diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa/soc')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt | 380 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt | 309 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt | 232 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt | 297 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt | 114 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt | 83 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt | 58 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt | 52 |
8 files changed, 1525 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..919de76bab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt @@ -0,0 +1,380 @@ +ASoC currently supports the three main Digital Audio Interfaces (DAI) found on +SoC controllers and portable audio CODECS today, namely AC97, I2S and PCM. + + +AC97 +==== + + AC97 is a five wire interface commonly found on many PC sound cards. It is +now also popular in many portable devices. This DAI has a reset line and time +multiplexes its data on its SDATA_OUT (playback) and SDATA_IN (capture) lines. +The bit clock (BCLK) is always driven by the CODEC (usually 12.288MHz) and the +frame (FRAME) (usually 48kHz) is always driven by the controller. Each AC97 +frame is 21uS long and is divided into 13 time slots. + +The AC97 specification can be found at http://intel.com/ + + +I2S +=== + + I2S is a common 4 wire DAI used in HiFi, STB and portable devices. The Tx and +Rx lines are used for audio transmision, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and +left/right clock (LRC) synchronise the link. I2S is flexible in that either the +controller or CODEC can drive (master) the BCLK and LRC clock lines. Bit clock +usually varies depending on the sample rate and the master system clock +(SYSCLK). LRCLK is the same as the sample rate. A few devices support separate +ADC and DAC LRCLK's, this allows for similtanious capture and playback at +different sample rates. + +I2S has several different operating modes:- + + o I2S - MSB is transmitted on the falling edge of the first BCLK after LRC + transition. + + o Left Justified - MSB is transmitted on transition of LRC. + + o Right Justified - MSB is transmitted sample size BCLK's before LRC + transition. + +PCM +=== + +PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, that can support a more +flexible protocol. It has bit clock (BCLK) and sync (SYNC) lines that are used +to synchronise the link whilst the Tx and Rx lines are used to transmit and +receive the audio data. Bit clock usually varies depending on sample rate +whilst sync runs at the sample rate. PCM also supports Time Division +Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus similtaniuosly (This +is sometimes referred to as network mode). + +Common PCM operating modes:- + + o Mode A - MSB is transmitted on falling edge of first BCLK after FRAME/SYNC. + + o Mode B - MSB is transmitted on rising edge of FRAME/SYNC. + + +ASoC DAI Configuration +====================== + +Every CODEC DAI and SoC DAI must have their capabilities defined in order to +be configured together at runtime when the audio and clocking parameters are +known. This is achieved by creating an array of struct snd_soc_hw_mode in the +the CODEC and SoC interface drivers. Each element in the array describes a DAI +mode and each mode is usually based upon the DAI system clock to sample rate +ratio (FS). + +i.e. 48k sample rate @ 256 FS = sytem clock of 12.288 MHz + 48000 * 256 = 12288000 + +The CPU and Codec DAI modes are then ANDed together at runtime to determine the +rutime DAI configuration for both the Codec and CPU. + +When creating a new codec or SoC DAI it's probably best to start of with a few +sample rates first and then test your interface. + +struct snd_soc_dai_mode is defined (in soc.h) as:- + +/* SoC DAI mode */ +struct snd_soc_hw_mode { + unsigned int fmt:16; /* SND_SOC_DAIFMT_* */ + unsigned int tdm:16; /* SND_SOC_DAITDM_* */ + unsigned int pcmfmt:6; /* SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_* */ + unsigned int pcmrate:16; /* SND_SOC_DAIRATE_* */ + unsigned int pcmdir:2; /* SND_SOC_DAIDIR_* */ + unsigned int flags:8; /* hw flags */ + unsigned int fs:32; /* mclk to rate dividers */ + unsigned int bfs:16; /* mclk to bclk dividers */ + unsigned long priv; /* private mode data */ +}; + +fmt: +---- +This field defines the DAI mode hardware format (e.g. I2S settings) and +supports the following settings:- + + 1) hardware DAI formats + +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S (1 << 0) /* I2S mode */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_RIGHT_J (1 << 1) /* Right justified mode */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_LEFT_J (1 << 2) /* Left Justified mode */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_DSP_A (1 << 3) /* L data msb after FRM */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_DSP_B (1 << 4) /* L data msb during FRM */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_AC97 (1 << 5) /* AC97 */ + + 2) hw DAI signal inversions + +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF (1 << 8) /* normal bit clock + frame */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_IF (1 << 9) /* normal bclk + inv frm */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_IB_NF (1 << 10) /* invert bclk + nor frm */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_IB_IF (1 << 11) /* invert bclk + frm */ + + 3) hw clock masters + This is wrt the codec, the inverse is true for the interface + i.e. if the codec is clk and frm master then the interface is + clk and frame slave. + +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM (1 << 12) /* codec clk & frm master */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFM (1 << 13) /* codec clk slave & frm master */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFS (1 << 14) /* codec clk master & frame slave */ +#define SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS (1 << 15) /* codec clk & frm slave */ + +At least one option from each section must be selected. Multiple selections are +also supported e.g. + + .fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_LEFT_J | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_RIGHT_J | \ + SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_IF | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_IB_NF | \ + SND_SOC_DAIFMT_IB_IF + + +tdm: +------ +This field defines the Time Division Multiplexing left and right word +positions for the DAI mode if applicable. Set to SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0) for +no TDM. + + +pcmfmt: +--------- +The hardware PCM format. This describes the PCM formats supported by the DAI +mode e.g. + + .hwpcmfmt = SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE | \ + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE + +pcmrate: +---------- +The PCM sample rates supported by the DAI mode. e.g. + + .hwpcmrate = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_11025 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_16000 | \ + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_22050 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | \ + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 + + +pcmdir: +--------- +The stream directions supported by this mode. e.g. playback and capture + + +flags: +-------- +The DAI hardware flags supported by the mode. + +SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV +This flag states that bit clock is generated by dividing MCLK in this mode, if +this flag is absent the bitclock generated by mulitiplying sample rate. + +NOTE: Bitclock division and mulitiplication modes can be safely matched by the +core logic. + + +fs: +----- +The FS supported by this DAI mode FS is the ratio between the system clock and +the sample rate. See above + +bfs: +------ +BFS is the ratio of BCLK to MCLK or the ratio of BCLK to sample rate (this +depends on the codec or CPU DAI). + +The BFS supported by the DAI mode. This can either be the ratio between the +bitclock (BCLK) and the sample rate OR the ratio between the system clock and +the sample rate. Depends on the SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV flag above. + +priv: +----- +private codec mode data. + + + +Examples +======== + +Note that Codec DAI and CPU DAI examples are interchangeable in these examples +as long as the bus master is reversed. i.e. + + SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM would become SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS + and vice versa. + +This applies to all SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CB*_CF*. + +Example 1 +--------- + +Simple codec that only runs at 8k & 48k @ 256FS in master mode, can generate a +BCLK of either MCLK/2 or MCLK/4. + + /* codec master */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 256, SND_SOC_FSBD(2) | SND_SOC_FSBD(4)}, + + +Example 2 +--------- +Simple codec that only runs at 8k & 48k @ 256FS in master mode, can generate a +BCLK of either Rate * 32 or Rate * 64. + + /* codec master */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, 0, + 256, SND_SOC_FSB(32) | SND_SOC_FSB(64)}, + + +Example 3 +--------- +Codec that only runs at 8k & 48k @ 256FS in master mode, can generate a +BCLK of either Rate * 32 or Rate * 64. Codec can also run in slave mode as long +as BCLK is rate * 32 or rate * 64. + + /* codec master */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, 0, + 256, SND_SOC_FSB(32) | SND_SOC_FSB(64)}, + + /* codec slave */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, 0, + SND_SOC_FS_ALL, SND_SOC_FSB(32) | SND_SOC_FSB(64)}, + + +Example 4 +--------- +Codec that only runs at 8k, 16k, 32k, 48k, 96k @ 128FS, 192FS & 256FS in master +mode and can generate a BCLK of MCLK / (1,2,4,8,16). Codec can also run in slave +mode as and does not care about FS or BCLK (as long as there is enough bandwidth). + + #define CODEC_FSB \ + (SND_SOC_FSBD(1) | SND_SOC_FSBD(2) | SND_SOC_FSBD(4) | \ + SND_SOC_FSBD(8) | SND_SOC_FSBD(16)) + + #define CODEC_RATES \ + (SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_16000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 |\ + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000) + + /* codec master @ 128, 192 & 256 FS */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, CODEC_RATES, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 128, CODEC_FSB}, + + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, CODEC_RATES, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 192, CODEC_FSB}, + + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, CODEC_RATES, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 256, CODEC_FSB}, + + /* codec slave */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, CODEC_RATES, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, 0, + SND_SOC_FS_ALL, SND_SOC_FSB_ALL}, + + +Example 5 +--------- +Codec that only runs at 8k, 44.1k, 48k @ different FS in master mode (for use +with a fixed MCLK) and can generate a BCLK of MCLK / (1,2,4,8,16). +Codec can also run in slave mode as and does not care about FS or BCLK (as long +as there is enough bandwidth). Codec can support 16, 24 and 32 bit PCM sample +sizes. + + #define CODEC_FSB \ + (SND_SOC_FSBD(1) | SND_SOC_FSBD(2) | SND_SOC_FSBD(4) | \ + SND_SOC_FSBD(8) | SND_SOC_FSBD(16)) + + #define CODEC_PCM_FORMATS \ + (SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE | \ + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE | SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE) + + /* codec master */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 1536, CODEC_FSB}, + + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 272, CODEC_FSB}, + + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, + 256, CODEC_FSB}, + + /* codec slave */ + {SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, CODEC_RATES, + SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE, 0, + SND_SOC_FS_ALL, SND_SOC_FSB_ALL}, + + +Example 6 +--------- +AC97 Codec that does not support VRA (i.e only runs at 48k). + + #define AC97_DIR \ + (SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE) + + + #define AC97_PCM_FORMATS \ + (SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE | \ + SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE) + + /* AC97 with no VRA */ + {0, 0, AC97_PCM_FORMATS, SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000}, + + +Example 7 +--------- + +CPU DAI that supports 8k - 48k @ 256FS and BCLK = MCLK / 4 in master mode. +Slave mode (CPU DAI is FRAME master) supports 8k - 96k at any FS as long as +BCLK = 64 * rate. (Intel XScale I2S controller). + + #define PXA_I2S_DAIFMT \ + (SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_LEFT_J | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF) + + #define PXA_I2S_DIR \ + (SND_SOC_DAIDIR_PLAYBACK | SND_SOC_DAIDIR_CAPTURE) + + #define PXA_I2S_RATES \ + (SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_11025 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_16000 | \ + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_22050 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | \ + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000) + + /* pxa2xx I2S frame and clock master modes */ + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0x48}, + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_11025, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0x34}, + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_16000, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0x24}, + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_22050, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0x1a}, + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0xd}, + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000, PXA_I2S_DIR, SND_SOC_DAI_BFS_DIV, 256, + SND_SOC_FSBD(4), 0xc}, + + /* pxa2xx I2S frame master and clock slave mode */ + {PXA_I2S_DAIFMT | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFS, SND_SOC_DAITDM_LRDW(0,0), SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, + PXA_I2S_RATES, PXA_I2S_DIR, 0, SND_SOC_FS_ALL, SND_SOC_FSB(64)}, + diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..88a16c9e197 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt @@ -0,0 +1,309 @@ +Audio Clocking +============== + +This text describes the audio clocking terms in ASoC and digital audio in +general. Note: Audio clocking can be complex ! + + +Master Clock +------------ + +Every audio subsystem is driven by a master clock (sometimes refered to as MCLK +or SYSCLK). This audio master clock can be derived from a number of sources +(e.g. crystal, PLL, CPU clock) and is responsible for producing the correct +audio playback and capture sample rates. + +Some master clocks (e.g. PLL's and CPU based clocks) are configuarble in that +their speed can be altered by software (depending on the system use and to save +power). Other master clocks are fixed at at set frequency (i.e. crystals). + + +DAI Clocks +---------- +The Digital Audio Interface is usually driven by a Bit Clock (often referred to +as BCLK). This clock is used to drive the digital audio data across the link +between the codec and CPU. + +The DAI also has a frame clock to signal the start of each audio frame. This +clock is sometimes referred to as LRC (left right clock) or FRAME. This clock +runs at exactly the sample rate. + +Bit Clock is usually always a ratio of MCLK or a multiple of LRC. i.e. + +BCLK = MCLK / x + + or + +BCLK = LRC * x + +This relationship depends on the codec or SoC CPU in particular. ASoC can quite +easily match a codec that generates BCLK by division (FSBD) with a CPU that +generates BCLK by multiplication (FSB). + + +ASoC Clocking +------------- + +The ASoC core determines the clocking for each particular configuration at +runtime. This is to allow for dynamic audio clocking wereby the audio clock is +variable and depends on the system state or device usage scenario. i.e. a voice +call requires slower clocks (and hence less power) than MP3 playback. + +ASoC will call the config_sysclock() function for the target machine during the +audio parameters configuration. The function is responsible for then clocking +the machine audio subsytem and returning the audio clock speed to the core. +This function should also call the codec and cpu DAI clock_config() functions +to configure their respective internal clocking if required. + + +ASoC Clocking Control Flow +-------------------------- + +The ASoC core will call the machine drivers config_sysclock() when most of the +DAI capabilities are known. The machine driver is then responsible for calling +the codec and/or CPU DAI drivers with the selected capabilities and the current +MCLK. Note that the machine driver is also resonsible for setting the MCLK (and +enabling it). + + (1) Match Codec and CPU DAI capabilities. At this point we have + matched the majority of the DAI fields and now need to make sure this + mode is currently clockable. + + (2) machine->config_sysclk() is now called with the matched DAI FS, sample + rate and BCLK master. This function then gets/sets the current audio + clock (depening on usage) and calls the codec and CPUI DAI drivers with + the FS, rate, BCLK master and MCLK. + + (3) Codec/CPU DAI config_sysclock(). This function checks that the FS, rate, + BCLK master and MCLK are acceptable for the codec or CPU DAI. It also + sets the DAI internal state to work with said clocks. + +The config_sysclk() functions for CPU, codec and machine should return the MCLK +on success and 0 on failure. + + +Examples (b = BCLK, l = LRC) +============================ + +Example 1 +--------- + +Simple codec that only runs at 48k @ 256FS in master mode. + +CPU only runs as slave DAI, however it generates a variable MCLK. + + -------- --------- + | | <----mclk--- | | + | Codec |b -----------> | CPU | + | |l -----------> | | + | | | | + -------- --------- + +The codec driver has the following config_sysclock() + + static unsigned int config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info, unsigned int clk) + { + /* make sure clock is 256 * rate */ + if(info->rate << 8 == clk) { + dai->mclk = clk; + return clk; + } + + return 0; + } + +The CPU I2S DAI driver has the following config_sysclk() + + static unsigned int config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info, unsigned int clk) + { + /* can we support this clk */ + if(set_audio_clk(clk) < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + dai->mclk = clk; + return dai->clk; + } + +The machine driver config_sysclk() in this example is as follows:- + + unsigned int machine_config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info) + { + int clk = info->rate * info->fs; + + /* check that CPU can deliver clock */ + if(rtd->cpu_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->cpu_dai, info, clk) < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + /* can codec work with this clock */ + return rtd->codec_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->codec_dai, info, clk); + } + + +Example 2 +--------- + +Codec that can master at 8k and 48k at various FS (and hence supports a fixed +set of input MCLK's) and can also be slave at various FS . + +The CPU can master at 8k and 48k @256 FS and can be slave at any FS. + +MCLK is a 12.288MHz crystal on this machine. + + -------- --------- + | | <---xtal---> | | + | Codec |b <----------> | CPU | + | |l <----------> | | + | | | | + -------- --------- + + +The codec driver has the following config_sysclock() + + /* supported input clocks */ + const static int hifi_clks[] = {11289600, 12000000, 12288000, + 16934400, 18432000}; + + static unsigned int config_hsysclk(struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info, unsigned int clk) + { + int i; + + /* is clk supported */ + for(i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(hifi_clks); i++) { + if(clk == hifi_clks[i]) { + dai->mclk = clk; + return clk; + } + } + + /* this clk is not supported */ + return 0; + } + +The CPU I2S DAI driver has the following config_sysclk() + + static unsigned int config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info, unsigned int clk) + { + /* are we master or slave */ + if (info->bclk_master & + (SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFS)) { + + /* we can only master @ 256FS */ + if(info->rate << 8 == clk) { + dai->mclk = clk; + return dai->mclk; + } + } else { + /* slave we can run at any FS */ + dai->mclk = clk; + return dai->mclk; + } + + /* not supported */ + return dai->clk; + } + +The machine driver config_sysclk() in this example is as follows:- + + unsigned int machine_config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info) + { + int clk = 12288000; /* 12.288MHz */ + + /* who's driving the link */ + if (info->bclk_master & + (SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFS)) { + /* codec master */ + + /* check that CPU can work with clock */ + if(rtd->cpu_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->cpu_dai, info, clk) < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + /* can codec work with this clock */ + return rtd->codec_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->codec_dai, info, clk); + } else { + /* cpu master */ + + /* check that codec can work with clock */ + if(rtd->codec_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->codec_dai, info, clk) < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + /* can CPU work with this clock */ + return rtd->cpu_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->cpu_dai, info, clk); + } + } + + + +Example 3 +--------- + +Codec that masters at 8k ... 48k @256 FS. Codec can also be slave and +doesn't care about FS. The codec has an internal PLL and dividers to generate +the necessary internal clocks (for 256FS). + +CPU can only be slave and doesn't care about FS. + +MCLK is a non controllable 13MHz clock from the CPU. + + + -------- --------- + | | <----mclk--- | | + | Codec |b <----------> | CPU | + | |l <----------> | | + | | | | + -------- --------- + +The codec driver has the following config_sysclock() + + /* valid PCM clock dividers * 2 */ + static int pcm_divs[] = {2, 6, 11, 4, 8, 12, 16}; + + static unsigned int config_vsysclk(struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info, unsigned int clk) + { + int i, j, best_clk = info->fs * info->rate; + + /* can we run at this clk without the PLL ? */ + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pcm_divs); i++) { + if ((best_clk >> 1) * pcm_divs[i] == clk) { + dai->pll_in = 0; + dai->clk_div = pcm_divs[i]; + dai->mclk = best_clk; + return dai->mclk; + } + } + + /* now check for PLL support */ + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pll_div); i++) { + if (pll_div[i].pll_in == clk) { + for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pcm_divs); j++) { + if (pll_div[i].pll_out == pcm_divs[j] * (best_clk >> 1)) { + dai->pll_in = clk; + dai->pll_out = pll_div[i].pll_out; + dai->clk_div = pcm_divs[j]; + dai->mclk = best_clk; + return dai->mclk; + } + } + } + } + + /* this clk is not supported */ + return 0; + } + + +The CPU I2S DAI driver has the does not need a config_sysclk() as it can slave +at any FS. + + unsigned int config_sysclk(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, + struct snd_soc_clock_info *info) + { + /* codec has pll that generates mclk from 13MHz xtal */ + return rtd->codec_dai->config_sysclk(rtd->codec_dai, info, 13000000); + } diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47b36cb1684 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +ASoC Codec Driver +================= + +The codec driver is generic and hardware independent code that configures the +codec to provide audio capture and playback. It should contain no code that is +specific to the target platform or machine. All platform and machine specific +code should be added to the platform and machine drivers respectively. + +Each codec driver must provide the following features:- + + 1) Digital audio interface (DAI) description + 2) Digital audio interface configuration + 3) PCM's description + 4) Codec control IO - using I2C, 3 Wire(SPI) or both API's + 5) Mixers and audio controls + 6) Sysclk configuration + 7) Codec audio operations + +Optionally, codec drivers can also provide:- + + 8) DAPM description. + 9) DAPM event handler. +10) DAC Digital mute control. + +It's probably best to use this guide in conjuction with the existing codec +driver code in sound/soc/codecs/ + +ASoC Codec driver breakdown +=========================== + +1 - Digital Audio Interface (DAI) description +--------------------------------------------- +The DAI is a digital audio data transfer link between the codec and host SoC +CPU. It typically has data transfer capabilities in both directions +(playback and capture) and can run at a variety of different speeds. +Supported interfaces currently include AC97, I2S and generic PCM style links. +Please read DAI.txt for implementation information. + + +2 - Digital Audio Interface (DAI) configuration +----------------------------------------------- +DAI configuration is handled by the codec_pcm_prepare function and is +responsible for configuring and starting the DAI on the codec. This can be +called multiple times and is atomic. It can access the runtime parameters. + +This usually consists of a large function with numerous switch statements to +set up each configuration option. These options are set by the core at runtime. + + +3 - Codec PCM's +--------------- +Each codec must have it's PCM's defined. This defines the number of channels, +stream names, callbacks and codec name. It is also used to register the DAI +with the ASoC core. The PCM structure also associates the DAI capabilities with +the ALSA PCM. + +e.g. + +static struct snd_soc_pcm_codec wm8731_pcm_client = { + .name = "WM8731", + .playback = { + .stream_name = "Playback", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + }, + .capture = { + .stream_name = "Capture", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + }, + .config_sysclk = wm8731_config_sysclk, + .ops = { + .prepare = wm8731_pcm_prepare, + }, + .caps = { + .num_modes = ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_hwfmt), + .modes = &wm8731_hwfmt[0], + }, +}; + + +4 - Codec control IO +-------------------- +The codec can ususally be controlled via an I2C or SPI style interface (AC97 +combines control with data in the DAI). The codec drivers will have to provide +functions to read and write the codec registers along with supplying a register +cache:- + + /* IO control data and register cache */ + void *control_data; /* codec control (i2c/3wire) data */ + void *reg_cache; + +Codec read/write should do any data formatting and call the hardware read write +below to perform the IO. These functions are called by the core and alsa when +performing DAPM or changing the mixer:- + + unsigned int (*read)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int); + int (*write)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int, unsigned int); + +Codec hardware IO functions - usually points to either the I2C, SPI or AC97 +read/write:- + + hw_write_t hw_write; + hw_read_t hw_read; + + +5 - Mixers and audio controls +----------------------------- +All the codec mixers and audio controls can be defined using the convenience +macros defined in soc.h. + + #define SOC_SINGLE(xname, reg, shift, mask, invert) + +Defines a single control as follows:- + + xname = Control name e.g. "Playback Volume" + reg = codec register + shift = control bit(s) offset in register + mask = control bit size(s) e.g. mask of 7 = 3 bits + invert = the control is inverted + +Other macros include:- + + #define SOC_DOUBLE(xname, reg, shift_left, shift_right, mask, invert) + +A stereo control + + #define SOC_DOUBLE_R(xname, reg_left, reg_right, shift, mask, invert) + +A stereo control spanning 2 registers + + #define SOC_ENUM_SINGLE(xreg, xshift, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines an single enumerated control as follows:- + + xreg = register + xshift = control bit(s) offset in register + xmask = control bit(s) size + xtexts = pointer to array of strings that describe each setting + + #define SOC_ENUM_DOUBLE(xreg, xshift_l, xshift_r, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines a stereo enumerated control + + +6 - System clock configuration. +------------------------------- +The system clock that drives the audio subsystem can change depending on sample +rate and the system power state. i.e. + +o Higher sample rates sometimes need a higher system clock. +o Low system power states can sometimes limit the available clocks. + +This function is a callback that the machine driver can call to set and +determine if the clock and sample rate combination is supported by the codec at +the present time (and system state). + +NOTE: If the codec has a PLL then it has a lot more flexability wrt clock and +sample rate combinations. + +Your config_sysclock function should return the MCLK if it's a valid +combination for your codec else 0; + +Please read clocking.txt now. + + +7 - Codec Audio Operations +-------------------------- +The codec driver also supports the following alsa operations:- + +/* SoC audio ops */ +struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + void (*shutdown)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + int (*hw_params)(snd_pcm_substream_t *, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *); + int (*hw_free)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + int (*prepare)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); +}; + +Please refer to the alsa driver PCM documentation for details. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm + + +8 - DAPM description. +--------------------- +The Dynamic Audio Power Management description describes the codec's power +components, their relationships and registers to the ASoC core. Please read +dapm.txt for details of building the description. + +Please also see the examples in other codec drivers. + + +9 - DAPM event handler +---------------------- +This function is a callback that handles codec domain PM calls and system +domain PM calls (e.g. suspend and resume). It's used to put the codec to sleep +when not in use. + +Power states:- + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0: /* full On */ + /* vref/mid, clk and osc on, active */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D1: /* partial On */ + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D2: /* partial On */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot: /* Off, with power */ + /* everything off except vref/vmid, inactive */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3cold: /* Everything Off, without power */ + + +10 - Codec DAC digital mute control. +------------------------------------ +Most codecs have a digital mute before the DAC's that can be used to minimise +any system noise. The mute stops any digital data from entering the DAC. + +A callback can be created that is called by the core for each codec DAI when the +mute is applied or freed. + +i.e. + +static int wm8974_mute(struct snd_soc_codec *codec, + struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, int mute) +{ + u16 mute_reg = wm8974_read_reg_cache(codec, WM8974_DAC) & 0xffbf; + if(mute) + wm8974_write(codec, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg | 0x40); + else + wm8974_write(codec, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg); + return 0; +} diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c11877f5b4a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices +=================================================== + +1. Description +============== + +Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable Linux devices +to use the minimum amount of power within the audio subsystem at all times. It +is independent of other kernel PM and as such, can easily co-exist with the +other PM systems. + +DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as all power +switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or recompiling are +required for user space applications. DAPM makes power switching descisions based +upon any audio stream (capture/playback) activity and audio mixer settings +within the device. + +DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire audio +subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine level power +systems. + +There are 4 power domains within DAPM + + 1. Codec domain - VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power) + Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although + can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc. + + 2. Platform/Machine domain - physically connected inputs and outputs + Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the + machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP + are inserted + + 3. Path domain - audio susbsystem signal paths + Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user. + e.g. alsamixer, amixer. + + 4. Stream domain - DAC's and ADC's. + Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and + stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord. + +All DAPM power switching descisons are made automatically by consulting an audio +routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and +consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including +internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called +widgets hereafter. + + +2. DAPM Widgets +=============== + +Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:- + + o Mixer - Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal. + o Mux - An analog switch that outputs only 1 of it's inputs. + o PGA - A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget. + o ADC - Analog to Digital Converter + o DAC - Digital to Analog Converter + o Switch - An analog switch + o Input - A codec input pin + o Output - A codec output pin + o Headphone - Headphone (and optional Jack) + o Mic - Mic (and optional Jack) + o Line - Line Input/Output (and optional Jack) + o Speaker - Speaker + o Pre - Special PRE widget (exec before all others) + o Post - Special POST widget (exec after all others) + +(Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h) + +Widgets are usually added in the codec driver and the machine driver. There are +convience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly build a +list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets. + +Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra +parameters for stream name and kcontrols. + + +2.1 Stream Domain Widgets +------------------------- + +Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADC's +(analog to digital converters) and DAC's (digital to analog converters). + +Stream widgets have the following format:- + +SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert), + +NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codecs +snd_soc_codec_dai. + +e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture + +SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1), +SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1), + + +2.2 Path Domain Widgets +----------------------- + +Path domain widgets have a ability to control or effect the audio signal or +audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:- + +SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls) + +Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members. + +e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first) + +/* Output Mixer */ +static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = { +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0), +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0), +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0), +}; + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls, + ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)), + + +2.3 Platform/Machine domain Widgets +----------------------------------- + +Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a +codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each +machine audio component (non codec) that can be independently powered. e.g. + + o Speaker Amp + o Microphone Bias + o Jack connectors + +A machine widget can have an optional call back. + +e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias +when the Mic is inserted:- + +static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event) +{ + if(SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)) + set_scoop_gpio(&spitzscoop2_device.dev, SPITZ_SCP2_MIC_BIAS); + else + reset_scoop_gpio(&spitzscoop2_device.dev, SPITZ_SCP2_MIC_BIAS); + + return 0; +} + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias), + + +2.4 Codec Domain +---------------- + +The Codec power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM event +handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt to any +stream event or by kernel PM events. + + +2.5 Virtual Widgets +------------------- + +Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any +corresponding register bit for power control. In this case it's necessary to +create a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g. + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0), + +This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software. + +After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM +subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control(). + + +3. Codec Widget Interconnections +================================ + +Widgets are connected to each other within the codec and machine by audio +paths (called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in order +to create a map of all audio paths between widgets. +This is easiest with a diagram of the codec (and schematic of the machine audio +system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal paths. + +i.e. from the WM8731 codec's output mixer (wm8731.c) + +The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources) + + 1. Line Bypass Input + 2. DAC (HiFi playback) + 3. Mic Sidetone Input + +Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example +above) and is connected to the output mixer via it's kcontrol name. We can now +connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with it's source widgets. + + /* output mixer */ + {"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"}, + {"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"}, + {"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"}, + +So we have :- + + Destination Widget <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget + +Or:- + + Sink, Path, Source + +Or :- + + "Output Mixer" is connected to the "DAC" via the "HiFi Playback Switch". + +When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we +pass NULL for the path name. + +Interconnections are created with a call to:- + +snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source); + +Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and +interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to +scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the +physical state of the machine. + + +3.1 Machine Widget Interconnections +----------------------------------- +Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and +directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets. + +e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker. + + /* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2 */ + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"}, + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"}, + +This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use) +and pins that are NC respectively. + + +4 Endpoint Widgets +=================== +An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the +machine and includes the codec. e.g. + + o Headphone Jack + o Internal Speaker + o Internal Mic + o Mic Jack + o Codec Pins + +When a codec pin is NC it can be marked as not used with a call to + +snd_soc_dapm_set_endpoint(codec, "Widget Name", 0); + +The last argument is 0 for inactive and 1 for active. This way the pin and its +input widget will never be powered up and consume power. + +This also applies to machine widgets. e.g. if a headphone is connected to a +jack then the jack can be marked active. If the headphone is removed, then +the headphone jack can be marked inactive. + + +5 DAPM Widget Events +==================== + +Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events. +e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be +powered only when the spk is in use. + +/* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */ +static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event) +{ + if (SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)) + set_scoop_gpio(&corgiscoop_device.dev, CORGI_SCP_APM_ON); + else + reset_scoop_gpio(&corgiscoop_device.dev, CORGI_SCP_APM_ON); + + return 0; +} + +/* corgi machine dapm widgets */ +static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets = + SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event); + +Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events. + + +5.1 Event types +--------------- + +The following event types are supported by event widgets. + +/* dapm event types */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU 0x1 /* before widget power up */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU 0x2 /* after widget power up */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD 0x4 /* before widget power down */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD 0x8 /* after widget power down */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG 0x10 /* before audio path setup */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG 0x20 /* after audio path setup */ diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3014795b173 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +ASoC Machine Driver +=================== + +The ASoC machine (or board) driver is the code that glues together the platform +and codec drivers. + +The machine driver can contain codec and platform specific code. It registers +the audio subsystem with the kernel as a platform device and is represented by +the following struct:- + +/* SoC machine */ +struct snd_soc_machine { + char *name; + + int (*probe)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*remove)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + /* the pre and post PM functions are used to do any PM work before and + * after the codec and DAI's do any PM work. */ + int (*suspend_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*suspend_post)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*resume_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*resume_post)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + /* machine stream operations */ + struct snd_soc_ops *ops; + + /* CPU <--> Codec DAI links */ + struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link; + int num_links; +}; + +probe()/remove() +---------------- +probe/remove are optional. Do any machine specific probe here. + + +suspend()/resume() +------------------ +The machine driver has pre and post versions of suspend and resume to take care +of any machine audio tasks that have to be done before or after the codec, DAI's +and DMA is suspended and resumed. Optional. + + +Machine operations +------------------ +The machine specific audio operations can be set here. Again this is optional. + + +Machine DAI Configuration +------------------------- +The machine DAI configuration glues all the codec and CPU DAI's together. It can +also be used to set up the DAI system clock and for any machine related DAI +initialisation e.g. the machine audio map can be connected to the codec audio +map, unconnnected codec pins can be set as such. Please see corgi.c, spitz.c +for examples. + +struct snd_soc_dai_link is used to set up each DAI in your machine. e.g. + +/* corgi digital audio interface glue - connects codec <--> CPU */ +static struct snd_soc_dai_link corgi_dai = { + .name = "WM8731", + .stream_name = "WM8731", + .cpu_dai = &pxa_i2s_dai, + .codec_dai = &wm8731_dai, + .init = corgi_wm8731_init, + .config_sysclk = corgi_config_sysclk, +}; + +struct snd_soc_machine then sets up the machine with it's DAI's. e.g. + +/* corgi audio machine driver */ +static struct snd_soc_machine snd_soc_machine_corgi = { + .name = "Corgi", + .dai_link = &corgi_dai, + .num_links = 1, + .ops = &corgi_ops, +}; + + +Machine Audio Subsystem +----------------------- + +The machine soc device glues the platform, machine and codec driver together. +Private data can also be set here. e.g. + +/* corgi audio private data */ +static struct wm8731_setup_data corgi_wm8731_setup = { + .i2c_address = 0x1b, +}; + +/* corgi audio subsystem */ +static struct snd_soc_device corgi_snd_devdata = { + .machine = &snd_soc_machine_corgi, + .platform = &pxa2xx_soc_platform, + .codec_dev = &soc_codec_dev_wm8731, + .codec_data = &corgi_wm8731_setup, +}; + + +Machine Power Map +----------------- + +The machine driver can optionally extend the codec power map and to become an +audio power map of the audio subsystem. This allows for automatic power up/down +of speaker/HP amplifiers, etc. Codec pins can be connected to the machines jack +sockets in the machine init function. See soc/pxa/spitz.c and dapm.txt for +details. + + +Machine Controls +---------------- + +Machine specific audio mixer controls can be added in the dai init function.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..753c5cc5984 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +ALSA SoC Layer +============== + +The overall project goal of the ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer is to provide +better ALSA support for embedded system on chip procesors (e.g. pxa2xx, au1x00, +iMX, etc) and portable audio codecs. Currently there is some support in the +kernel for SoC audio, however it has some limitations:- + + * Currently, codec drivers are often tightly coupled to the underlying SoC + cpu. This is not ideal and leads to code duplication i.e. Linux now has 4 + different wm8731 drivers for 4 different SoC platforms. + + * There is no standard method to signal user initiated audio events. + e.g. Headphone/Mic insertion, Headphone/Mic detection after an insertion + event. These are quite common events on portable devices and ofter require + machine specific code to re route audio, enable amps etc after such an event. + + * Current drivers tend to power up the entire codec when playing + (or recording) audio. This is fine for a PC, but tends to waste a lot of + power on portable devices. There is also no support for saving power via + changing codec oversampling rates, bias currents, etc. + + +ASoC Design +=========== + +The ASoC layer is designed to address these issues and provide the following +features :- + + * Codec independence. Allows reuse of codec drivers on other platforms + and machines. + + * Easy I2S/PCM audio interface setup between codec and SoC. Each SoC interface + and codec registers it's audio interface capabilities with the core and are + subsequently matched and configured when the application hw params are known. + + * Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM). DAPM automatically sets the codec to + it's minimum power state at all times. This includes powering up/down + internal power blocks depending on the internal codec audio routing and any + active streams. + + * Pop and click reduction. Pops and clicks can be reduced by powering the + codec up/down in the correct sequence (including using digital mute). ASoC + signals the codec when to change power states. + + * Machine specific controls: Allow machines to add controls to the sound card + e.g. volume control for speaker amp. + +To achieve all this, ASoC basically splits an embedded audio system into 3 +components :- + + * Codec driver: The codec driver is platform independent and contains audio + controls, audio interface capabilities, codec dapm definition and codec IO + functions. + + * Platform driver: The platform driver contains the audio dma engine and audio + interface drivers (e.g. I2S, AC97, PCM) for that platform. + + * Machine driver: The machine driver handles any machine specific controls and + audio events. i.e. turing on an amp at start of playback. + + +Documentation +============= + +The documentation is spilt into the following sections:- + +overview.txt: This file. + +codec.txt: Codec driver internals. + +DAI.txt: Description of Digital Audio Interface standards and how to configure +a DAI within your codec and CPU DAI drivers. + +dapm.txt: Dynamic Audio Power Management + +platform.txt: Platform audio DMA and DAI. + +machine.txt: Machine driver internals. + +pop_clicks.txt: How to minimise audio artifacts. + +clocking.txt: ASoC clocking for best power performance.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c88df261e92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +ASoC Platform Driver +==================== + +An ASoC platform driver can be divided into audio DMA and SoC DAI configuration +and control. The platform drivers only target the SoC CPU and must have no board +specific code. + +Audio DMA +========= + +The platform DMA driver optionally supports the following alsa operations:- + +/* SoC audio ops */ +struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + void (*shutdown)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + int (*hw_params)(snd_pcm_substream_t *, snd_pcm_hw_params_t *); + int (*hw_free)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + int (*prepare)(snd_pcm_substream_t *); + int (*trigger)(snd_pcm_substream_t *, int); +}; + +The platform driver exports it's DMA functionailty via struct snd_soc_platform:- + +struct snd_soc_platform { + char *name; + + int (*probe)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*remove)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *pdev, struct snd_soc_cpu_dai *cpu_dai); + int (*resume)(struct platform_device *pdev, struct snd_soc_cpu_dai *cpu_dai); + + /* pcm creation and destruction */ + int (*pcm_new)(snd_card_t *, struct snd_soc_codec_dai *, snd_pcm_t *); + void (*pcm_free)(snd_pcm_t *); + + /* platform stream ops */ + snd_pcm_ops_t *pcm_ops; +}; + +Please refer to the alsa driver documentation for details of audio DMA. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm + +An example DMA driver is soc/pxa/pxa2xx-pcm.c + + +SoC DAI Drivers +=============== + +Each SoC DAI driver must provide the following features:- + + 1) Digital audio interface (DAI) description + 2) Digital audio interface configuration + 3) PCM's description + 4) Sysclk configuration + 5) Suspend and resume (optional) + +Please see codec.txt for a description of items 1 - 4. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f4f8de5a968 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Audio Pops and Clicks +===================== + +Pops and clicks are unwanted audio artifacts caused by the powering up and down +of components within the audio subsystem. This is noticable on PC's when an audio +module is either loaded or unloaded (at module load time the sound card is +powered up and causes a popping noise on the speakers). + +Pops and clicks can be more frequent on portable systems with DAPM. This is because +the components within the subsystem are being dynamically powered depending on +the audio usage and this can subsequently cause a small pop or click every time a +component power state is changed. + + +Minimising Playback Pops and Clicks +=================================== + +Playback pops in portable audio subsystems cannot be completely eliminated atm, +however future audio codec hardware will have better pop and click supression. +Pops can be reduced within playback by powering the audio components in a +specific order. This order is different for startup and shutdown and follows +some basic rules:- + + Startup Order :- DAC --> Mixers --> Output PGA --> Digital Unmute + + Shutdown Order :- Digital Mute --> Output PGA --> Mixers --> DAC + +This assumes that the codec PCM output path from the DAC is via a mixer and then +a PGA (programmable gain amplifier) before being output to the speakers. + + +Minimising Capture Pops and Clicks +================================== + +Capture artifacts are somewhat easier to get rid as we can delay activating the +ADC until all the pops have occured. This follows similar power rules to +playback in that components are powered in a sequence depending upon stream +startup or shutdown. + + Startup Order - Input PGA --> Mixers --> ADC + + Shutdown Order - ADC --> Mixers --> Input PGA + + +Zipper Noise +============ +An unwanted zipper noise can occur within the audio playback or capture stream +when a volume control is changed near its maximum gain value. The zipper noise +is heard when the gain increase or decrease changes the mean audio signal +amplitude too quickly. It can be minimised by enabling the zero cross setting +for each volume control. The ZC forces the gain change to occur when the signal +crosses the zero amplitude line. |