diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt | 187 |
1 files changed, 168 insertions, 19 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt index ff124374e9b..a31177390e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/v4l2-framework.txt @@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ All drivers have the following structure: 3) Creating V4L2 device nodes (/dev/videoX, /dev/vbiX, /dev/radioX and /dev/vtxX) and keeping track of device-node specific data. -4) Filehandle-specific structs containing per-filehandle data. +4) Filehandle-specific structs containing per-filehandle data; + +5) video buffer handling. This is a rough schematic of how it all relates: @@ -82,12 +84,20 @@ You must register the device instance: v4l2_device_register(struct device *dev, struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev); Registration will initialize the v4l2_device struct and link dev->driver_data -to v4l2_dev. Registration will also set v4l2_dev->name to a value derived from -dev (driver name followed by the bus_id, to be precise). You may change the -name after registration if you want. +to v4l2_dev. If v4l2_dev->name is empty then it will be set to a value derived +from dev (driver name followed by the bus_id, to be precise). If you set it +up before calling v4l2_device_register then it will be untouched. If dev is +NULL, then you *must* setup v4l2_dev->name before calling v4l2_device_register. The first 'dev' argument is normally the struct device pointer of a pci_dev, -usb_device or platform_device. +usb_device or platform_device. It is rare for dev to be NULL, but it happens +with ISA devices or when one device creates multiple PCI devices, thus making +it impossible to associate v4l2_dev with a particular parent. + +You can also supply a notify() callback that can be called by sub-devices to +notify you of events. Whether you need to set this depends on the sub-device. +Any notifications a sub-device supports must be defined in a header in +include/media/<subdevice>.h. You unregister with: @@ -95,6 +105,17 @@ You unregister with: Unregistering will also automatically unregister all subdevs from the device. +If you have a hotpluggable device (e.g. a USB device), then when a disconnect +happens the parent device becomes invalid. Since v4l2_device has a pointer to +that parent device it has to be cleared as well to mark that the parent is +gone. To do this call: + + v4l2_device_disconnect(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev); + +This does *not* unregister the subdevs, so you still need to call the +v4l2_device_unregister() function for that. If your driver is not hotpluggable, +then there is no need to call v4l2_device_disconnect(). + Sometimes you need to iterate over all devices registered by a specific driver. This is usually the case if multiple device drivers use the same hardware. E.g. the ivtvfb driver is a framebuffer driver that uses the ivtv @@ -134,7 +155,7 @@ The recommended approach is as follows: static atomic_t drv_instance = ATOMIC_INIT(0); -static int __devinit drv_probe(struct pci_dev *dev, +static int __devinit drv_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id) { ... @@ -218,7 +239,7 @@ to add new ops and categories. A sub-device driver initializes the v4l2_subdev struct using: - v4l2_subdev_init(subdev, &ops); + v4l2_subdev_init(sd, &ops); Afterwards you need to initialize subdev->name with a unique name and set the module owner. This is done for you if you use the i2c helper functions. @@ -226,7 +247,7 @@ module owner. This is done for you if you use the i2c helper functions. A device (bridge) driver needs to register the v4l2_subdev with the v4l2_device: - int err = v4l2_device_register_subdev(device, subdev); + int err = v4l2_device_register_subdev(v4l2_dev, sd); This can fail if the subdev module disappeared before it could be registered. After this function was called successfully the subdev->dev field points to @@ -234,17 +255,17 @@ the v4l2_device. You can unregister a sub-device using: - v4l2_device_unregister_subdev(subdev); + v4l2_device_unregister_subdev(sd); -Afterwards the subdev module can be unloaded and subdev->dev == NULL. +Afterwards the subdev module can be unloaded and sd->dev == NULL. You can call an ops function either directly: - err = subdev->ops->core->g_chip_ident(subdev, &chip); + err = sd->ops->core->g_chip_ident(sd, &chip); but it is better and easier to use this macro: - err = v4l2_subdev_call(subdev, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); + err = v4l2_subdev_call(sd, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); The macro will to the right NULL pointer checks and returns -ENODEV if subdev is NULL, -ENOIOCTLCMD if either subdev->core or subdev->core->g_chip_ident is @@ -252,19 +273,19 @@ NULL, or the actual result of the subdev->ops->core->g_chip_ident ops. It is also possible to call all or a subset of the sub-devices: - v4l2_device_call_all(dev, 0, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); + v4l2_device_call_all(v4l2_dev, 0, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); Any subdev that does not support this ops is skipped and error results are ignored. If you want to check for errors use this: - err = v4l2_device_call_until_err(dev, 0, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); + err = v4l2_device_call_until_err(v4l2_dev, 0, core, g_chip_ident, &chip); Any error except -ENOIOCTLCMD will exit the loop with that error. If no errors (except -ENOIOCTLCMD) occured, then 0 is returned. The second argument to both calls is a group ID. If 0, then all subdevs are called. If non-zero, then only those whose group ID match that value will -be called. Before a bridge driver registers a subdev it can set subdev->grp_id +be called. Before a bridge driver registers a subdev it can set sd->grp_id to whatever value it wants (it's 0 by default). This value is owned by the bridge driver and the sub-device driver will never modify or use it. @@ -276,6 +297,11 @@ e.g. AUDIO_CONTROLLER and specify that as the group ID value when calling v4l2_device_call_all(). That ensures that it will only go to the subdev that needs it. +If the sub-device needs to notify its v4l2_device parent of an event, then +it can call v4l2_subdev_notify(sd, notification, arg). This macro checks +whether there is a notify() callback defined and returns -ENODEV if not. +Otherwise the result of the notify() call is returned. + The advantage of using v4l2_subdev is that it is a generic struct and does not contain any knowledge about the underlying hardware. So a driver might contain several subdevs that use an I2C bus, but also a subdev that is @@ -340,6 +366,12 @@ Make sure to call v4l2_device_unregister_subdev(sd) when the remove() callback is called. This will unregister the sub-device from the bridge driver. It is safe to call this even if the sub-device was never registered. +You need to do this because when the bridge driver destroys the i2c adapter +the remove() callbacks are called of the i2c devices on that adapter. +After that the corresponding v4l2_subdev structures are invalid, so they +have to be unregistered first. Calling v4l2_device_unregister_subdev(sd) +from the remove() callback ensures that this is always done correctly. + The bridge driver also has some helper functions it can use: @@ -349,8 +381,8 @@ This loads the given module (can be NULL if no module needs to be loaded) and calls i2c_new_device() with the given i2c_adapter and chip/address arguments. If all goes well, then it registers the subdev with the v4l2_device. It gets the v4l2_device by calling i2c_get_adapdata(adapter), so you should make sure -that adapdata is set to v4l2_device when you setup the i2c_adapter in your -driver. +to call i2c_set_adapdata(adapter, v4l2_device) when you setup the i2c_adapter +in your driver. You can also use v4l2_i2c_new_probed_subdev() which is very similar to v4l2_i2c_new_subdev(), except that it has an array of possible I2C addresses @@ -358,6 +390,14 @@ that it should probe. Internally it calls i2c_new_probed_device(). Both functions return NULL if something went wrong. +Note that the chipid you pass to v4l2_i2c_new_(probed_)subdev() is usually +the same as the module name. It allows you to specify a chip variant, e.g. +"saa7114" or "saa7115". In general though the i2c driver autodetects this. +The use of chipid is something that needs to be looked at more closely at a +later date. It differs between i2c drivers and as such can be confusing. +To see which chip variants are supported you can look in the i2c driver code +for the i2c_device_id table. This lists all the possibilities. + struct video_device ------------------- @@ -396,6 +436,15 @@ You should also set these fields: - ioctl_ops: if you use the v4l2_ioctl_ops to simplify ioctl maintenance (highly recommended to use this and it might become compulsory in the future!), then set this to your v4l2_ioctl_ops struct. +- parent: you only set this if v4l2_device was registered with NULL as + the parent device struct. This only happens in cases where one hardware + device has multiple PCI devices that all share the same v4l2_device core. + + The cx88 driver is an example of this: one core v4l2_device struct, but + it is used by both an raw video PCI device (cx8800) and a MPEG PCI device + (cx8802). Since the v4l2_device cannot be associated with a particular + PCI device it is setup without a parent device. But when the struct + video_device is setup you do know which parent PCI device to use. If you use v4l2_ioctl_ops, then you should set either .unlocked_ioctl or .ioctl to video_ioctl2 in your v4l2_file_operations struct. @@ -499,8 +548,8 @@ There are a few useful helper functions: You can set/get driver private data in the video_device struct using: -void *video_get_drvdata(struct video_device *dev); -void video_set_drvdata(struct video_device *dev, void *data); +void *video_get_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev); +void video_set_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev, void *data); Note that you can safely call video_set_drvdata() before calling video_register_device(). @@ -519,3 +568,103 @@ void *video_drvdata(struct file *file); You can go from a video_device struct to the v4l2_device struct using: struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev = vdev->v4l2_dev; + +video buffer helper functions +----------------------------- + +The v4l2 core API provides a standard method for dealing with video +buffers. Those methods allow a driver to implement read(), mmap() and +overlay() on a consistent way. + +There are currently methods for using video buffers on devices that +supports DMA with scatter/gather method (videobuf-dma-sg), DMA with +linear access (videobuf-dma-contig), and vmalloced buffers, mostly +used on USB drivers (videobuf-vmalloc). + +Any driver using videobuf should provide operations (callbacks) for +four handlers: + +ops->buf_setup - calculates the size of the video buffers and avoid they + to waste more than some maximum limit of RAM; +ops->buf_prepare - fills the video buffer structs and calls + videobuf_iolock() to alloc and prepare mmaped memory; +ops->buf_queue - advices the driver that another buffer were + requested (by read() or by QBUF); +ops->buf_release - frees any buffer that were allocated. + +In order to use it, the driver need to have a code (generally called at +interrupt context) that will properly handle the buffer request lists, +announcing that a new buffer were filled. + +The irq handling code should handle the videobuf task lists, in order +to advice videobuf that a new frame were filled, in order to honor to a +request. The code is generally like this one: + if (list_empty(&dma_q->active)) + return; + + buf = list_entry(dma_q->active.next, struct vbuffer, vb.queue); + + if (!waitqueue_active(&buf->vb.done)) + return; + + /* Some logic to handle the buf may be needed here */ + + list_del(&buf->vb.queue); + do_gettimeofday(&buf->vb.ts); + wake_up(&buf->vb.done); + +Those are the videobuffer functions used on drivers, implemented on +videobuf-core: + +- Videobuf init functions + videobuf_queue_sg_init() + Initializes the videobuf infrastructure. This function should be + called before any other videobuf function on drivers that uses DMA + Scatter/Gather buffers. + + videobuf_queue_dma_contig_init + Initializes the videobuf infrastructure. This function should be + called before any other videobuf function on drivers that need DMA + contiguous buffers. + + videobuf_queue_vmalloc_init() + Initializes the videobuf infrastructure. This function should be + called before any other videobuf function on USB (and other drivers) + that need a vmalloced type of videobuf. + +- videobuf_iolock() + Prepares the videobuf memory for the proper method (read, mmap, overlay). + +- videobuf_queue_is_busy() + Checks if a videobuf is streaming. + +- videobuf_queue_cancel() + Stops video handling. + +- videobuf_mmap_free() + frees mmap buffers. + +- videobuf_stop() + Stops video handling, ends mmap and frees mmap and other buffers. + +- V4L2 api functions. Those functions correspond to VIDIOC_foo ioctls: + videobuf_reqbufs(), videobuf_querybuf(), videobuf_qbuf(), + videobuf_dqbuf(), videobuf_streamon(), videobuf_streamoff(). + +- V4L1 api function (corresponds to VIDIOCMBUF ioctl): + videobuf_cgmbuf() + This function is used to provide backward compatibility with V4L1 + API. + +- Some help functions for read()/poll() operations: + videobuf_read_stream() + For continuous stream read() + videobuf_read_one() + For snapshot read() + videobuf_poll_stream() + polling help function + +The better way to understand it is to take a look at vivi driver. One +of the main reasons for vivi is to be a videobuf usage example. the +vivi_thread_tick() does the task that the IRQ callback would do on PCI +drivers (or the irq callback on USB). |