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Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/md/raid5.h')
| -rw-r--r-- | drivers/md/raid5.h | 474 |
1 files changed, 474 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/md/raid5.h b/drivers/md/raid5.h new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..52ba99954de --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/md/raid5.h @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ +#ifndef _RAID5_H +#define _RAID5_H + +#include <linux/raid/xor.h> + +/* + * + * Each stripe contains one buffer per disc. Each buffer can be in + * one of a number of states stored in "flags". Changes between + * these states happen *almost* exclusively under a per-stripe + * spinlock. Some very specific changes can happen in bi_end_io, and + * these are not protected by the spin lock. + * + * The flag bits that are used to represent these states are: + * R5_UPTODATE and R5_LOCKED + * + * State Empty == !UPTODATE, !LOCK + * We have no data, and there is no active request + * State Want == !UPTODATE, LOCK + * A read request is being submitted for this block + * State Dirty == UPTODATE, LOCK + * Some new data is in this buffer, and it is being written out + * State Clean == UPTODATE, !LOCK + * We have valid data which is the same as on disc + * + * The possible state transitions are: + * + * Empty -> Want - on read or write to get old data for parity calc + * Empty -> Dirty - on compute_parity to satisfy write/sync request.(RECONSTRUCT_WRITE) + * Empty -> Clean - on compute_block when computing a block for failed drive + * Want -> Empty - on failed read + * Want -> Clean - on successful completion of read request + * Dirty -> Clean - on successful completion of write request + * Dirty -> Clean - on failed write + * Clean -> Dirty - on compute_parity to satisfy write/sync (RECONSTRUCT or RMW) + * + * The Want->Empty, Want->Clean, Dirty->Clean, transitions + * all happen in b_end_io at interrupt time. + * Each sets the Uptodate bit before releasing the Lock bit. + * This leaves one multi-stage transition: + * Want->Dirty->Clean + * This is safe because thinking that a Clean buffer is actually dirty + * will at worst delay some action, and the stripe will be scheduled + * for attention after the transition is complete. + * + * There is one possibility that is not covered by these states. That + * is if one drive has failed and there is a spare being rebuilt. We + * can't distinguish between a clean block that has been generated + * from parity calculations, and a clean block that has been + * successfully written to the spare ( or to parity when resyncing). + * To distingush these states we have a stripe bit STRIPE_INSYNC that + * is set whenever a write is scheduled to the spare, or to the parity + * disc if there is no spare. A sync request clears this bit, and + * when we find it set with no buffers locked, we know the sync is + * complete. + * + * Buffers for the md device that arrive via make_request are attached + * to the appropriate stripe in one of two lists linked on b_reqnext. + * One list (bh_read) for read requests, one (bh_write) for write. + * There should never be more than one buffer on the two lists + * together, but we are not guaranteed of that so we allow for more. + * + * If a buffer is on the read list when the associated cache buffer is + * Uptodate, the data is copied into the read buffer and it's b_end_io + * routine is called. This may happen in the end_request routine only + * if the buffer has just successfully been read. end_request should + * remove the buffers from the list and then set the Uptodate bit on + * the buffer. Other threads may do this only if they first check + * that the Uptodate bit is set. Once they have checked that they may + * take buffers off the read queue. + * + * When a buffer on the write list is committed for write it is copied + * into the cache buffer, which is then marked dirty, and moved onto a + * third list, the written list (bh_written). Once both the parity + * block and the cached buffer are successfully written, any buffer on + * a written list can be returned with b_end_io. + * + * The write list and read list both act as fifos. The read list is + * protected by the device_lock. The write and written lists are + * protected by the stripe lock. The device_lock, which can be + * claimed while the stipe lock is held, is only for list + * manipulations and will only be held for a very short time. It can + * be claimed from interrupts. + * + * + * Stripes in the stripe cache can be on one of two lists (or on + * neither). The "inactive_list" contains stripes which are not + * currently being used for any request. They can freely be reused + * for another stripe. The "handle_list" contains stripes that need + * to be handled in some way. Both of these are fifo queues. Each + * stripe is also (potentially) linked to a hash bucket in the hash + * table so that it can be found by sector number. Stripes that are + * not hashed must be on the inactive_list, and will normally be at + * the front. All stripes start life this way. + * + * The inactive_list, handle_list and hash bucket lists are all protected by the + * device_lock. + * - stripes on the inactive_list never have their stripe_lock held. + * - stripes have a reference counter. If count==0, they are on a list. + * - If a stripe might need handling, STRIPE_HANDLE is set. + * - When refcount reaches zero, then if STRIPE_HANDLE it is put on + * handle_list else inactive_list + * + * This, combined with the fact that STRIPE_HANDLE is only ever + * cleared while a stripe has a non-zero count means that if the + * refcount is 0 and STRIPE_HANDLE is set, then it is on the + * handle_list and if recount is 0 and STRIPE_HANDLE is not set, then + * the stripe is on inactive_list. + * + * The possible transitions are: + * activate an unhashed/inactive stripe (get_active_stripe()) + * lockdev check-hash unlink-stripe cnt++ clean-stripe hash-stripe unlockdev + * activate a hashed, possibly active stripe (get_active_stripe()) + * lockdev check-hash if(!cnt++)unlink-stripe unlockdev + * attach a request to an active stripe (add_stripe_bh()) + * lockdev attach-buffer unlockdev + * handle a stripe (handle_stripe()) + * lockstripe clrSTRIPE_HANDLE ... + * (lockdev check-buffers unlockdev) .. + * change-state .. + * record io/ops needed unlockstripe schedule io/ops + * release an active stripe (release_stripe()) + * lockdev if (!--cnt) { if STRIPE_HANDLE, add to handle_list else add to inactive-list } unlockdev + * + * The refcount counts each thread that have activated the stripe, + * plus raid5d if it is handling it, plus one for each active request + * on a cached buffer, and plus one if the stripe is undergoing stripe + * operations. + * + * Stripe operations are performed outside the stripe lock, + * the stripe operations are: + * -copying data between the stripe cache and user application buffers + * -computing blocks to save a disk access, or to recover a missing block + * -updating the parity on a write operation (reconstruct write and + * read-modify-write) + * -checking parity correctness + * -running i/o to disk + * These operations are carried out by raid5_run_ops which uses the async_tx + * api to (optionally) offload operations to dedicated hardware engines. + * When requesting an operation handle_stripe sets the pending bit for the + * operation and increments the count. raid5_run_ops is then run whenever + * the count is non-zero. + * There are some critical dependencies between the operations that prevent some + * from being requested while another is in flight. + * 1/ Parity check operations destroy the in cache version of the parity block, + * so we prevent parity dependent operations like writes and compute_blocks + * from starting while a check is in progress. Some dma engines can perform + * the check without damaging the parity block, in these cases the parity + * block is re-marked up to date (assuming the check was successful) and is + * not re-read from disk. + * 2/ When a write operation is requested we immediately lock the affected + * blocks, and mark them as not up to date. This causes new read requests + * to be held off, as well as parity checks and compute block operations. + * 3/ Once a compute block operation has been requested handle_stripe treats + * that block as if it is up to date. raid5_run_ops guaruntees that any + * operation that is dependent on the compute block result is initiated after + * the compute block completes. + */ + +/* + * Operations state - intermediate states that are visible outside of sh->lock + * In general _idle indicates nothing is running, _run indicates a data + * processing operation is active, and _result means the data processing result + * is stable and can be acted upon. For simple operations like biofill and + * compute that only have an _idle and _run state they are indicated with + * sh->state flags (STRIPE_BIOFILL_RUN and STRIPE_COMPUTE_RUN) + */ +/** + * enum check_states - handles syncing / repairing a stripe + * @check_state_idle - check operations are quiesced + * @check_state_run - check operation is running + * @check_state_result - set outside lock when check result is valid + * @check_state_compute_run - check failed and we are repairing + * @check_state_compute_result - set outside lock when compute result is valid + */ +enum check_states { + check_state_idle = 0, + check_state_run, /* parity check */ + check_state_check_result, + check_state_compute_run, /* parity repair */ + check_state_compute_result, +}; + +/** + * enum reconstruct_states - handles writing or expanding a stripe + */ +enum reconstruct_states { + reconstruct_state_idle = 0, + reconstruct_state_prexor_drain_run, /* prexor-write */ + reconstruct_state_drain_run, /* write */ + reconstruct_state_run, /* expand */ + reconstruct_state_prexor_drain_result, + reconstruct_state_drain_result, + reconstruct_state_result, +}; + +struct stripe_head { + struct hlist_node hash; + struct list_head lru; /* inactive_list or handle_list */ + struct raid5_private_data *raid_conf; + short generation; /* increments with every + * reshape */ + sector_t sector; /* sector of this row */ + short pd_idx; /* parity disk index */ + short qd_idx; /* 'Q' disk index for raid6 */ + short ddf_layout;/* use DDF ordering to calculate Q */ + unsigned long state; /* state flags */ + atomic_t count; /* nr of active thread/requests */ + spinlock_t lock; + int bm_seq; /* sequence number for bitmap flushes */ + int disks; /* disks in stripe */ + enum check_states check_state; + enum reconstruct_states reconstruct_state; + /* stripe_operations + * @target - STRIPE_OP_COMPUTE_BLK target + */ + struct stripe_operations { + int target; + u32 zero_sum_result; + } ops; + struct r5dev { + struct bio req; + struct bio_vec vec; + struct page *page; + struct bio *toread, *read, *towrite, *written; + sector_t sector; /* sector of this page */ + unsigned long flags; + } dev[1]; /* allocated with extra space depending of RAID geometry */ +}; + +/* stripe_head_state - collects and tracks the dynamic state of a stripe_head + * for handle_stripe. It is only valid under spin_lock(sh->lock); + */ +struct stripe_head_state { + int syncing, expanding, expanded; + int locked, uptodate, to_read, to_write, failed, written; + int to_fill, compute, req_compute, non_overwrite; + int failed_num; + unsigned long ops_request; +}; + +/* r6_state - extra state data only relevant to r6 */ +struct r6_state { + int p_failed, q_failed, failed_num[2]; +}; + +/* Flags */ +#define R5_UPTODATE 0 /* page contains current data */ +#define R5_LOCKED 1 /* IO has been submitted on "req" */ +#define R5_OVERWRITE 2 /* towrite covers whole page */ +/* and some that are internal to handle_stripe */ +#define R5_Insync 3 /* rdev && rdev->in_sync at start */ +#define R5_Wantread 4 /* want to schedule a read */ +#define R5_Wantwrite 5 +#define R5_Overlap 7 /* There is a pending overlapping request on this block */ +#define R5_ReadError 8 /* seen a read error here recently */ +#define R5_ReWrite 9 /* have tried to over-write the readerror */ + +#define R5_Expanded 10 /* This block now has post-expand data */ +#define R5_Wantcompute 11 /* compute_block in progress treat as + * uptodate + */ +#define R5_Wantfill 12 /* dev->toread contains a bio that needs + * filling + */ +#define R5_Wantdrain 13 /* dev->towrite needs to be drained */ +/* + * Write method + */ +#define RECONSTRUCT_WRITE 1 +#define READ_MODIFY_WRITE 2 +/* not a write method, but a compute_parity mode */ +#define CHECK_PARITY 3 +/* Additional compute_parity mode -- updates the parity w/o LOCKING */ +#define UPDATE_PARITY 4 + +/* + * Stripe state + */ +#define STRIPE_HANDLE 2 +#define STRIPE_SYNCING 3 +#define STRIPE_INSYNC 4 +#define STRIPE_PREREAD_ACTIVE 5 +#define STRIPE_DELAYED 6 +#define STRIPE_DEGRADED 7 +#define STRIPE_BIT_DELAY 8 +#define STRIPE_EXPANDING 9 +#define STRIPE_EXPAND_SOURCE 10 +#define STRIPE_EXPAND_READY 11 +#define STRIPE_IO_STARTED 12 /* do not count towards 'bypass_count' */ +#define STRIPE_FULL_WRITE 13 /* all blocks are set to be overwritten */ +#define STRIPE_BIOFILL_RUN 14 +#define STRIPE_COMPUTE_RUN 15 +/* + * Operation request flags + */ +#define STRIPE_OP_BIOFILL 0 +#define STRIPE_OP_COMPUTE_BLK 1 +#define STRIPE_OP_PREXOR 2 +#define STRIPE_OP_BIODRAIN 3 +#define STRIPE_OP_POSTXOR 4 +#define STRIPE_OP_CHECK 5 + +/* + * Plugging: + * + * To improve write throughput, we need to delay the handling of some + * stripes until there has been a chance that several write requests + * for the one stripe have all been collected. + * In particular, any write request that would require pre-reading + * is put on a "delayed" queue until there are no stripes currently + * in a pre-read phase. Further, if the "delayed" queue is empty when + * a stripe is put on it then we "plug" the queue and do not process it + * until an unplug call is made. (the unplug_io_fn() is called). + * + * When preread is initiated on a stripe, we set PREREAD_ACTIVE and add + * it to the count of prereading stripes. + * When write is initiated, or the stripe refcnt == 0 (just in case) we + * clear the PREREAD_ACTIVE flag and decrement the count + * Whenever the 'handle' queue is empty and the device is not plugged, we + * move any strips from delayed to handle and clear the DELAYED flag and set + * PREREAD_ACTIVE. + * In stripe_handle, if we find pre-reading is necessary, we do it if + * PREREAD_ACTIVE is set, else we set DELAYED which will send it to the delayed queue. + * HANDLE gets cleared if stripe_handle leave nothing locked. + */ + + +struct disk_info { + mdk_rdev_t *rdev; +}; + +struct raid5_private_data { + struct hlist_head *stripe_hashtbl; + mddev_t *mddev; + struct disk_info *spare; + int chunk_size, level, algorithm; + int max_degraded; + int raid_disks; + int max_nr_stripes; + + /* reshape_progress is the leading edge of a 'reshape' + * It has value MaxSector when no reshape is happening + * If delta_disks < 0, it is the last sector we started work on, + * else is it the next sector to work on. + */ + sector_t reshape_progress; + /* reshape_safe is the trailing edge of a reshape. We know that + * before (or after) this address, all reshape has completed. + */ + sector_t reshape_safe; + int previous_raid_disks; + int prev_chunk, prev_algo; + short generation; /* increments with every reshape */ + unsigned long reshape_checkpoint; /* Time we last updated + * metadata */ + + struct list_head handle_list; /* stripes needing handling */ + struct list_head hold_list; /* preread ready stripes */ + struct list_head delayed_list; /* stripes that have plugged requests */ + struct list_head bitmap_list; /* stripes delaying awaiting bitmap update */ + struct bio *retry_read_aligned; /* currently retrying aligned bios */ + struct bio *retry_read_aligned_list; /* aligned bios retry list */ + atomic_t preread_active_stripes; /* stripes with scheduled io */ + atomic_t active_aligned_reads; + atomic_t pending_full_writes; /* full write backlog */ + int bypass_count; /* bypassed prereads */ + int bypass_threshold; /* preread nice */ + struct list_head *last_hold; /* detect hold_list promotions */ + + atomic_t reshape_stripes; /* stripes with pending writes for reshape */ + /* unfortunately we need two cache names as we temporarily have + * two caches. + */ + int active_name; + char cache_name[2][20]; + struct kmem_cache *slab_cache; /* for allocating stripes */ + + int seq_flush, seq_write; + int quiesce; + + int fullsync; /* set to 1 if a full sync is needed, + * (fresh device added). + * Cleared when a sync completes. + */ + + struct page *spare_page; /* Used when checking P/Q in raid6 */ + + /* + * Free stripes pool + */ + atomic_t active_stripes; + struct list_head inactive_list; + wait_queue_head_t wait_for_stripe; + wait_queue_head_t wait_for_overlap; + int inactive_blocked; /* release of inactive stripes blocked, + * waiting for 25% to be free + */ + int pool_size; /* number of disks in stripeheads in pool */ + spinlock_t device_lock; + struct disk_info *disks; + + /* When taking over an array from a different personality, we store + * the new thread here until we fully activate the array. + */ + struct mdk_thread_s *thread; +}; + +typedef struct raid5_private_data raid5_conf_t; + +#define mddev_to_conf(mddev) ((raid5_conf_t *) mddev->private) + +/* + * Our supported algorithms + */ +#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC 0 /* Rotating Parity N with Data Restart */ +#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC 1 /* Rotating Parity 0 with Data Restart */ +#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC 2 /* Rotating Parity N with Data Continuation */ +#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC 3 /* Rotating Parity 0 with Data Continuation */ + +/* Define non-rotating (raid4) algorithms. These allow + * conversion of raid4 to raid5. + */ +#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_0 4 /* P or P,Q are initial devices */ +#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_N 5 /* P or P,Q are final devices. */ + +/* DDF RAID6 layouts differ from md/raid6 layouts in two ways. + * Firstly, the exact positioning of the parity block is slightly + * different between the 'LEFT_*' modes of md and the "_N_*" modes + * of DDF. + * Secondly, or order of datablocks over which the Q syndrome is computed + * is different. + * Consequently we have different layouts for DDF/raid6 than md/raid6. + * These layouts are from the DDFv1.2 spec. + * Interestingly DDFv1.2-Errata-A does not specify N_CONTINUE but + * leaves RLQ=3 as 'Vendor Specific' + */ + +#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_ZERO_RESTART 8 /* DDF PRL=6 RLQ=1 */ +#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_RESTART 9 /* DDF PRL=6 RLQ=2 */ +#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_CONTINUE 10 /*DDF PRL=6 RLQ=3 */ + + +/* For every RAID5 algorithm we define a RAID6 algorithm + * with exactly the same layout for data and parity, and + * with the Q block always on the last device (N-1). + * This allows trivial conversion from RAID5 to RAID6 + */ +#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC_6 16 +#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC_6 17 +#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC_6 18 +#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC_6 19 +#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_0_6 20 +#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_N_6 ALGORITHM_PARITY_N + +static inline int algorithm_valid_raid5(int layout) +{ + return (layout >= 0) && + (layout <= 5); +} +static inline int algorithm_valid_raid6(int layout) +{ + return (layout >= 0 && layout <= 5) + || + (layout == 8 || layout == 10) + || + (layout >= 16 && layout <= 20); +} + +static inline int algorithm_is_DDF(int layout) +{ + return layout >= 8 && layout <= 10; +} +#endif |