilation problems under kernels + 2.2.14 or lower. + + o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script. + The device drivers compilation options didn't work + properly. + + o Update to the wpbackupd daemon. + Optimized the cross-over times, between the primary + link and the backup dialup. + +beta3-2.2.1 Mar 02 2001 + o Patches for 2.4.2 kernel. + + o Bug fixes to util/ make files. + o Bug fixes to the Setup installation script. + + o Took out the backupd support and made it into + as separate package. + +beta4-2.2.1 Mar 12 2001 + + o Fix to the Frame Relay Device driver. + IPSAC sends a packet of zero length + header to the frame relay driver. The + driver tries to push its own 2 byte header + into the packet, which causes the driver to + crash. + + o Fix the WANPIPE re-configuration code. + Bug was found by trying to run the cfgft1 while the + interface was already running. + + o Updates to cfgft1. + Writes a wanpipe#.cfgft1 configuration file + once the CSU/DSU is configured. This file can + holds the current CSU/DSU configuration. + + + +>>>>>> END OF README <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< + + |