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- An OSS/Lite Driver for the ESS Maestro family of sound cards
-
- Zach Brown, December 1999
-
-Driver Status and Availability
-------------------------------
-
-The most recent version of this driver will hopefully always be available at
- http://www.zabbo.net/maestro/
-
-I will try and maintain the most recent stable version of the driver
-in both the stable and development kernel lines.
-
-ESS Maestro Chip Family
------------------------
-
-There are 3 main variants of the ESS Maestro PCI sound chip. The first
-is the Maestro 1. It was originally produced by Platform Tech as the
-'AGOGO'. It can be recognized by Platform Tech's PCI ID 0x1285 with
-0x0100 as the device ID. It was put on some sound boards and a few laptops.
-ESS bought the design and cleaned it up as the Maestro 2. This starts
-their marking with the ESS vendor ID 0x125D and the 'year' device IDs.
-The Maestro 2 claims 0x1968 while the Maestro 2e has 0x1978.
-
-The various families of Maestro are mostly identical as far as this
-driver is concerned. It doesn't touch the DSP parts that differ (though
-it could for FM synthesis).
-
-Driver OSS Behavior
---------------------
-
-This OSS driver exports /dev/mixer and /dev/dsp to applications, which
-mostly adhere to the OSS spec. This driver doesn't register itself
-with /dev/sndstat, so don't expect information to appear there.
-
-The /dev/dsp device exported behaves almost as expected. Playback is
-supported in all the various lovely formats. 8/16bit stereo/mono from
-8khz to 48khz, and mmap()ing for playback behaves. Capture/recording
-is limited due to oddities with the Maestro hardware. One can only
-record in 16bit stereo. For recording the maestro uses non interleaved
-stereo buffers so that mmap()ing the incoming data does not result in
-a ring buffer of LRLR data. mmap()ing of the read buffers is therefore
-disallowed until this can be cleaned up.
-
-/dev/mixer is an interface to the AC'97 codec on the Maestro. It is
-worth noting that there are a variety of AC'97s that can be wired to
-the Maestro. Which is used is entirely up to the hardware implementor.
-This should only be visible to the user by the presence, or lack, of
-'Bass' and 'Treble' sliders in the mixer. Not all AC'97s have them.
-
-The driver doesn't support MIDI or FM playback at the moment. Typically
-the Maestro is wired to an MPU MIDI chip, but some hardware implementations
-don't. We need to assemble a white list of hardware implementations that
-have MIDI wired properly before we can claim to support it safely.
-
-Compiling and Installing
-------------------------
-
-With the drivers inclusion into the kernel, compiling and installing
-is the same as most OSS/Lite modular sound drivers. Compilation
-of the driver is enabled through the CONFIG_SOUND_MAESTRO variable
-in the config system.
-
-It may be modular or statically linked. If it is modular it should be
-installed with the rest of the modules for the kernel on the system.
-Typically this will be in /lib/modules/ somewhere. 'alias sound maestro'
-should also be added to your module configs (typically /etc/conf.modules)
-if you're using modular OSS/Lite sound and want to default to using a
-maestro chip.
-
-As this is a PCI device, the module does not need to be informed of
-any IO or IRQ resources it should use, it devines these from the
-system. Sometimes, on sucky PCs, the BIOS fails to allocated resources
-for the maestro. This will result in a message like:
- maestro: PCI subsystem reports IRQ 0, this might not be correct.
-from the kernel. Should this happen the sound chip most likely will
-not operate correctly. To solve this one has to dig through their BIOS
-(typically entered by hitting a hot key at boot time) and figure out
-what magic needs to happen so that the BIOS will reward the maestro with
-an IRQ. This operation is incredibly system specific, so you're on your
-own. Sometimes the magic lies in 'PNP Capable Operating System' settings.
-
-There are very few options to the driver. One is 'debug' which will
-tell the driver to print minimal debugging information as it runs. This
-can be collected with 'dmesg' or through the klogd daemon.
-
-The other, more interesting option, is 'dsps_order'. Typically at
-install time the driver will only register one available /dev/dsp device
-for its use. The 'dsps_order' module parameter allows for more devices
-to be allocated, as a power of two. Up to 4 devices can be registered
-( dsps_order=2 ). These devices act as fully distinct units and use
-separate channels in the maestro.
-
-Power Management
-----------------
-
-As of version 0.14, this driver has a minimal understanding of PCI
-Power Management. If it finds a valid power management capability
-on the PCI device it will attempt to use the power management
-functions of the maestro. It will only do this on Maestro 2Es and
-only on machines that are known to function well. You can
-force the use of power management by setting the 'use_pm' module
-option to 1, or can disable it entirely by setting it to 0.
-
-When using power management, the driver does a few things
-differently. It will keep the chip in a lower power mode
-when the module is inserted but /dev/dsp is not open. This
-allows the mixer to function but turns off the clocks
-on other parts of the chip. When /dev/dsp is opened the chip
-is brought into full power mode, and brought back down
-when it is closed. It also powers down the chip entirely
-when the module is removed or the machine is shutdown. This
-can have nonobvious consequences. CD audio may not work
-after a power managing driver is removed. Also, software that
-doesn't understand power management may not be able to talk
-to the powered down chip until the machine goes through a hard
-reboot to bring it back.
-
-.. more details ..
-------------------
-
-drivers/sound/maestro.c contains comments that hopefully explain
-the maestro implementation.