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2011-09-13locking, kprobes: Annotate the hash locks and kretprobe.lock as rawThomas Gleixner
The kprobe locks can be taken in atomic context and therefore cannot be preempted on -rt - annotate it. In mainline this change documents the low level nature of the lock - otherwise there's no functional difference. Lockdep and Sparse checking will work as usual. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-07-15kprobes: Return -ENOENT if probe point doesn't existMasami Hiramatsu
Return -ENOENT if probe point doesn't exist, but still returns -EINVAL if both of kprobe->addr and kprobe->symbol_name are specified or both are not specified. Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110627072650.6528.67329.stgit@fedora15 Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2011-01-07Merge branch 'for-2.6.38' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu * 'for-2.6.38' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (30 commits) gameport: use this_cpu_read instead of lookup x86: udelay: Use this_cpu_read to avoid address calculation x86: Use this_cpu_inc_return for nmi counter x86: Replace uses of current_cpu_data with this_cpu ops x86: Use this_cpu_ops to optimize code vmstat: User per cpu atomics to avoid interrupt disable / enable irq_work: Use per cpu atomics instead of regular atomics cpuops: Use cmpxchg for xchg to avoid lock semantics x86: this_cpu_cmpxchg and this_cpu_xchg operations percpu: Generic this_cpu_cmpxchg() and this_cpu_xchg support percpu,x86: relocate this_cpu_add_return() and friends connector: Use this_cpu operations xen: Use this_cpu_inc_return taskstats: Use this_cpu_ops random: Use this_cpu_inc_return fs: Use this_cpu_inc_return in buffer.c highmem: Use this_cpu_xx_return() operations vmstat: Use this_cpu_inc_return for vm statistics x86: Support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return percpu: Generic support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return ... Fixed up conflicts: in arch/x86/kernel/{apic/nmi.c, apic/x2apic_uv_x.c, process.c} as per Tejun.
2010-12-17kprobes: Use this_cpu_opsChristoph Lameter
Use this_cpu ops in various places to optimize per cpu data access. Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2010-12-06kprobes: Use text_poke_smp_batch for unoptimizingMasami Hiramatsu
Use text_poke_smp_batch() on unoptimization path for reducing the number of stop_machine() issues. If the number of unoptimizing probes is more than MAX_OPTIMIZE_PROBES(=256), kprobes unoptimizes first MAX_OPTIMIZE_PROBES probes and kicks optimizer for remaining probes. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> LKML-Reference: <20101203095434.2961.22657.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Use text_poke_smp_batch for optimizingMasami Hiramatsu
Use text_poke_smp_batch() in optimization path for reducing the number of stop_machine() issues. If the number of optimizing probes is more than MAX_OPTIMIZE_PROBES(=256), kprobes optimizes first MAX_OPTIMIZE_PROBES probes and kicks optimizer for remaining probes. Changes in v5: - Use kick_kprobe_optimizer() instead of directly calling schedule_delayed_work(). - Rescheduling optimizer outside of kprobe mutex lock. Changes in v2: - Allocate code buffer and parameters in arch_init_kprobes() instead of using static arraies. - Merge previous max optimization limit patch into this patch. So, this patch introduces upper limit of optimization at once. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> LKML-Reference: <20101203095428.2961.8994.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Reuse unused kprobeMasami Hiramatsu
Reuse unused (waiting for unoptimizing and no user handler) kprobe on given address instead of returning -EBUSY for registering a new kprobe. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20101203095416.2961.39080.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Support delayed unoptimizingMasami Hiramatsu
Unoptimization occurs when a probe is unregistered or disabled, and is heavy because it recovers instructions by using stop_machine(). This patch delays unoptimization operations and unoptimize several probes at once by using text_poke_smp_batch(). This can avoid unexpected system slowdown coming from stop_machine(). Changes in v5: - Split this patch into several cleanup patches and this patch. - Fix some text_mutex lock miss. - Use bool instead of int for behavior flags. - Add additional comment for (un)optimizing path. Changes in v2: - Use dynamic allocated buffers and params. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20101203095409.2961.82733.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Separate kprobe optimizing code from optimizerMasami Hiramatsu
Separate kprobe optimizing code from optimizer, this will make easy to introducing unoptimizing code in optimizer. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20101203095403.2961.91201.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Cleanup disabling and unregistering pathMasami Hiramatsu
Merge disabling kprobe to unregistering kprobe function and add comments for disabing/unregistring process. Current unregistering code disables(disarms) kprobes after checking target kprobe status. This patch changes it to disabling kprobe first after that it changing the kprobe's state. This allows to share probe disabling code between disable_kprobe() and unregister_kprobe(). Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20101203095356.2961.30152.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-12-06kprobes: Rename old_p to more appropriate nameMasami Hiramatsu
Rename irrelevant uses of "old_p" to more appropriate names. Originally, "old_p" just meant "the old kprobe on given address" but current code uses that name as "just another kprobe" or something like that. This patch renames those pointer names to more appropriate one for maintainability. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: 2nddept-manager@sdl.hitachi.co.jp LKML-Reference: <20101203095350.2961.48110.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-10-29jump label: Fix error with preempt disable holding mutexSteven Rostedt
Kprobes and jump label were having a race between mutexes that was fixed by reordering the jump label. But this reordering moved the jump label mutex into a preempt disable location. This patch does a little fiddling to move the grabbing of the jump label mutex from inside the preempt disable section and still keep the order correct between the mutex and the kprobes lock. Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2010-10-28jump label: Fix deadlock b/w jump_label_mutex vs. text_mutexJason Baron
register_kprobe() downs the 'text_mutex' and then calls jump_label_text_reserved(), which downs the 'jump_label_mutex'. However, the jump label code takes those mutexes in the reverse order. Fix by requiring the caller of jump_label_text_reserved() to do the jump label locking via the newly added: jump_label_lock(), jump_label_unlock(). Currently, kprobes is the only user of jump_label_text_reserved(). Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <759032c48d5e30c27f0bba003d09bffa8e9f28bb.1285965957.git.jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2010-10-27Merge branch 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (50 commits) perf python scripting: Add futex-contention script perf python scripting: Fixup cut'n'paste error in sctop script perf scripting: Shut up 'perf record' final status perf record: Remove newline character from perror() argument perf python scripting: Support fedora 11 (audit 1.7.17) perf python scripting: Improve the syscalls-by-pid script perf python scripting: print the syscall name on sctop perf python scripting: Improve the syscalls-counts script perf python scripting: Improve the failed-syscalls-by-pid script kprobes: Remove redundant text_mutex lock in optimize x86/oprofile: Fix uninitialized variable use in debug printk tracing: Fix 'faild' -> 'failed' typo perf probe: Fix format specified for Dwarf_Off parameter perf trace: Fix detection of script extension perf trace: Use $PERF_EXEC_PATH in canned report scripts perf tools: Document event modifiers perf tools: Remove direct slang.h include perf_events: Fix for transaction recovery in group_sched_in() perf_events: Revert: Fix transaction recovery in group_sched_in() perf, x86: Use NUMA aware allocations for PEBS/BTS/DS allocations ...
2010-10-25kprobes: Remove redundant text_mutex lock in optimizeMasami Hiramatsu
Remove text_mutex locking in optimize_all_kprobes, because this function doesn't modify text. It simply queues probes on optimization list for kprobe_optimizer worker thread. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> LKML-Reference: <20101025131801.19160.70939.stgit@ltc236.sdl.hitachi.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-10-22Merge branch 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bklLinus Torvalds
* 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl: vfs: make no_llseek the default vfs: don't use BKL in default_llseek llseek: automatically add .llseek fop libfs: use generic_file_llseek for simple_attr mac80211: disallow seeks in minstrel debug code lirc: make chardev nonseekable viotape: use noop_llseek raw: use explicit llseek file operations ibmasmfs: use generic_file_llseek spufs: use llseek in all file operations arm/omap: use generic_file_llseek in iommu_debug lkdtm: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs net/wireless: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs drm: use noop_llseek
2010-10-15llseek: automatically add .llseek fopArnd Bergmann
All file_operations should get a .llseek operation so we can make nonseekable_open the default for future file operations without a .llseek pointer. The three cases that we can automatically detect are no_llseek, seq_lseek and default_llseek. For cases where we can we can automatically prove that the file offset is always ignored, we use noop_llseek, which maintains the current behavior of not returning an error from a seek. New drivers should normally not use noop_llseek but instead use no_llseek and call nonseekable_open at open time. Existing drivers can be converted to do the same when the maintainer knows for certain that no user code relies on calling seek on the device file. The generated code is often incorrectly indented and right now contains comments that clarify for each added line why a specific variant was chosen. In the version that gets submitted upstream, the comments will be gone and I will manually fix the indentation, because there does not seem to be a way to do that using coccinelle. Some amount of new code is currently sitting in linux-next that should get the same modifications, which I will do at the end of the merge window. Many thanks to Julia Lawall for helping me learn to write a semantic patch that does all this. ===== begin semantic patch ===== // This adds an llseek= method to all file operations, // as a preparation for making no_llseek the default. // // The rules are // - use no_llseek explicitly if we do nonseekable_open // - use seq_lseek for sequential files // - use default_llseek if we know we access f_pos // - use noop_llseek if we know we don't access f_pos, // but we still want to allow users to call lseek // @ open1 exists @ identifier nested_open; @@ nested_open(...) { <+... nonseekable_open(...) ...+> } @ open exists@ identifier open_f; identifier i, f; identifier open1.nested_open; @@ int open_f(struct inode *i, struct file *f) { <+... ( nonseekable_open(...) | nested_open(...) ) ...+> } @ read disable optional_qualifier exists @ identifier read_f; identifier f, p, s, off; type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t; expression E; identifier func; @@ ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off) { <+... ( *off = E | *off += E | func(..., off, ...) | E = *off ) ...+> } @ read_no_fpos disable optional_qualifier exists @ identifier read_f; identifier f, p, s, off; type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t; @@ ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off) { ... when != off } @ write @ identifier write_f; identifier f, p, s, off; type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t; expression E; identifier func; @@ ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off) { <+... ( *off = E | *off += E | func(..., off, ...) | E = *off ) ...+> } @ write_no_fpos @ identifier write_f; identifier f, p, s, off; type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t; @@ ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off) { ... when != off } @ fops0 @ identifier fops; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... }; @ has_llseek depends on fops0 @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier llseek_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .llseek = llseek_f, ... }; @ has_read depends on fops0 @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier read_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .read = read_f, ... }; @ has_write depends on fops0 @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier write_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .write = write_f, ... }; @ has_open depends on fops0 @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier open_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .open = open_f, ... }; // use no_llseek if we call nonseekable_open //////////////////////////////////////////// @ nonseekable1 depends on !has_llseek && has_open @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier nso ~= "nonseekable_open"; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .open = nso, ... +.llseek = no_llseek, /* nonseekable */ }; @ nonseekable2 depends on !has_llseek @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier open.open_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .open = open_f, ... +.llseek = no_llseek, /* open uses nonseekable */ }; // use seq_lseek for sequential files ///////////////////////////////////// @ seq depends on !has_llseek @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier sr ~= "seq_read"; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .read = sr, ... +.llseek = seq_lseek, /* we have seq_read */ }; // use default_llseek if there is a readdir /////////////////////////////////////////// @ fops1 depends on !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier readdir_e; @@ // any other fop is used that changes pos struct file_operations fops = { ... .readdir = readdir_e, ... +.llseek = default_llseek, /* readdir is present */ }; // use default_llseek if at least one of read/write touches f_pos ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// @ fops2 depends on !fops1 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier read.read_f; @@ // read fops use offset struct file_operations fops = { ... .read = read_f, ... +.llseek = default_llseek, /* read accesses f_pos */ }; @ fops3 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier write.write_f; @@ // write fops use offset struct file_operations fops = { ... .write = write_f, ... + .llseek = default_llseek, /* write accesses f_pos */ }; // Use noop_llseek if neither read nor write accesses f_pos /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// @ fops4 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !fops3 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier read_no_fpos.read_f; identifier write_no_fpos.write_f; @@ // write fops use offset struct file_operations fops = { ... .write = write_f, .read = read_f, ... +.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read and write both use no f_pos */ }; @ depends on has_write && !has_read && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier write_no_fpos.write_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .write = write_f, ... +.llseek = noop_llseek, /* write uses no f_pos */ }; @ depends on has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; identifier read_no_fpos.read_f; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... .read = read_f, ... +.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read uses no f_pos */ }; @ depends on !has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @ identifier fops0.fops; @@ struct file_operations fops = { ... +.llseek = noop_llseek, /* no read or write fn */ }; ===== End semantic patch ===== Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
2010-09-22jump label: Add jump_label_text_reserved() to reserve jump pointsJason Baron
Add a jump_label_text_reserved(void *start, void *end), so that other pieces of code that want to modify kernel text, can first verify that jump label has not reserved the instruction. Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <06236663a3a7b1c1f13576bb9eccb6d9c17b7bfe.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2010-09-22jump label: Base patch for jump labelJason Baron
base patch to implement 'jump labeling'. Based on a new 'asm goto' inline assembly gcc mechanism, we can now branch to labels from an 'asm goto' statment. This allows us to create a 'no-op' fastpath, which can subsequently be patched with a jump to the slowpath code. This is useful for code which might be rarely used, but which we'd like to be able to call, if needed. Tracepoints are the current usecase that these are being implemented for. Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <ee8b3595967989fdaf84e698dc7447d315ce972a.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com> [ cleaned up some formating ] Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2010-09-15kprobes: Add sparse context annotationsNamhyung Kim
This removes following warnings when build with C=1 warning: context imbalance in 'kretprobe_hash_lock' - wrong count at exit warning: context imbalance in 'kretprobe_table_lock' - wrong count at exit warning: context imbalance in 'kretprobe_hash_unlock' - unexpected unlock warning: context imbalance in 'kretprobe_table_unlock' - unexpected unlock Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> LKML-Reference: <1284512670-2369-6-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-09-15kprobes: Make functions staticNamhyung Kim
Make following (internal) functions static to make sparse happier :-) * get_optimized_kprobe: only called from static functions * kretprobe_table_unlock: _lock function is static * kprobes_optinsn_template_holder: never called but holding asm code Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> LKML-Reference: <1284512670-2369-4-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-09-15kprobes: Verify jprobe entry pointNamhyung Kim
Verify jprobe's entry point is a function entry point using kallsyms' offset value. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> LKML-Reference: <1284512670-2369-3-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-09-15kprobes: Remove redundant address checkNamhyung Kim
Remove call to kernel_text_address() in register_jprobes() because it is called right after in register_kprobe(). Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> LKML-Reference: <1284512670-2369-2-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-05-08kprobes: Move enable/disable_kprobe() out from debugfs codeMasami Hiramatsu
Move enable/disable_kprobe() API out from debugfs related code, because these interfaces are not related to debugfs interface. This fixes a compiler warning. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> LKML-Reference: <20100427223312.2322.60512.stgit@localhost6.localdomain6> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-03-11kprobes: Calculate the index correctly when freeing the out-of-line ↵Masami Hiramatsu
execution slot From : Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> When freeing the instruction slot, the arithmetic to calculate the index of the slot in the page needs to account for the total size of the instruction on the various architectures. Calculate the index correctly when freeing the out-of-line execution slot. Reported-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@in.ibm.com> Reported-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <4B9667AB.9050507@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25kprobes: Jump optimization sysctl interfaceMasami Hiramatsu
Add /proc/sys/debug/kprobes-optimization sysctl which enables and disables kprobes jump optimization on the fly for debugging. Changes in v7: - Remove ctl_name = CTL_UNNUMBERED for upstream compatibility. Changes in v6: - Update comments and coding style. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@ksplice.com> Cc: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> LKML-Reference: <20100225133415.6725.8274.stgit@localhost6.localdomain6> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25kprobes: Introduce kprobes jump optimizationMasami Hiramatsu
Introduce kprobes jump optimization arch-independent parts. Kprobes uses breakpoint instruction for interrupting execution flow, on some architectures, it can be replaced by a jump instruction and interruption emulation code. This gains kprobs' performance drastically. To enable this feature, set CONFIG_OPTPROBES=y (default y if the arch supports OPTPROBE). Changes in v9: - Fix a bug to optimize probe when enabling. - Check nearby probes can be optimize/unoptimize when disarming/arming kprobes, instead of registering/unregistering. This will help kprobe-tracer because most of probes on it are usually disabled. Changes in v6: - Cleanup coding style for readability. - Add comments around get/put_online_cpus(). Changes in v5: - Use get_online_cpus()/put_online_cpus() for avoiding text_mutex deadlock. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@ksplice.com> Cc: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> LKML-Reference: <20100225133407.6725.81992.stgit@localhost6.localdomain6> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25kprobes: Introduce generic insn_slot frameworkMasami Hiramatsu
Make insn_slot framework support various size slots. Current insn_slot just supports one-size instruction buffer slot. However, kprobes jump optimization needs larger size buffers. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@ksplice.com> Cc: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> LKML-Reference: <20100225133358.6725.82430.stgit@localhost6.localdomain6> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Anders Kaseorg <andersk@ksplice.com> Cc: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org>
2010-02-05kprobes: Add mcount to the kprobes blacklistMasami Hiramatsu
Since mcount function can be called from everywhere, it should be blacklisted. Moreover, the "mcount" symbol is a special symbol name. So, it is better to put it in the generic blacklist. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> LKML-Reference: <20100205062433.3745.36726.stgit@dhcp-100-2-132.bos.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-04kprobes: Check probe address is reservedMasami Hiramatsu
Check whether the address of new probe is already reserved by ftrace or alternatives (on x86) when registering new probe. If reserved, it returns an error and not register the probe. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: przemyslaw@pawelczyk.it Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <20100202214918.4694.94179.stgit@dhcp-100-2-132.bos.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-04kprobes: Disable booster when CONFIG_PREEMPT=yMasami Hiramatsu
Disable kprobe booster when CONFIG_PREEMPT=y at this time, because it can't ensure that all kernel threads preempted on kprobe's boosted slot run out from the slot even using freeze_processes(). The booster on preemptive kernel will be resumed if synchronize_tasks() or something like that is introduced. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <compudj@krystal.dyndns.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> LKML-Reference: <20100202214904.4694.24330.stgit@dhcp-100-2-132.bos.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-28kprobes: Fix distinct type warningHeiko Carstens
Every time I see this: kernel/kprobes.c: In function 'register_kretprobe': kernel/kprobes.c:1038: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a cast I'm wondering if something changed in common code and we need to do something for s390. Apparently that's not the case. Let's get rid of this annoying warning. Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <20091221120224.GA4471@osiris.boeblingen.de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-05Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (470 commits) x86: Fix comments of register/stack access functions perf tools: Replace %m with %a in sscanf hw-breakpoints: Keep track of user disabled breakpoints tracing/syscalls: Make syscall events print callbacks static tracing: Add DEFINE_EVENT(), DEFINE_SINGLE_EVENT() support to docbook perf: Don't free perf_mmap_data until work has been done perf_event: Fix compile error perf tools: Fix _GNU_SOURCE macro related strndup() build error trace_syscalls: Remove unused syscall_name_to_nr() trace_syscalls: Simplify syscall profile trace_syscalls: Remove duplicate init_enter_##sname() trace_syscalls: Add syscall_nr field to struct syscall_metadata trace_syscalls: Remove enter_id exit_id trace_syscalls: Set event_enter_##sname->data to its metadata trace_syscalls: Remove unused event_syscall_enter and event_syscall_exit perf_event: Initialize data.period in perf_swevent_hrtimer() perf probe: Simplify event naming perf probe: Add --list option for listing current probe events perf probe: Add argv_split() from lib/argv_split.c perf probe: Move probe event utility functions to probe-event.c ...
2009-11-02kprobes: Sanitize struct kretprobe_instance allocationsAnanth N Mavinakayanahalli
For as long as kretprobes have existed, we've allocated NR_CPUS instances of kretprobe_instance structures. With the default value of CONFIG_NR_CPUS increasing on certain architectures, we are potentially wasting kernel memory. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10839#c3 for more details. Use a saner num_possible_cpus() instead of NR_CPUS for allocation. Signed-off-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com LKML-Reference: <20091030135310.GA22230@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-17Merge commit 'v2.6.32-rc5' into perf/probesIngo Molnar
Conflicts: kernel/trace/trace_event_profile.c Merge reason: update to -rc5 and resolve conflict. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-01const: constify remaining file_operationsAlexey Dobriyan
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix KVM] Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-23Merge commit 'linus/master' into tracing/kprobesFrederic Weisbecker
Conflicts: kernel/trace/Makefile kernel/trace/trace.h kernel/trace/trace_event_types.h kernel/trace/trace_export.c Merge reason: Sync with latest significant tracing core changes.
2009-09-23seq_file: constify seq_operationsJames Morris
Make all seq_operations structs const, to help mitigate against revectoring user-triggerable function pointers. This is derived from the grsecurity patch, although generated from scratch because it's simpler than extracting the changes from there. Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-09-17kprobes: Prevent re-registration of the same kprobeAnanth N Mavinakayanahalli
Prevent re-registration of the same kprobe. This situation, though unlikely, needs to be flagged since it can lead to a system crash if it's not handled. The core change itself is small, but the helper routine needed to be moved around a bit; hence the diffstat. Signed-off-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli<ananth@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Frank Ch. Eigler <fche@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com> LKML-Reference: <20090915051307.GB26458@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-09-11kprobes/x86-32: Move irq-exit functions to kprobes sectionMasami Hiramatsu
Move irq-exit functions to .kprobes.text section to protect against kprobes recursion. When I ran kprobe stress test on x86-32, I found below symbols cause unrecoverable recursive probing: ret_from_exception ret_from_intr check_userspace restore_all restore_all_notrace restore_nocheck irq_return And also, I found some interrupt/exception entry points that cause similar problems. This patch moves those symbols (including their container functions) to .kprobes.text section to prevent any kprobes probing. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> LKML-Reference: <20090908164755.24050.81182.stgit@dhcp-100-2-132.bos.redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-30kprobes: Prohibit to probe native_get_debugregMasami Hiramatsu
Since do_debug() calls get_debugreg(), native_get_debugreg() will be called from singlestepping. This can cause an int3 infinite loop. We can't put it in the .text.kprobes section because it is inlined, then we blacklist its name. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> LKML-Reference: <20090827172332.8246.34194.stgit@localhost.localdomain> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-27tracing/kprobes: Dump the culprit kprobe in case of kprobe recursionFrederic Weisbecker
Kprobes can enter into a probing recursion, ie: a kprobe that does an endless loop because one of its core mechanism function used during probing is also probed itself. This patch helps pinpointing the kprobe that raised such recursion by dumping it and raising a BUG instead of a warning (we also disarm the kprobe to try avoiding recursion in BUG itself). Having a BUG instead of a warning stops the stacktrace in the right place and doesn't pollute the logs with hundreds of traces that eventually end up in a stack overflow. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
2009-08-11Merge branch 'linus' into tracing/coreIngo Molnar
Conflicts: kernel/trace/trace_events_filter.c We use the tracing/core version. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-07-30kprobes: Use kernel_text_address() for checking probe addressMasami Hiramatsu
Use kernel_text_address() for checking probe address instead of __kernel_text_address(), because __kernel_text_address() returns true for init functions even after relaseing those functions. That will hit a BUG() in text_poke(). Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-07-01kprobes: Clean up insn_pages by using list instead of hlistMasami Hiramatsu
Use struct list instead of struct hlist for managing insn_pages, because insn_pages doesn't use hash table. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> LKML-Reference: <20090630210814.17851.64651.stgit@localhost.localdomain> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-07-01kprobes: No need to unlock kprobe_insn_mutexMasami Hiramatsu
Remove needless kprobe_insn_mutex unlocking during safety check in garbage collection, because if someone releases a dirty slot during safety check (which ensures other cpus doesn't execute all dirty slots), the safety check must be fail. So, we need to hold the mutex while checking safety. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> LKML-Reference: <20090630210809.17851.28781.stgit@localhost.localdomain> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-05-08kprobes: fix to use text_mutex around arm/disarm kprobeMasami Hiramatsu
Fix kprobes to lock text_mutex around some arch_arm/disarm_kprobe() which are newly added by commit de5bd88d5a5cce3cacea904d3503e5ebdb3852a2. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@us.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-07kprobes: support per-kprobe disablingMasami Hiramatsu
Add disable_kprobe() and enable_kprobe() to disable/enable kprobes temporarily. disable_kprobe() asynchronously disables probe handlers of specified kprobe. So, after calling it, some handlers can be called at a while. enable_kprobe() enables specified kprobe. aggr_pre_handler and aggr_post_handler check disabled probes. On the other hand aggr_break_handler and aggr_fault_handler don't check it because these handlers will be called while executing pre or post handlers and usually those help error handling. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-07kprobes: rename kprobe_enabled to kprobes_all_disarmedMasami Hiramatsu
Rename kprobe_enabled to kprobes_all_disarmed and invert logic due to avoiding naming confusion from per-probe disabling. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-07kprobes: move EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL just after function definitionsMasami Hiramatsu
Clean up positions of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL in kernel/kprobes.c according to checkpatch.pl. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>