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2005-10-28Pull for-each-cpu into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-28Pull asm-slot-fix into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-28Pull proc-cpuinfo-siblings into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-28Pull new-efi-memmap into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-28Pull move-iosapic-to-acpi into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-28Pull ar-k0-usage into release branchTony Luck
2005-10-25[IA64] another place to use for_each_cpu_mask() in arch/ia64hawkes@sgi.com
In arch/ia64 change the explicit use of a for-loop using NR_CPUS into the general for_each_online_cpu() construct. This widens the scope of potential future optimizations of the general constructs, as well as takes advantage of the existing optimizations of first_cpu() and next_cpu(), which is advantageous when the true CPU count is much smaller than NR_CPUS. Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-10-25[IA64] wider use of for_each_cpu_mask() in arch/ia64hawkes@sgi.com
In arch/ia64 change the explicit use of for-loops and NR_CPUS into the general for_each_cpu() or for_each_online_cpu() constructs, as appropriate. This widens the scope of potential future optimizations of the general constructs, as well as takes advantage of the existing optimizations of first_cpu() and next_cpu(). Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-10-25[IA64] Fix 2.6 kernel for the new ia64 assemblerH. J. Lu
The new ia64 assembler uses slot 1 for the offset of a long (2-slot) instruction and the old assembler uses slot 2. The 2.6 kernel assumes slot 2 and won't boot when the new assembler is used: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1433 This patch will work with either slot 1 or 2. Patch provided by H.J. Lu Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-10-25[IA64] fix siblings field value in /proc/cpuinfoSiddha, Suresh B
Fix the "siblings" field value in /proc/cpuinfo so that it now shows the number of siblings as seen by OS, instead of what is available from hardware perspective. Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-10-06[IA64] Avoid kernel hang during CMC interrupt stormBryan Sutula
I've noticed a kernel hang during a storm of CMC interrupts, which was tracked down to the continual execution of the interrupt handler. There's code in the CMC handler that's supposed to disable CMC interrupts and switch to polling mode when it sees a bunch of CMCs. Because disabling CMCs across all CPUs isn't safe in interrupt context, the disable is done with a schedule_work(). But with continual CMC interrupts, the schedule_work() never gets executed. The following patch immediately disables CMC interrupts for the current CPU. This then allows (at least) one CPU to ignore CMC interrupts, execute the schedule_work() code, and disable CMC interrupts on the rest of the CPUs. Acked-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Bryan Sutula <Bryan.Sutula@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-28[IA64] end of kernel 'data' is at _end, not _edataTony Luck
/proc/iomem describes a block of memory as "Kernel data", but the end address is derived from "_edata". The kernel actually has many other sections beyond _edata. Get the real end address from _end. Acked-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid_aziz@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-22[IA64] MCA recovery verify pfn_validHidetoshi Seto
Verify the pfn is valid before calling pfn_to_page(), and cut isolation message if nothing was done. Signed-off-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-22[IA64] Wire in the MCA/INIT handler stacksKeith Owens
Wire the MCA/INIT handler stacks into DTR[2] and track them in IA64_KR(CURRENT_STACK). This gives the MCA/INIT handler stacks the same TLB status as normal kernel stacks. Reload the old CURRENT_STACK data on return from OS to SAL. Signed-off-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-19[IA64] move ACPI IOSAPIC locality domain mapping from pci.c to acpi.cBjorn Helgaas
Move acpi_map_iosapics() from pci.c to acpi.c, since it doesn't have anything to do with PCI. Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-19[IA64] ia64: add ar.k0 usage noteBjorn Helgaas
Update comment about how ar.k0 is used. Make the initialization the same as in start_secondary() (no functional change, just make it look more similar). Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-19[IA64] include EFI memory information in /proc/iomemKhalid Aziz
User mode kexec tools expect to find information about physical memory in /proc/iomem (as they do on x86) to validate the addresses that the new kernel will use. Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-17[PATCH] files: fix preemption issuesDipankar Sarma
With the new fdtable locking rules, you have to protect fdtable with either ->file_lock or rcu_read_lock/unlock(). There are some places where we aren't doing either. This patch fixes those places. Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-16[IA64] mca_drv cleanupHidetoshi Seto
There were some trailing white spaces, long lines, brackets in weird style etc. This patch cleans them up. Signed-off-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-16[IA64] Remove warnings for gcc 4.0 IA64 compilation.Peter Chubb
This patch removes some compilation warnings, mostly trivially. acpi.c fix also noted by Kenji Kaneshige. Signed-off-by; Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-13[IA64] fix circular dependency on generation of asm-offsets.hTony Luck
Fix? One ugly hack is replaced by a different ugly hack. Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-11Pull sim-fixes into release branchTony Luck
2005-09-11[IA64] MCA/INIT: remove obsolete unwind codeKeith Owens
Delete the special case unwind code that was only used by the old MCA/INIT handler. Signed-off-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-11[IA64] MCA/INIT: remove the physical mode path from minstate.hKeith Owens
Remove the physical mode path from minstate.h. Signed-off-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-11[PATCH] MCA/INIT: use per cpu stacksKeith Owens
The bulk of the change. Use per cpu MCA/INIT stacks. Change the SAL to OS state (sos) to be per process. Do all the assembler work on the MCA/INIT stacks, leaving the original stack alone. Pass per cpu state data to the C handlers for MCA and INIT, which also means changing the mca_drv interfaces slightly. Lots of verification on whether the original stack is usable before converting it to a sleeping process. Signed-off-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-11[IA64] MCA/INIT: avoid reading INIT record during INIT eventKeith Owens
Reading the INIT record from SAL during the INIT event has proved to be unreliable, and a source of hangs during INIT processing. The new MCA/INIT handlers remove the need to get the INIT record from SAL. Change salinfo.c so mca.c can just flag that a new record is available, without having to read the record during INIT processing. This patch can be applied without the new MCA/INIT handlers. Also clean up some usage of NR_CPUS which should have been using cpu_online(). Signed-off-by: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-10[PATCH] spinlock consolidationIngo Molnar
This patch (written by me and also containing many suggestions of Arjan van de Ven) does a major cleanup of the spinlock code. It does the following things: - consolidates and enhances the spinlock/rwlock debugging code - simplifies the asm/spinlock.h files - encapsulates the raw spinlock type and moves generic spinlock features (such as ->break_lock) into the generic code. - cleans up the spinlock code hierarchy to get rid of the spaghetti. Most notably there's now only a single variant of the debugging code, located in lib/spinlock_debug.c. (previously we had one SMP debugging variant per architecture, plus a separate generic one for UP builds) Also, i've enhanced the rwlock debugging facility, it will now track write-owners. There is new spinlock-owner/CPU-tracking on SMP builds too. All locks have lockup detection now, which will work for both soft and hard spin/rwlock lockups. The arch-level include files now only contain the minimally necessary subset of the spinlock code - all the rest that can be generalized now lives in the generic headers: include/asm-i386/spinlock_types.h | 16 include/asm-x86_64/spinlock_types.h | 16 I have also split up the various spinlock variants into separate files, making it easier to see which does what. The new layout is: SMP | UP ----------------------------|----------------------------------- asm/spinlock_types_smp.h | linux/spinlock_types_up.h linux/spinlock_types.h | linux/spinlock_types.h asm/spinlock_smp.h | linux/spinlock_up.h linux/spinlock_api_smp.h | linux/spinlock_api_up.h linux/spinlock.h | linux/spinlock.h /* * here's the role of the various spinlock/rwlock related include files: * * on SMP builds: * * asm/spinlock_types.h: contains the raw_spinlock_t/raw_rwlock_t and the * initializers * * linux/spinlock_types.h: * defines the generic type and initializers * * asm/spinlock.h: contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. lowlevel * implementations, mostly inline assembly code * * (also included on UP-debug builds:) * * linux/spinlock_api_smp.h: * contains the prototypes for the _spin_*() APIs. * * linux/spinlock.h: builds the final spin_*() APIs. * * on UP builds: * * linux/spinlock_type_up.h: * contains the generic, simplified UP spinlock type. * (which is an empty structure on non-debug builds) * * linux/spinlock_types.h: * defines the generic type and initializers * * linux/spinlock_up.h: * contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. version of UP * builds. (which are NOPs on non-debug, non-preempt * builds) * * (included on UP-non-debug builds:) * * linux/spinlock_api_up.h: * builds the _spin_*() APIs. * * linux/spinlock.h: builds the final spin_*() APIs. */ All SMP and UP architectures are converted by this patch. arm, i386, ia64, ppc, ppc64, s390/s390x, x64 was build-tested via crosscompilers. m32r, mips, sh, sparc, have not been tested yet, but should be mostly fine. From: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> Booted and lightly tested on a500-44 (64-bit, SMP kernel, dual CPU). Builds 32-bit SMP kernel (not booted or tested). I did not try to build non-SMP kernels. That should be trivial to fix up later if necessary. I converted bit ops atomic_hash lock to raw_spinlock_t. Doing so avoids some ugly nesting of linux/*.h and asm/*.h files. Those particular locks are well tested and contained entirely inside arch specific code. I do NOT expect any new issues to arise with them. If someone does ever need to use debug/metrics with them, then they will need to unravel this hairball between spinlocks, atomic ops, and bit ops that exist only because parisc has exactly one atomic instruction: LDCW (load and clear word). From: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> ia64 fix Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjanv@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Signed-off-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@csd.uu.se> Signed-off-by: Benoit Boissinot <benoit.boissinot@ens-lyon.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-09Merge master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild Linus Torvalds
2005-09-09[PATCH] more SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED -> DEFINE_SPINLOCK conversionsIngo Molnar
This converts the final 20 DEFINE_SPINLOCK holdouts. (another 580 places are already using DEFINE_SPINLOCK). Build tested on x86. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-09[PATCH] files: break up files structDipankar Sarma
In order for the RCU to work, the file table array, sets and their sizes must be updated atomically. Instead of ensuring this through too many memory barriers, we put the arrays and their sizes in a separate structure. This patch takes the first step of putting the file table elements in a separate structure fdtable that is embedded withing files_struct. It also changes all the users to refer to the file table using files_fdtable() macro. Subsequent applciation of RCU becomes easier after this. Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com> Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-09[PATCH] Prefetch kernel stacks to speed up context switchChen, Kenneth W
For architecture like ia64, the switch stack structure is fairly large (currently 528 bytes). For context switch intensive application, we found that significant amount of cache misses occurs in switch_to() function. The following patch adds a hook in the schedule() function to prefetch switch stack structure as soon as 'next' task is determined. This allows maximum overlap in prefetch cache lines for that structure. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-09kbuild: ia64 use generic asm-offsets.h supportSam Ravnborg
Delete obsolete stuff from arch Makefile Rename file to asm-offsets.h The trick used in the arch Makefile to circumvent the circular dependency is kept. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2005-09-08[IA64] Manual merge fix for 3 filesTony Luck
arch/ia64/Kconfig arch/ia64/kernel/acpi.c include/asm-ia64/irq.h Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-08[IA64] simplified efi memory map parsingTony Luck
New version leaves the original memory map unmodified. Also saves any granule trimmings for use by the uncached memory allocator. Inspired by Khalid Aziz (various traces of his patch still remain). Fixes to uncached_build_memmap() and sn2 testing by Martin Hicks. Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-08Merge linux-2.6 with linux-acpi-2.6Len Brown
2005-09-07[PATCH] kprobes: fix bug when probed on task and isr functionsKeshavamurthy Anil S
This patch fixes a race condition where in system used to hang or sometime crash within minutes when kprobes are inserted on ISR routine and a task routine. The fix has been stress tested on i386, ia64, pp64 and on x86_64. To reproduce the problem insert kprobes on schedule() and do_IRQ() functions and you should see hang or system crash. Signed-off-by: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Prasanna S Panchamukhi <prasanna@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] Kprobes/IA64: fix race when break hits and kprobe not foundKeshavamurthy Anil S
This patch addresses a potential race condition for a case where Kprobe has been removed right after another CPU has taken a break hit. The way this is addressed here is when the CPU that has taken a break hit does not find its corresponding kprobe, then we check to see if the original instruction got replaced with other than break. If it got replaced with other than break instruction, then we continue to execute from the replaced instruction, else if we find that it is still a break, then we let the kernel handle this, as this might be the break instruction inserted by other than kprobe(may be kernel debugger). Signed-off-by: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] Kprobes: prevent possible race conditions ia64 changesPrasanna S Panchamukhi
This patch contains the ia64 architecture specific changes to prevent the possible race conditions. Signed-off-by: Prasanna S Panchamukhi <prasanna@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] cpusets: Move the ia64 domain setup code to the generic codeJohn Hawkes
Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] ia64 cpuset + build_sched_domains() mangles structuresJohn Hawkes
I've already sent this to the maintainers, and this is now being sent to a larger community audience. I have fixed a problem with the ia64 version of build_sched_domains(), but a similar fix still needs to be made to the generic build_sched_domains() in kernel/sched.c. The "dynamic sched domains" functionality has recently been merged into 2.6.13-rcN that sees the dynamic declaration of a cpu-exclusive (a.k.a. "isolated") cpuset and rebuilds the CPU Scheduler sched domains and sched groups to separate away the CPUs in this cpu-exclusive cpuset from the remainder of the non-isolated CPUs. This allows the non-isolated CPUs to completely ignore the isolated CPUs when doing load-balancing. Unfortunately, build_sched_domains() expects that a sched domain will include all the CPUs of each node in the domain, i.e., that no node will belong in both an isolated cpuset and a non-isolated cpuset. Declaring a cpuset that violates this presumption will produce flawed data structures and will oops the kernel. To trigger the problem (on a NUMA system with >1 CPUs per node): cd /dev/cpuset mkdir newcpuset cd newcpuset echo 0 >cpus echo 0 >mems echo 1 >cpu_exclusive I have fixed this shortcoming for ia64 NUMA (with multiple CPUs per node). A similar shortcoming exists in the generic build_sched_domains() (in kernel/sched.c) for NUMA, and that needs to be fixed also. The fix involves dynamically allocating sched_group_nodes[] and sched_group_allnodes[] for each invocation of build_sched_domains(), rather than using global arrays for these structures. Care must be taken to remember kmalloc() addresses so that arch_destroy_sched_domains() can properly kfree() the new dynamic structures. Signed-off-by: John Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[PATCH] x86/x86_64: deferred handling of writes to /proc/irqxx/smp_affinityAshok Raj
When handling writes to /proc/irq, current code is re-programming rte entries directly. This is not recommended and could potentially cause chipset's to lockup, or cause missing interrupts. CONFIG_IRQ_BALANCE does this correctly, where it re-programs only when the interrupt is pending. The same needs to be done for /proc/irq handling as well. Otherwise user space irq balancers are really not doing the right thing. - Changed pending_irq_balance_cpumask to pending_irq_migrate_cpumask for lack of a generic name. - added move_irq out of IRQ_BALANCE, and added this same to X86_64 - Added new proc handler for write, so we can do deferred write at irq handling time. - Display of /proc/irq/XX/smp_affinity used to display CPU_MASKALL, instead it now shows only active cpu masks, or exactly what was set. - Provided a common move_irq implementation, instead of duplicating when using generic irq framework. Tested on i386/x86_64 and ia64 with CONFIG_PCI_MSI turned on and off. Tested UP builds as well. MSI testing: tbd: I have cards, need to look for a x-over cable, although I did test an earlier version of this patch. Will test in a couple days. Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Acked-by: Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@holomorphy.com> Grudgingly-acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Signed-off-by: Coywolf Qi Hunt <coywolf@lovecn.org> Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-07[IA64] Minor cleanups - remove CONFIG_ACPI_DEALLOCATE_IRQKenji Kaneshige
The config option 'CONFIG_ACPI_DEALLOCATE_IRQ' is no longer needed. This patch removes it. Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-07[IA64] minor performance tune-up in ia64_switch_toChen, Kenneth W
The reenabling of psr.ic should really belong to dtr mapping code block. It make the fall through code fast since it doesn't need to execute the predicated-off instruction. Logically make more sense as well since psr.ic was turned off in .map code block. Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-03Merge linux-2.6 into linux-acpi-2.6 testLen Brown
2005-08-31[IA64] uncached allocator: use generic (not sn2 specific) functionsMartin Hicks
Change sn2-specific calls into generic functions. Without this change the uncached allocator will not work on non-sn2 platforms. Signed-off-by: Greg Edwards <edwardsg@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Hicks <mort@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-08-31[IA64] Allow /proc/pal/cpu0/vm_info under the simulatorPeter Chubb
Not all of the PAL VM calls are implemented for the SKI simulator. Don't just give up if one fails, print information from the calls that succeed. Signed-off-by: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-08-30Auto-update from upstreamTony Luck
2005-08-29Pull rationalise-regions into release branchTony Luck
2005-08-29Auto-update from upstreamLen Brown
2005-08-29[PATCH] convert signal handling of NODEFER to act like other Unix boxes.Steven Rostedt
It has been reported that the way Linux handles NODEFER for signals is not consistent with the way other Unix boxes handle it. I've written a program to test the behavior of how this flag affects signals and had several reports from people who ran this on various Unix boxes, confirming that Linux seems to be unique on the way this is handled. The way NODEFER affects signals on other Unix boxes is as follows: 1) If NODEFER is set, other signals in sa_mask are still blocked. 2) If NODEFER is set and the signal is in sa_mask, then the signal is still blocked. (Note: this is the behavior of all tested but Linux _and_ NetBSD 2.0 *). The way NODEFER affects signals on Linux: 1) If NODEFER is set, other signals are _not_ blocked regardless of sa_mask (Even NetBSD doesn't do this). 2) If NODEFER is set and the signal is in sa_mask, then the signal being handled is not blocked. The patch converts signal handling in all current Linux architectures to the way most Unix boxes work. Unix boxes that were tested: DU4, AIX 5.2, Irix 6.5, NetBSD 2.0, SFU 3.5 on WinXP, AIX 5.3, Mac OSX, and of course Linux 2.6.13-rcX. * NetBSD was the only other Unix to behave like Linux on point #2. The main concern was brought up by point #1 which even NetBSD isn't like Linux. So with this patch, we leave NetBSD as the lonely one that behaves differently here with #2. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>