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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/rbtree.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/rbtree.txt | 209 |
1 files changed, 173 insertions, 36 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/rbtree.txt b/Documentation/rbtree.txt index 8d32d85a523..61b6c48871a 100644 --- a/Documentation/rbtree.txt +++ b/Documentation/rbtree.txt @@ -193,24 +193,55 @@ Example: Support for Augmented rbtrees ----------------------------- -Augmented rbtree is an rbtree with "some" additional data stored in each node. -This data can be used to augment some new functionality to rbtree. -Augmented rbtree is an optional feature built on top of basic rbtree -infrastructure. An rbtree user who wants this feature will have to call the -augmentation functions with the user provided augmentation callback -when inserting and erasing nodes. - -On insertion, the user must call rb_augment_insert() once the new node is in -place. This will cause the augmentation function callback to be called for -each node between the new node and the root which has been affected by the -insertion. - -When erasing a node, the user must call rb_augment_erase_begin() first to -retrieve the deepest node on the rebalance path. Then, after erasing the -original node, the user must call rb_augment_erase_end() with the deepest -node found earlier. This will cause the augmentation function to be called -for each affected node between the deepest node and the root. - +Augmented rbtree is an rbtree with "some" additional data stored in +each node, where the additional data for node N must be a function of +the contents of all nodes in the subtree rooted at N. This data can +be used to augment some new functionality to rbtree. Augmented rbtree +is an optional feature built on top of basic rbtree infrastructure. +An rbtree user who wants this feature will have to call the augmentation +functions with the user provided augmentation callback when inserting +and erasing nodes. + +C files implementing augmented rbtree manipulation must include +<linux/rbtree_augmented.h> instead of <linus/rbtree.h>. Note that +linux/rbtree_augmented.h exposes some rbtree implementations details +you are not expected to rely on; please stick to the documented APIs +there and do not include <linux/rbtree_augmented.h> from header files +either so as to minimize chances of your users accidentally relying on +such implementation details. + +On insertion, the user must update the augmented information on the path +leading to the inserted node, then call rb_link_node() as usual and +rb_augment_inserted() instead of the usual rb_insert_color() call. +If rb_augment_inserted() rebalances the rbtree, it will callback into +a user provided function to update the augmented information on the +affected subtrees. + +When erasing a node, the user must call rb_erase_augmented() instead of +rb_erase(). rb_erase_augmented() calls back into user provided functions +to updated the augmented information on affected subtrees. + +In both cases, the callbacks are provided through struct rb_augment_callbacks. +3 callbacks must be defined: + +- A propagation callback, which updates the augmented value for a given + node and its ancestors, up to a given stop point (or NULL to update + all the way to the root). + +- A copy callback, which copies the augmented value for a given subtree + to a newly assigned subtree root. + +- A tree rotation callback, which copies the augmented value for a given + subtree to a newly assigned subtree root AND recomputes the augmented + information for the former subtree root. + +The compiled code for rb_erase_augmented() may inline the propagation and +copy callbacks, which results in a large function, so each augmented rbtree +user should have a single rb_erase_augmented() call site in order to limit +compiled code size. + + +Sample usage: Interval tree is an example of augmented rb tree. Reference - "Introduction to Algorithms" by Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest and Stein. @@ -230,26 +261,132 @@ and its immediate children. And this will be used in O(log n) lookup for lowest match (lowest start address among all possible matches) with something like: -find_lowest_match(lo, hi, node) +struct interval_tree_node * +interval_tree_first_match(struct rb_root *root, + unsigned long start, unsigned long last) { - lowest_match = NULL; - while (node) { - if (max_hi(node->left) > lo) { - // Lowest overlap if any must be on left side - node = node->left; - } else if (overlap(lo, hi, node)) { - lowest_match = node; - break; - } else if (lo > node->lo) { - // Lowest overlap if any must be on right side - node = node->right; - } else { - break; + struct interval_tree_node *node; + + if (!root->rb_node) + return NULL; + node = rb_entry(root->rb_node, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + + while (true) { + if (node->rb.rb_left) { + struct interval_tree_node *left = + rb_entry(node->rb.rb_left, + struct interval_tree_node, rb); + if (left->__subtree_last >= start) { + /* + * Some nodes in left subtree satisfy Cond2. + * Iterate to find the leftmost such node N. + * If it also satisfies Cond1, that's the match + * we are looking for. Otherwise, there is no + * matching interval as nodes to the right of N + * can't satisfy Cond1 either. + */ + node = left; + continue; + } } + if (node->start <= last) { /* Cond1 */ + if (node->last >= start) /* Cond2 */ + return node; /* node is leftmost match */ + if (node->rb.rb_right) { + node = rb_entry(node->rb.rb_right, + struct interval_tree_node, rb); + if (node->__subtree_last >= start) + continue; + } + } + return NULL; /* No match */ + } +} + +Insertion/removal are defined using the following augmented callbacks: + +static inline unsigned long +compute_subtree_last(struct interval_tree_node *node) +{ + unsigned long max = node->last, subtree_last; + if (node->rb.rb_left) { + subtree_last = rb_entry(node->rb.rb_left, + struct interval_tree_node, rb)->__subtree_last; + if (max < subtree_last) + max = subtree_last; + } + if (node->rb.rb_right) { + subtree_last = rb_entry(node->rb.rb_right, + struct interval_tree_node, rb)->__subtree_last; + if (max < subtree_last) + max = subtree_last; + } + return max; +} + +static void augment_propagate(struct rb_node *rb, struct rb_node *stop) +{ + while (rb != stop) { + struct interval_tree_node *node = + rb_entry(rb, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + unsigned long subtree_last = compute_subtree_last(node); + if (node->__subtree_last == subtree_last) + break; + node->__subtree_last = subtree_last; + rb = rb_parent(&node->rb); } - return lowest_match; } -Finding exact match will be to first find lowest match and then to follow -successor nodes looking for exact match, until the start of a node is beyond -the hi value we are looking for. +static void augment_copy(struct rb_node *rb_old, struct rb_node *rb_new) +{ + struct interval_tree_node *old = + rb_entry(rb_old, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + struct interval_tree_node *new = + rb_entry(rb_new, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + + new->__subtree_last = old->__subtree_last; +} + +static void augment_rotate(struct rb_node *rb_old, struct rb_node *rb_new) +{ + struct interval_tree_node *old = + rb_entry(rb_old, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + struct interval_tree_node *new = + rb_entry(rb_new, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + + new->__subtree_last = old->__subtree_last; + old->__subtree_last = compute_subtree_last(old); +} + +static const struct rb_augment_callbacks augment_callbacks = { + augment_propagate, augment_copy, augment_rotate +}; + +void interval_tree_insert(struct interval_tree_node *node, + struct rb_root *root) +{ + struct rb_node **link = &root->rb_node, *rb_parent = NULL; + unsigned long start = node->start, last = node->last; + struct interval_tree_node *parent; + + while (*link) { + rb_parent = *link; + parent = rb_entry(rb_parent, struct interval_tree_node, rb); + if (parent->__subtree_last < last) + parent->__subtree_last = last; + if (start < parent->start) + link = &parent->rb.rb_left; + else + link = &parent->rb.rb_right; + } + + node->__subtree_last = last; + rb_link_node(&node->rb, rb_parent, link); + rb_insert_augmented(&node->rb, root, &augment_callbacks); +} + +void interval_tree_remove(struct interval_tree_node *node, + struct rb_root *root) +{ + rb_erase_augmented(&node->rb, root, &augment_callbacks); +} |