summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/drivers/xen
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/xen')
-rw-r--r--drivers/xen/cpu_hotplug.c4
-rw-r--r--drivers/xen/gntdev.c130
-rw-r--r--drivers/xen/grant-table.c48
-rw-r--r--drivers/xen/privcmd.c89
-rw-r--r--drivers/xen/xen-pciback/pciback.h2
5 files changed, 167 insertions, 106 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/xen/cpu_hotplug.c b/drivers/xen/cpu_hotplug.c
index 4dcfced107f..084041d42c9 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/cpu_hotplug.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/cpu_hotplug.c
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ static void disable_hotplug_cpu(int cpu)
static int vcpu_online(unsigned int cpu)
{
int err;
- char dir[32], state[32];
+ char dir[16], state[16];
sprintf(dir, "cpu/%u", cpu);
- err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dir, "availability", "%s", state);
+ err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dir, "availability", "%15s", state);
if (err != 1) {
if (!xen_initial_domain())
printk(KERN_ERR "XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state\n");
diff --git a/drivers/xen/gntdev.c b/drivers/xen/gntdev.c
index 2e22df2f7a3..3c8803feba2 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/gntdev.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/gntdev.c
@@ -56,10 +56,15 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(limit, "Maximum number of grants that may be mapped by "
static atomic_t pages_mapped = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
static int use_ptemod;
+#define populate_freeable_maps use_ptemod
struct gntdev_priv {
+ /* maps with visible offsets in the file descriptor */
struct list_head maps;
- /* lock protects maps from concurrent changes */
+ /* maps that are not visible; will be freed on munmap.
+ * Only populated if populate_freeable_maps == 1 */
+ struct list_head freeable_maps;
+ /* lock protects maps and freeable_maps */
spinlock_t lock;
struct mm_struct *mm;
struct mmu_notifier mn;
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ static struct grant_map *gntdev_find_map_index(struct gntdev_priv *priv,
return NULL;
}
-static void gntdev_put_map(struct grant_map *map)
+static void gntdev_put_map(struct gntdev_priv *priv, struct grant_map *map)
{
if (!map)
return;
@@ -208,6 +213,12 @@ static void gntdev_put_map(struct grant_map *map)
evtchn_put(map->notify.event);
}
+ if (populate_freeable_maps && priv) {
+ spin_lock(&priv->lock);
+ list_del(&map->next);
+ spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
+ }
+
if (map->pages && !use_ptemod)
unmap_grant_pages(map, 0, map->count);
gntdev_free_map(map);
@@ -301,17 +312,10 @@ static int __unmap_grant_pages(struct grant_map *map, int offset, int pages)
if (map->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
int pgno = (map->notify.addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
- if (pgno >= offset && pgno < offset + pages && use_ptemod) {
- void __user *tmp = (void __user *)
- map->vma->vm_start + map->notify.addr;
- err = copy_to_user(tmp, &err, 1);
- if (err)
- return -EFAULT;
- map->notify.flags &= ~UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE;
- } else if (pgno >= offset && pgno < offset + pages) {
- uint8_t *tmp = kmap(map->pages[pgno]);
+ if (pgno >= offset && pgno < offset + pages) {
+ /* No need for kmap, pages are in lowmem */
+ uint8_t *tmp = pfn_to_kaddr(page_to_pfn(map->pages[pgno]));
tmp[map->notify.addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1)] = 0;
- kunmap(map->pages[pgno]);
map->notify.flags &= ~UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE;
}
}
@@ -376,11 +380,24 @@ static void gntdev_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
static void gntdev_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct grant_map *map = vma->vm_private_data;
+ struct file *file = vma->vm_file;
+ struct gntdev_priv *priv = file->private_data;
pr_debug("gntdev_vma_close %p\n", vma);
- map->vma = NULL;
+ if (use_ptemod) {
+ /* It is possible that an mmu notifier could be running
+ * concurrently, so take priv->lock to ensure that the vma won't
+ * vanishing during the unmap_grant_pages call, since we will
+ * spin here until that completes. Such a concurrent call will
+ * not do any unmapping, since that has been done prior to
+ * closing the vma, but it may still iterate the unmap_ops list.
+ */
+ spin_lock(&priv->lock);
+ map->vma = NULL;
+ spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
+ }
vma->vm_private_data = NULL;
- gntdev_put_map(map);
+ gntdev_put_map(priv, map);
}
static struct vm_operations_struct gntdev_vmops = {
@@ -390,33 +407,43 @@ static struct vm_operations_struct gntdev_vmops = {
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static void unmap_if_in_range(struct grant_map *map,
+ unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+{
+ unsigned long mstart, mend;
+ int err;
+
+ if (!map->vma)
+ return;
+ if (map->vma->vm_start >= end)
+ return;
+ if (map->vma->vm_end <= start)
+ return;
+ mstart = max(start, map->vma->vm_start);
+ mend = min(end, map->vma->vm_end);
+ pr_debug("map %d+%d (%lx %lx), range %lx %lx, mrange %lx %lx\n",
+ map->index, map->count,
+ map->vma->vm_start, map->vma->vm_end,
+ start, end, mstart, mend);
+ err = unmap_grant_pages(map,
+ (mstart - map->vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+ (mend - mstart) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+ WARN_ON(err);
+}
+
static void mn_invl_range_start(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
struct gntdev_priv *priv = container_of(mn, struct gntdev_priv, mn);
struct grant_map *map;
- unsigned long mstart, mend;
- int err;
spin_lock(&priv->lock);
list_for_each_entry(map, &priv->maps, next) {
- if (!map->vma)
- continue;
- if (map->vma->vm_start >= end)
- continue;
- if (map->vma->vm_end <= start)
- continue;
- mstart = max(start, map->vma->vm_start);
- mend = min(end, map->vma->vm_end);
- pr_debug("map %d+%d (%lx %lx), range %lx %lx, mrange %lx %lx\n",
- map->index, map->count,
- map->vma->vm_start, map->vma->vm_end,
- start, end, mstart, mend);
- err = unmap_grant_pages(map,
- (mstart - map->vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
- (mend - mstart) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
- WARN_ON(err);
+ unmap_if_in_range(map, start, end);
+ }
+ list_for_each_entry(map, &priv->freeable_maps, next) {
+ unmap_if_in_range(map, start, end);
}
spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
}
@@ -445,6 +472,15 @@ static void mn_release(struct mmu_notifier *mn,
err = unmap_grant_pages(map, /* offset */ 0, map->count);
WARN_ON(err);
}
+ list_for_each_entry(map, &priv->freeable_maps, next) {
+ if (!map->vma)
+ continue;
+ pr_debug("map %d+%d (%lx %lx)\n",
+ map->index, map->count,
+ map->vma->vm_start, map->vma->vm_end);
+ err = unmap_grant_pages(map, /* offset */ 0, map->count);
+ WARN_ON(err);
+ }
spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
}
@@ -466,6 +502,7 @@ static int gntdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *flip)
return -ENOMEM;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->maps);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->freeable_maps);
spin_lock_init(&priv->lock);
if (use_ptemod) {
@@ -500,8 +537,9 @@ static int gntdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *flip)
while (!list_empty(&priv->maps)) {
map = list_entry(priv->maps.next, struct grant_map, next);
list_del(&map->next);
- gntdev_put_map(map);
+ gntdev_put_map(NULL /* already removed */, map);
}
+ WARN_ON(!list_empty(&priv->freeable_maps));
if (use_ptemod)
mmu_notifier_unregister(&priv->mn, priv->mm);
@@ -529,14 +567,14 @@ static long gntdev_ioctl_map_grant_ref(struct gntdev_priv *priv,
if (unlikely(atomic_add_return(op.count, &pages_mapped) > limit)) {
pr_debug("can't map: over limit\n");
- gntdev_put_map(map);
+ gntdev_put_map(NULL, map);
return err;
}
if (copy_from_user(map->grants, &u->refs,
sizeof(map->grants[0]) * op.count) != 0) {
- gntdev_put_map(map);
- return err;
+ gntdev_put_map(NULL, map);
+ return -EFAULT;
}
spin_lock(&priv->lock);
@@ -565,11 +603,13 @@ static long gntdev_ioctl_unmap_grant_ref(struct gntdev_priv *priv,
map = gntdev_find_map_index(priv, op.index >> PAGE_SHIFT, op.count);
if (map) {
list_del(&map->next);
+ if (populate_freeable_maps)
+ list_add_tail(&map->next, &priv->freeable_maps);
err = 0;
}
spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
if (map)
- gntdev_put_map(map);
+ gntdev_put_map(priv, map);
return err;
}
@@ -579,25 +619,31 @@ static long gntdev_ioctl_get_offset_for_vaddr(struct gntdev_priv *priv,
struct ioctl_gntdev_get_offset_for_vaddr op;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
struct grant_map *map;
+ int rv = -EINVAL;
if (copy_from_user(&op, u, sizeof(op)) != 0)
return -EFAULT;
pr_debug("priv %p, offset for vaddr %lx\n", priv, (unsigned long)op.vaddr);
+ down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
vma = find_vma(current->mm, op.vaddr);
if (!vma || vma->vm_ops != &gntdev_vmops)
- return -EINVAL;
+ goto out_unlock;
map = vma->vm_private_data;
if (!map)
- return -EINVAL;
+ goto out_unlock;
op.offset = map->index << PAGE_SHIFT;
op.count = map->count;
+ rv = 0;
- if (copy_to_user(u, &op, sizeof(op)) != 0)
+ out_unlock:
+ up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
+
+ if (rv == 0 && copy_to_user(u, &op, sizeof(op)) != 0)
return -EFAULT;
- return 0;
+ return rv;
}
static long gntdev_ioctl_notify(struct gntdev_priv *priv, void __user *u)
@@ -778,7 +824,7 @@ out_unlock_put:
out_put_map:
if (use_ptemod)
map->vma = NULL;
- gntdev_put_map(map);
+ gntdev_put_map(priv, map);
return err;
}
diff --git a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
index 7038de53652..157c0ccda3e 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/grant-table.c
@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@
/* External tools reserve first few grant table entries. */
#define NR_RESERVED_ENTRIES 8
#define GNTTAB_LIST_END 0xffffffff
-#define GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME \
-(grant_table_version == 1 ? \
-(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct grant_entry_v1)) : \
-(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(union grant_entry_v2)))
static grant_ref_t **gnttab_list;
static unsigned int nr_grant_frames;
@@ -154,6 +150,7 @@ static struct gnttab_ops *gnttab_interface;
static grant_status_t *grstatus;
static int grant_table_version;
+static int grefs_per_grant_frame;
static struct gnttab_free_callback *gnttab_free_callback_list;
@@ -767,12 +764,14 @@ static int grow_gnttab_list(unsigned int more_frames)
unsigned int new_nr_grant_frames, extra_entries, i;
unsigned int nr_glist_frames, new_nr_glist_frames;
+ BUG_ON(grefs_per_grant_frame == 0);
+
new_nr_grant_frames = nr_grant_frames + more_frames;
- extra_entries = more_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME;
+ extra_entries = more_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame;
- nr_glist_frames = (nr_grant_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME + RPP - 1) / RPP;
+ nr_glist_frames = (nr_grant_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame + RPP - 1) / RPP;
new_nr_glist_frames =
- (new_nr_grant_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME + RPP - 1) / RPP;
+ (new_nr_grant_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame + RPP - 1) / RPP;
for (i = nr_glist_frames; i < new_nr_glist_frames; i++) {
gnttab_list[i] = (grant_ref_t *)__get_free_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!gnttab_list[i])
@@ -780,12 +779,12 @@ static int grow_gnttab_list(unsigned int more_frames)
}
- for (i = GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME * nr_grant_frames;
- i < GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME * new_nr_grant_frames - 1; i++)
+ for (i = grefs_per_grant_frame * nr_grant_frames;
+ i < grefs_per_grant_frame * new_nr_grant_frames - 1; i++)
gnttab_entry(i) = i + 1;
gnttab_entry(i) = gnttab_free_head;
- gnttab_free_head = GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME * nr_grant_frames;
+ gnttab_free_head = grefs_per_grant_frame * nr_grant_frames;
gnttab_free_count += extra_entries;
nr_grant_frames = new_nr_grant_frames;
@@ -957,7 +956,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gnttab_unmap_refs);
static unsigned nr_status_frames(unsigned nr_grant_frames)
{
- return (nr_grant_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME + SPP - 1) / SPP;
+ BUG_ON(grefs_per_grant_frame == 0);
+ return (nr_grant_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame + SPP - 1) / SPP;
}
static int gnttab_map_frames_v1(xen_pfn_t *frames, unsigned int nr_gframes)
@@ -1115,6 +1115,7 @@ static void gnttab_request_version(void)
rc = HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_set_version, &gsv, 1);
if (rc == 0 && gsv.version == 2) {
grant_table_version = 2;
+ grefs_per_grant_frame = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(union grant_entry_v2);
gnttab_interface = &gnttab_v2_ops;
} else if (grant_table_version == 2) {
/*
@@ -1127,17 +1128,17 @@ static void gnttab_request_version(void)
panic("we need grant tables version 2, but only version 1 is available");
} else {
grant_table_version = 1;
+ grefs_per_grant_frame = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct grant_entry_v1);
gnttab_interface = &gnttab_v1_ops;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "Grant tables using version %d layout.\n",
grant_table_version);
}
-int gnttab_resume(void)
+static int gnttab_setup(void)
{
unsigned int max_nr_gframes;
- gnttab_request_version();
max_nr_gframes = gnttab_max_grant_frames();
if (max_nr_gframes < nr_grant_frames)
return -ENOSYS;
@@ -1160,6 +1161,12 @@ int gnttab_resume(void)
return 0;
}
+int gnttab_resume(void)
+{
+ gnttab_request_version();
+ return gnttab_setup();
+}
+
int gnttab_suspend(void)
{
gnttab_interface->unmap_frames();
@@ -1171,9 +1178,10 @@ static int gnttab_expand(unsigned int req_entries)
int rc;
unsigned int cur, extra;
+ BUG_ON(grefs_per_grant_frame == 0);
cur = nr_grant_frames;
- extra = ((req_entries + (GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME-1)) /
- GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME);
+ extra = ((req_entries + (grefs_per_grant_frame-1)) /
+ grefs_per_grant_frame);
if (cur + extra > gnttab_max_grant_frames())
return -ENOSPC;
@@ -1191,21 +1199,23 @@ int gnttab_init(void)
unsigned int nr_init_grefs;
int ret;
+ gnttab_request_version();
nr_grant_frames = 1;
boot_max_nr_grant_frames = __max_nr_grant_frames();
/* Determine the maximum number of frames required for the
* grant reference free list on the current hypervisor.
*/
+ BUG_ON(grefs_per_grant_frame == 0);
max_nr_glist_frames = (boot_max_nr_grant_frames *
- GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME / RPP);
+ grefs_per_grant_frame / RPP);
gnttab_list = kmalloc(max_nr_glist_frames * sizeof(grant_ref_t *),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (gnttab_list == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
- nr_glist_frames = (nr_grant_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME + RPP - 1) / RPP;
+ nr_glist_frames = (nr_grant_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame + RPP - 1) / RPP;
for (i = 0; i < nr_glist_frames; i++) {
gnttab_list[i] = (grant_ref_t *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (gnttab_list[i] == NULL) {
@@ -1214,12 +1224,12 @@ int gnttab_init(void)
}
}
- if (gnttab_resume() < 0) {
+ if (gnttab_setup() < 0) {
ret = -ENODEV;
goto ini_nomem;
}
- nr_init_grefs = nr_grant_frames * GREFS_PER_GRANT_FRAME;
+ nr_init_grefs = nr_grant_frames * grefs_per_grant_frame;
for (i = NR_RESERVED_ENTRIES; i < nr_init_grefs - 1; i++)
gnttab_entry(i) = i + 1;
diff --git a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
index 0bbbccbb1f1..ca2b00e9d55 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
@@ -199,9 +199,6 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap(void __user *udata)
LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
struct mmap_mfn_state state;
- if (!xen_initial_domain())
- return -EPERM;
-
/* We only support privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch for auto translated. */
if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
return -ENOSYS;
@@ -261,11 +258,12 @@ struct mmap_batch_state {
* -ENOENT if at least 1 -ENOENT has happened.
*/
int global_error;
- /* An array for individual errors */
- int *err;
+ int version;
/* User-space mfn array to store errors in the second pass for V1. */
xen_pfn_t __user *user_mfn;
+ /* User-space int array to store errors in the second pass for V2. */
+ int __user *user_err;
};
/* auto translated dom0 note: if domU being created is PV, then mfn is
@@ -288,7 +286,19 @@ static int mmap_batch_fn(void *data, void *state)
&cur_page);
/* Store error code for second pass. */
- *(st->err++) = ret;
+ if (st->version == 1) {
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ /*
+ * V1 encodes the error codes in the 32bit top nibble of the
+ * mfn (with its known limitations vis-a-vis 64 bit callers).
+ */
+ *mfnp |= (ret == -ENOENT) ?
+ PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_PAGED_ERROR :
+ PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_MFN_ERROR;
+ }
+ } else { /* st->version == 2 */
+ *((int *) mfnp) = ret;
+ }
/* And see if it affects the global_error. */
if (ret < 0) {
@@ -305,20 +315,25 @@ static int mmap_batch_fn(void *data, void *state)
return 0;
}
-static int mmap_return_errors_v1(void *data, void *state)
+static int mmap_return_errors(void *data, void *state)
{
- xen_pfn_t *mfnp = data;
struct mmap_batch_state *st = state;
- int err = *(st->err++);
- /*
- * V1 encodes the error codes in the 32bit top nibble of the
- * mfn (with its known limitations vis-a-vis 64 bit callers).
- */
- *mfnp |= (err == -ENOENT) ?
- PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_PAGED_ERROR :
- PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_MFN_ERROR;
- return __put_user(*mfnp, st->user_mfn++);
+ if (st->version == 1) {
+ xen_pfn_t mfnp = *((xen_pfn_t *) data);
+ if (mfnp & PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_MFN_ERROR)
+ return __put_user(mfnp, st->user_mfn++);
+ else
+ st->user_mfn++;
+ } else { /* st->version == 2 */
+ int err = *((int *) data);
+ if (err)
+ return __put_user(err, st->user_err++);
+ else
+ st->user_err++;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
}
/* Allocate pfns that are then mapped with gmfns from foreign domid. Update
@@ -357,12 +372,8 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch(void __user *udata, int version)
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
unsigned long nr_pages;
LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
- int *err_array = NULL;
struct mmap_batch_state state;
- if (!xen_initial_domain())
- return -EPERM;
-
switch (version) {
case 1:
if (copy_from_user(&m, udata, sizeof(struct privcmd_mmapbatch)))
@@ -396,10 +407,12 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch(void __user *udata, int version)
goto out;
}
- err_array = kcalloc(m.num, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (err_array == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto out;
+ if (version == 2) {
+ /* Zero error array now to only copy back actual errors. */
+ if (clear_user(m.err, sizeof(int) * m.num)) {
+ ret = -EFAULT;
+ goto out;
+ }
}
down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
@@ -427,7 +440,7 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch(void __user *udata, int version)
state.va = m.addr;
state.index = 0;
state.global_error = 0;
- state.err = err_array;
+ state.version = version;
/* mmap_batch_fn guarantees ret == 0 */
BUG_ON(traverse_pages(m.num, sizeof(xen_pfn_t),
@@ -435,21 +448,14 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch(void __user *udata, int version)
up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
- if (version == 1) {
- if (state.global_error) {
- /* Write back errors in second pass. */
- state.user_mfn = (xen_pfn_t *)m.arr;
- state.err = err_array;
- ret = traverse_pages(m.num, sizeof(xen_pfn_t),
- &pagelist, mmap_return_errors_v1, &state);
- } else
- ret = 0;
-
- } else if (version == 2) {
- ret = __copy_to_user(m.err, err_array, m.num * sizeof(int));
- if (ret)
- ret = -EFAULT;
- }
+ if (state.global_error) {
+ /* Write back errors in second pass. */
+ state.user_mfn = (xen_pfn_t *)m.arr;
+ state.user_err = m.err;
+ ret = traverse_pages(m.num, sizeof(xen_pfn_t),
+ &pagelist, mmap_return_errors, &state);
+ } else
+ ret = 0;
/* If we have not had any EFAULT-like global errors then set the global
* error to -ENOENT if necessary. */
@@ -457,7 +463,6 @@ static long privcmd_ioctl_mmap_batch(void __user *udata, int version)
ret = -ENOENT;
out:
- kfree(err_array);
free_page_list(&pagelist);
return ret;
diff --git a/drivers/xen/xen-pciback/pciback.h b/drivers/xen/xen-pciback/pciback.h
index a7def010eba..f72af87640e 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/xen-pciback/pciback.h
+++ b/drivers/xen/xen-pciback/pciback.h
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static inline int xen_pcibk_add_pci_dev(struct xen_pcibk_device *pdev,
static inline void xen_pcibk_release_pci_dev(struct xen_pcibk_device *pdev,
struct pci_dev *dev)
{
- if (xen_pcibk_backend && xen_pcibk_backend->free)
+ if (xen_pcibk_backend && xen_pcibk_backend->release)
return xen_pcibk_backend->release(pdev, dev);
}