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Cai Liu reporeted that now zbud pool pages counting has a problem when
multiple swap is used because it just counts only one swap intead of all
of swap so zswap cannot control writeback properly. The result is
unnecessary writeback or no writeback when we should really writeback.
IOW, it made zswap crazy.
Another problem in zswap is:
For example, let's assume we use two swap A and B with different
priority and A already has charged 19% long time ago and let's assume
that A swap is full now so VM start to use B so that B has charged 1%
recently. It menas zswap charged (19% + 1%) is full by default. Then,
if VM want to swap out more pages into B, zbud_reclaim_page would be
evict one of pages in B's pool and it would be repeated continuously.
It's totally LRU reverse problem and swap thrashing in B would happen.
This patch makes zswap consider mutliple swap by creating *a* zbud pool
which will be shared by multiple swap so all of zswap pages in multiple
swap keep order by LRU so it can prevent above two problems.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Cai Liu <cai.liu@samsung.com>
Suggested-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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zswap used zsmalloc before and now using zbud. But, some comments saying
it use zsmalloc yet. Fix the trivial problems.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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A new dump_page() routine was recently added, and marked
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. dump_page() was also added to the VM_BUG_ON_PAGE()
macro, and so the end result is that non-GPL code can no longer call
get_page() and a few other routines.
This only happens if the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.
Change dump_page() to be EXPORT_SYMBOL.
Longer explanation:
Prior to commit 309381feaee5 ("mm: dump page when hitting a VM_BUG_ON
using VM_BUG_ON_PAGE") , it was possible to build MIT-licensed (non-GPL)
drivers on Fedora. Fedora is semi-unique, in that it sets
CONFIG_VM_DEBUG.
Because Fedora sets CONFIG_VM_DEBUG, they end up pulling in dump_page(),
via VM_BUG_ON_PAGE, via get_page(). As one of the authors of NVIDIA's
new, open source, "UVM-Lite" kernel module, I originally choose to use
the kernel's get_page() routine from within nvidia_uvm_page_cache.c,
because get_page() has always seemed to be very clearly intended for use
by non-GPL, driver code.
So I'm hoping that making get_page() widely accessible again will not be
too controversial. We did check with Fedora first, and they responded
(https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074710#c3) that we should
try to get upstream changed, before asking Fedora to change. Their
reasoning seems beneficial to Linux: leaving CONFIG_DEBUG_VM set allows
Fedora to help catch mm bugs.
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit f9acc8c7b35a ("readahead: sanify file_ra_state names") left
ra_submit with a single function call.
Move ra_submit to internal.h and inline it to save some stack. Thanks
to Andrew Morton for commenting different versions.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When I decrease the value of nr_hugepage in procfs a lot, softlockup
happens. It is because there is no chance of context switch during this
process.
On the other hand, when I allocate a large number of hugepages, there is
some chance of context switch. Hence softlockup doesn't happen during
this process. So it's necessary to add the context switch in the
freeing process as same as allocating process to avoid softlockup.
When I freed 12 TB hugapages with kernel-2.6.32-358.el6, the freeing
process occupied a CPU over 150 seconds and following softlockup message
appeared twice or more.
$ echo 6000000 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
$ cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
6000000
$ grep ^Huge /proc/meminfo
HugePages_Total: 6000000
HugePages_Free: 6000000
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
$ echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
BUG: soft lockup - CPU#16 stuck for 67s! [sh:12883] ...
Pid: 12883, comm: sh Not tainted 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1
Call Trace:
free_pool_huge_page+0xb8/0xd0
set_max_huge_pages+0x128/0x190
hugetlb_sysctl_handler_common+0x113/0x140
hugetlb_sysctl_handler+0x1e/0x20
proc_sys_call_handler+0x97/0xd0
proc_sys_write+0x14/0x20
vfs_write+0xb8/0x1a0
sys_write+0x51/0x90
__audit_syscall_exit+0x265/0x290
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
I have not confirmed this problem with upstream kernels because I am not
able to prepare the machine equipped with 12TB memory now. However I
confirmed that the amount of decreasing hugepages was directly
proportional to the amount of required time.
I measured required times on a smaller machine. It showed 130-145
hugepages decreased in a millisecond.
Amount of decreasing Required time Decreasing rate
hugepages (msec) (pages/msec)
------------------------------------------------------------
10,000 pages == 20GB 70 - 74 135-142
30,000 pages == 60GB 208 - 229 131-144
It means decrement of 6TB hugepages will trigger softlockup with the
default threshold 20sec, in this decreasing rate.
Signed-off-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Replace ((phys_addr_t)(x) << PAGE_SHIFT) by pfn macro.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This is a small cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Emil Medve <Emilian.Medve@Freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There's only one caller of set_page_dirty_balance() and that will call it
with page_mkwrite == 0.
The page_mkwrite argument was unused since commit b827e496c893 "mm: close
page_mkwrite races".
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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A BUG_ON(!PageLocked) was triggered in mlock_vma_page() by Sasha Levin
fuzzing with trinity. The call site try_to_unmap_cluster() does not lock
the pages other than its check_page parameter (which is already locked).
The BUG_ON in mlock_vma_page() is not documented and its purpose is
somewhat unclear, but apparently it serializes against page migration,
which could otherwise fail to transfer the PG_mlocked flag. This would
not be fatal, as the page would be eventually encountered again, but
NR_MLOCK accounting would become distorted nevertheless. This patch adds
a comment to the BUG_ON in mlock_vma_page() and munlock_vma_page() to that
effect.
The call site try_to_unmap_cluster() is fixed so that for page !=
check_page, trylock_page() is attempted (to avoid possible deadlocks as we
already have check_page locked) and mlock_vma_page() is performed only
upon success. If the page lock cannot be obtained, the page is left
without PG_mlocked, which is again not a problem in the whole unevictable
memory design.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On NUMA systems, a node may start thrashing cache or even swap anonymous
pages while there are still free pages on remote nodes.
This is a result of commits 81c0a2bb515f ("mm: page_alloc: fair zone
allocator policy") and fff4068cba48 ("mm: page_alloc: revert NUMA aspect
of fair allocation policy").
Before those changes, the allocator would first try all allowed zones,
including those on remote nodes, before waking any kswapds. But now,
the allocator fastpath doubles as the fairness pass, which in turn can
only consider the local node to prevent remote spilling based on
exhausted fairness batches alone. Remote nodes are only considered in
the slowpath, after the kswapds are woken up. But if remote nodes still
have free memory, kswapd should not be woken to rebalance the local node
or it may thrash cash or swap prematurely.
Fix this by adding one more unfair pass over the zonelist that is
allowed to spill to remote nodes after the local fairness pass fails but
before entering the slowpath and waking the kswapds.
This also gets rid of the GFP_THISNODE exemption from the fairness
protocol because the unfair pass is no longer tied to kswapd, which
GFP_THISNODE is not allowed to wake up.
However, because remote spills can be more frequent now - we prefer them
over local kswapd reclaim - the allocation batches on remote nodes could
underflow more heavily. When resetting the batches, use
atomic_long_read() directly instead of zone_page_state() to calculate the
delta as the latter filters negative counter values.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [3.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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mem_cgroup_newpage_charge is used only for charging anonymous memory so
it is better to rename it to mem_cgroup_charge_anon.
mem_cgroup_cache_charge is used for file backed memory so rename it to
mem_cgroup_charge_file.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Some callsites pass a memcg directly, some callsites pass an mm that
then has to be translated to a memcg. This makes for a terrible
function interface.
Just push the mm-to-memcg translation into the respective callsites and
always pass a memcg to mem_cgroup_try_charge().
[mhocko@suse.cz: add charge mm helper]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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__mem_cgroup_try_charge duplicates get_mem_cgroup_from_mm for charges
which came without a memcg. The only reason seems to be a tiny
optimization when css_tryget is not called if the charge can be consumed
from the stock. Nevertheless css_tryget is very cheap since it has been
reworked to use per-cpu counting so this optimization doesn't give us
anything these days.
So let's drop the code duplication so that the code is more readable.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Instead of returning NULL from try_get_mem_cgroup_from_mm() when the mm
owner is exiting, just return root_mem_cgroup. This makes sense for all
callsites and gets rid of some of them having to fallback manually.
[fengguang.wu@intel.com: fix warnings]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Users pass either a mm that has been established under task lock, or use
a verified current->mm, which means the task can't be exiting.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Only page cache charges can happen without an mm context, so push this
special case out of the inner core and into the cache charge function.
An ancient comment explains that the mm can also be NULL in case the
task is currently being migrated, but that is not actually true with the
current case, so just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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mem_cgroup_charge_common() is used by both cache and anon pages, but
most of its body only applies to anon pages and the remainder is not
worth having in a separate function.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It used to disable preemption and run sanity checks but now it's only
taking a number out of one percpu counter and putting it into another.
Do this directly in the callsite and save the indirection.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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lock_page_cgroup() disables preemption, remove explicit preemption
disabling for code paths holding this lock.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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I tried to use 'dump_page(page, __func__)' for debugging, but it triggers
warning:
warning: passing argument 2 of `dump_page' discards `const' qualifier from pointer target type [enabled by default]
Let's convert 'reason' to 'const char *' in dump_page() and friends: we
shouldn't modify it anyway.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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vm_map_ram() has a fragmentation problem when it cannot purge a
chunk(ie, 4M address space) if there is a pinning object in that
addresss space. So it could consume all VMALLOC address space easily.
We can fix the fragmentation problem by using vmap instead of
vm_map_ram() but vmap() is known to be slow compared to vm_map_ram().
Minchan said vm_map_ram is 5 times faster than vmap in his tests. So I
thought we should fix fragment problem of vm_map_ram because our
proprietary GPU driver has used it heavily.
On second thought, it's not an easy because we should reuse freed space
for solving the problem and it could make more IPI and bitmap operation
for searching hole. It could mitigate API's goal which is very fast
mapping. And even fragmentation problem wouldn't show in 64 bit
machine.
Another option is that the user should separate long-life and short-life
object and use vmap for long-life but vm_map_ram for short-life. If we
inform the user about the characteristic of vm_map_ram the user can
choose one according to the page lifetime.
Let's add some notice messages to user.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Choi Gi-yong <yong@gnoy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add unlikely and likely hints to the function mempool_free. It lays out
the code in such a way that the common path is executed straighforward and
saves a cache line.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The conditions that control the isolation mode in
isolate_migratepages_range() do not change during the iteration, so
extract them out and only define the value once.
This actually does have an effect, gcc doesn't optimize it itself because
of cc->sync.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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PF_MEMPOLICY is an unnecessary optimization for CONFIG_SLAB users.
There's no significant performance degradation to checking
current->mempolicy rather than current->flags & PF_MEMPOLICY in the
allocation path, especially since this is considered unlikely().
Running TCP_RR with netperf-2.4.5 through localhost on 16 cpu machine with
64GB of memory and without a mempolicy:
threads before after
16 1249409 1244487
32 1281786 1246783
48 1239175 1239138
64 1244642 1241841
80 1244346 1248918
96 1266436 1254316
112 1307398 1312135
128 1327607 1326502
Per-process flags are a scarce resource so we should free them up whenever
possible and make them available. We'll be using it shortly for memcg oom
reserves.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Tim Hockin <thockin@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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slab_node() is actually a mempolicy function, so rename it to
mempolicy_slab_node() to make it clearer that it used for processes with
mempolicies.
At the same time, cleanup its code by saving numa_mem_id() in a local
variable (since we require a node with memory, not just any node) and
remove an obsolete comment that assumes the mempolicy is actually passed
into the function.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Tim Hockin <thockin@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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To increase compiler portability there is <linux/compiler.h> which
provides convenience macros for various gcc constructs. Eg: __weak for
__attribute__((weak)). I've replaced all instances of gcc attributes with
the right macro in the memory management (/mm) subsystem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: while-we're-there consistency tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Gideon Israel Dsouza <gidisrael@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch is a continuation of efforts trying to optimize find_vma(),
avoiding potentially expensive rbtree walks to locate a vma upon faults.
The original approach (https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/11/1/410), where the
largest vma was also cached, ended up being too specific and random,
thus further comparison with other approaches were needed. There are
two things to consider when dealing with this, the cache hit rate and
the latency of find_vma(). Improving the hit-rate does not necessarily
translate in finding the vma any faster, as the overhead of any fancy
caching schemes can be too high to consider.
We currently cache the last used vma for the whole address space, which
provides a nice optimization, reducing the total cycles in find_vma() by
up to 250%, for workloads with good locality. On the other hand, this
simple scheme is pretty much useless for workloads with poor locality.
Analyzing ebizzy runs shows that, no matter how many threads are
running, the mmap_cache hit rate is less than 2%, and in many situations
below 1%.
The proposed approach is to replace this scheme with a small per-thread
cache, maximizing hit rates at a very low maintenance cost.
Invalidations are performed by simply bumping up a 32-bit sequence
number. The only expensive operation is in the rare case of a seq
number overflow, where all caches that share the same address space are
flushed. Upon a miss, the proposed replacement policy is based on the
page number that contains the virtual address in question. Concretely,
the following results are seen on an 80 core, 8 socket x86-64 box:
1) System bootup: Most programs are single threaded, so the per-thread
scheme does improve ~50% hit rate by just adding a few more slots to
the cache.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 50.61% | 19.90 |
| patched | 73.45% | 13.58 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
2) Kernel build: This one is already pretty good with the current
approach as we're dealing with good locality.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 75.28% | 11.03 |
| patched | 88.09% | 9.31 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
3) Oracle 11g Data Mining (4k pages): Similar to the kernel build workload.
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 70.66% | 17.14 |
| patched | 91.15% | 12.57 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
4) Ebizzy: There's a fair amount of variation from run to run, but this
approach always shows nearly perfect hit rates, while baseline is just
about non-existent. The amounts of cycles can fluctuate between
anywhere from ~60 to ~116 for the baseline scheme, but this approach
reduces it considerably. For instance, with 80 threads:
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| caching scheme | hit-rate | cycles (billion) |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
| baseline | 1.06% | 91.54 |
| patched | 99.97% | 14.18 |
+----------------+----------+------------------+
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nommu build, per Davidlohr]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: document vmacache_valid() logic]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: attempt to untangle header files]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add vmacache_find() BUG_ON]
[hughd@google.com: add vmacache_valid_mm() (from Oleg)]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: adjust and enhance comments]
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
In shmem/tmpfs, we also use the generic filemap_map_pages, seems the
additional checking is not worth a separate version of map_pages for it.
Signed-off-by: Ning Qu <quning@google.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Let's allow people to tweak faultaround at runtime.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Minor cleanups:
- 'size' variable is now in bytes, not pages;
- use round_up(): it should be easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
filemap_map_pages() is generic implementation of ->map_pages() for
filesystems who uses page cache.
It should be safe to use filemap_map_pages() for ->map_pages() if
filesystem use filemap_fault() for ->fault().
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Here's new version of faultaround patchset. It took a while to tune it
and collect performance data.
First patch adds new callback ->map_pages to vm_operations_struct.
->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map easy accessible pages.
Filesystem should find and map pages associated with offsets from
"pgoff" till "max_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with page table
locked and must not block. If it's not possible to reach a page without
blocking, filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should use do_set_pte()
to setup page table entry. Pointer to entry associated with offset
"pgoff" is passed in "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to
entries for other offsets should be calculated relative to "pte".
Currently VM use ->map_pages only on read page fault path. We try to
map FAULT_AROUND_PAGES a time. FAULT_AROUND_PAGES is 16 for now.
Performance data for different FAULT_AROUND_ORDER is below.
TODO:
- implement ->map_pages() for shmem/tmpfs;
- modify get_user_pages() to be able to use ->map_pages() and implement
mmap(MAP_POPULATE|MAP_NONBLOCK) on top.
=========================================================================
Tested on 4-socket machine (120 threads) with 128GiB of RAM.
Few real-world workloads. The sweet spot for FAULT_AROUND_ORDER here is
somewhere between 3 and 5. Let's say 4 :)
Linux build (make -j60)
FAULT_AROUND_ORDER Baseline 1 3 4 5 7 9
minor-faults 283,301,572 247,151,987 212,215,789 204,772,882 199,568,944 194,703,779 193,381,485
time, seconds 151.227629483 153.920996480 151.356125472 150.863792049 150.879207877 151.150764954 151.450962358
Linux rebuild (make -j60)
FAULT_AROUND_ORDER Baseline 1 3 4 5 7 9
minor-faults 5,396,854 4,148,444 2,855,286 2,577,282 2,361,957 2,169,573 2,112,643
time, seconds 27.404543757 27.559725591 27.030057426 26.855045126 26.678618635 26.974523490 26.761320095
Git test suite (make -j60 test)
FAULT_AROUND_ORDER Baseline 1 3 4 5 7 9
minor-faults 129,591,823 99,200,751 66,106,718 57,606,410 51,510,808 45,776,813 44,085,515
time, seconds 66.087215026 64.784546905 64.401156567 65.282708668 66.034016829 66.793780811 67.237810413
Two synthetic tests: access every word in file in sequential/random order.
It doesn't improve much after FAULT_AROUND_ORDER == 4.
Sequential access 16GiB file
FAULT_AROUND_ORDER Baseline 1 3 4 5 7 9
1 thread
minor-faults 4,195,437 2,098,275 525,068 262,251 131,170 32,856 8,282
time, seconds 7.250461742 6.461711074 5.493859139 5.488488147 5.707213983 5.898510832 5.109232856
8 threads
minor-faults 33,557,540 16,892,728 4,515,848 2,366,999 1,423,382 442,732 142,339
time, seconds 16.649304881 9.312555263 6.612490639 6.394316732 6.669827501 6.75078944 6.371900528
32 threads
minor-faults 134,228,222 67,526,810 17,725,386 9,716,537 4,763,731 1,668,921 537,200
time, seconds 49.164430543 29.712060103 12.938649729 10.175151004 11.840094583 9.594081325 9.928461797
60 threads
minor-faults 251,687,988 126,146,952 32,919,406 18,208,804 10,458,947 2,733,907 928,217
time, seconds 86.260656897 49.626551828 22.335007632 17.608243696 16.523119035 16.339489186 16.326390902
120 threads
minor-faults 503,352,863 252,939,677 67,039,168 35,191,827 19,170,091 4,688,357 1,471,862
time, seconds 124.589206333 79.757867787 39.508707872 32.167281632 29.972989292 28.729834575 28.042251622
Random access 1GiB file
1 thread
minor-faults 262,636 132,743 34,369 17,299 8,527 3,451 1,222
time, seconds 15.351890914 16.613802482 16.569227308 15.179220992 16.557356122 16.578247824 15.365266994
8 threads
minor-faults 2,098,948 1,061,871 273,690 154,501 87,110 25,663 7,384
time, seconds 15.040026343 15.096933500 14.474757288 14.289129964 14.411537468 14.296316837 14.395635804
32 threads
minor-faults 8,390,734 4,231,023 1,054,432 528,847 269,242 97,746 26,881
time, seconds 20.430433109 21.585235358 22.115062928 14.872878951 14.880856305 14.883370649 14.821261690
60 threads
minor-faults 15,733,258 7,892,809 1,973,393 988,266 594,789 164,994 51,691
time, seconds 26.577302548 25.692397770 18.728863715 20.153026398 21.619101933 17.745086260 17.613215273
120 threads
minor-faults 31,471,111 15,816,616 3,959,209 1,978,685 1,008,299 264,635 96,010
time, seconds 41.835322703 40.459786095 36.085306105 35.313894834 35.814445675 36.552633793 34.289210594
Touch only one page in page table in 16GiB file
FAULT_AROUND_ORDER Baseline 1 3 4 5 7 9
1 thread
minor-faults 8,372 8,324 8,270 8,260 8,249 8,239 8,237
time, seconds 0.039892712 0.045369149 0.051846126 0.063681685 0.079095975 0.17652406 0.541213386
8 threads
minor-faults 65,731 65,681 65,628 65,620 65,608 65,599 65,596
time, seconds 0.124159196 0.488600638 0.156854426 0.191901957 0.242631486 0.543569456 1.677303984
32 threads
minor-faults 262,388 262,341 262,285 262,276 262,266 262,257 263,183
time, seconds 0.452421421 0.488600638 0.565020946 0.648229739 0.789850823 1.651584361 5.000361559
60 threads
minor-faults 491,822 491,792 491,723 491,711 491,701 491,691 491,825
time, seconds 0.763288616 0.869620515 0.980727360 1.161732354 1.466915814 3.04041448 9.308612938
120 threads
minor-faults 983,466 983,655 983,366 983,372 983,363 984,083 984,164
time, seconds 1.595846553 1.667902182 2.008959376 2.425380942 2.941368804 5.977807890 18.401846125
This patch (of 2):
Introduce new vm_ops callback ->map_pages() and uses it for mapping easy
accessible pages around fault address.
On read page fault, if filesystem provides ->map_pages(), we try to map up
to FAULT_AROUND_PAGES pages around page fault address in hope to reduce
number of minor page faults.
We call ->map_pages first and use ->fault() as fallback if page by the
offset is not ready to be mapped (cold page cache or something).
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
There's no reason to enable split page table lock if don't have page
tables.
It also triggers build error at least on ARM since we don't define
pmd_page() for !MMU.
In file included from arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.c:14:0:
include/linux/mm.h: In function 'pte_lockptr':
include/linux/mm.h:1392:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'pmd_page' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
include/linux/mm.h:1392:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'ptlock_ptr' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
include/linux/mm.h:1384:27: note: expected 'struct page *' but argument is of type 'int'
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The main motivation behind this patch is to provide a way to disable THP
for jobs where the code cannot be modified, and using a malloc hook with
madvise is not an option (i.e. statically allocated data). This patch
allows us to do just that, without affecting other jobs running on the
system.
We need to do this sort of thing for jobs where THP hurts performance,
due to the possibility of increased remote memory accesses that can be
created by situations such as the following:
When you touch 1 byte of an untouched, contiguous 2MB chunk, a THP will
be handed out, and the THP will be stuck on whatever node the chunk was
originally referenced from. If many remote nodes need to do work on
that same chunk, they'll be making remote accesses.
With THP disabled, 4K pages can be handed out to separate nodes as
they're needed, greatly reducing the amount of remote accesses to
memory.
This patch is based on some of my work combined with some
suggestions/patches given by Oleg Nesterov. The main goal here is to
add a prctl switch to allow us to disable to THP on a per mm_struct
basis.
Here's a bit of test data with the new patch in place...
First with the flag unset:
# perf stat -a ./prctl_wrapper_mmv3 0 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g
Setting thp_disabled for this task...
thp_disable: 0
Set thp_disabled state to 0
Process pid = 18027
PF/
MAX MIN TOTCPU/ TOT_PF/ TOT_PF/ WSEC/
TYPE: CPUS WALL WALL SYS USER TOTCPU CPU WALL_SEC SYS_SEC CPU NODES
512 1.120 0.060 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.000 28571428864 -9223372036854775808 55803572 23
Performance counter stats for './prctl_wrapper_mmv3_hack 0 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g':
273719072.841402 task-clock # 641.026 CPUs utilized [100.00%]
1,008,986 context-switches # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
7,717 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
1,698,932 page-faults # 0.000 M/sec
355,222,544,890,379 cycles # 1.298 GHz [100.00%]
536,445,412,234,588 stalled-cycles-frontend # 151.02% frontend cycles idle [100.00%]
409,110,531,310,223 stalled-cycles-backend # 115.17% backend cycles idle [100.00%]
148,286,797,266,411 instructions # 0.42 insns per cycle
# 3.62 stalled cycles per insn [100.00%]
27,061,793,159,503 branches # 98.867 M/sec [100.00%]
1,188,655,196 branch-misses # 0.00% of all branches
427.001706337 seconds time elapsed
Now with the flag set:
# perf stat -a ./prctl_wrapper_mmv3 1 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g
Setting thp_disabled for this task...
thp_disable: 1
Set thp_disabled state to 1
Process pid = 144957
PF/
MAX MIN TOTCPU/ TOT_PF/ TOT_PF/ WSEC/
TYPE: CPUS WALL WALL SYS USER TOTCPU CPU WALL_SEC SYS_SEC CPU NODES
512 0.620 0.260 0.250 0.320 0.570 0.001 51612901376 128000000000 100806448 23
Performance counter stats for './prctl_wrapper_mmv3_hack 1 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g':
138789390.540183 task-clock # 641.959 CPUs utilized [100.00%]
534,205 context-switches # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
4,595 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
63,133,119 page-faults # 0.000 M/sec
147,977,747,269,768 cycles # 1.066 GHz [100.00%]
200,524,196,493,108 stalled-cycles-frontend # 135.51% frontend cycles idle [100.00%]
105,175,163,716,388 stalled-cycles-backend # 71.07% backend cycles idle [100.00%]
180,916,213,503,160 instructions # 1.22 insns per cycle
# 1.11 stalled cycles per insn [100.00%]
26,999,511,005,868 branches # 194.536 M/sec [100.00%]
714,066,351 branch-misses # 0.00% of all branches
216.196778807 seconds time elapsed
As with previous versions of the patch, We're getting about a 2x
performance increase here. Here's a link to the test case I used, along
with the little wrapper to activate the flag:
http://oss.sgi.com/projects/memtests/thp_pthread_mmprctlv3.tar.gz
This patch (of 3):
Revert commit 8e72033f2a48 and add in code to fix up any issues caused
by the revert.
The revert is necessary because hugepage_madvise would return -EINVAL
when VM_NOHUGEPAGE is set, which will break subsequent chunks of this
patch set.
Here's a snip of an e-mail from Gerald detailing the original purpose of
this code, and providing justification for the revert:
"The intent of commit 8e72033f2a48 was to guard against any future
programming errors that may result in an madvice(MADV_HUGEPAGE) on
guest mappings, which would crash the kernel.
Martin suggested adding the bit to arch/s390/mm/pgtable.c, if
8e72033f2a48 was to be reverted, because that check will also prevent
a kernel crash in the case described above, it will now send a
SIGSEGV instead.
This would now also allow to do the madvise on other parts, if
needed, so it is a more flexible approach. One could also say that
it would have been better to do it this way right from the
beginning..."
Signed-off-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
It is just for clean-up to reduce code size and improve readability.
There is no functional change.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
isolation_suitable() and migrate_async_suitable() is used to be sure
that this pageblock range is fine to be migragted. It isn't needed to
call it on every page. Current code do well if not suitable, but, don't
do well when suitable.
1) It re-checks isolation_suitable() on each page of a pageblock that was
already estabilished as suitable.
2) It re-checks migrate_async_suitable() on each page of a pageblock that
was not entered through the next_pageblock: label, because
last_pageblock_nr is not otherwise updated.
This patch fixes situation by 1) calling isolation_suitable() only once
per pageblock and 2) always updating last_pageblock_nr to the pageblock
that was just checked.
Additionally, move PageBuddy() check after pageblock unit check, since
pageblock check is the first thing we should do and makes things more
simple.
[vbabka@suse.cz: rephrase commit description]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
It is odd to drop the spinlock when we scan (SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX - 1) th
pfn page. This may results in below situation while isolating
migratepage.
1. try isolate 0x0 ~ 0x200 pfn pages.
2. When low_pfn is 0x1ff, ((low_pfn+1) % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX) == 0, so drop
the spinlock.
3. Then, to complete isolating, retry to aquire the lock.
I think that it is better to use SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX th pfn for checking the
criteria about dropping the lock. This has no harm 0x0 pfn, because, at
this time, locked variable would be false.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
suitable_migration_target() checks that pageblock is suitable for
migration target. In isolate_freepages_block(), it is called on every
page and this is inefficient. So make it called once per pageblock.
suitable_migration_target() also checks if page is highorder or not, but
it's criteria for highorder is pageblock order. So calling it once
within pageblock range has no problem.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Purpose of compaction is to get a high order page. Currently, if we
find high-order page while searching migration target page, we break it
to order-0 pages and use them as migration target. It is contrary to
purpose of compaction, so disallow high-order page to be used for
migration target.
Additionally, clean-up logic in suitable_migration_target() to simplify
the code. There is no functional changes from this clean-up.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
We had a report about strange OOM killer strikes on a PPC machine
although there was a lot of swap free and a tons of anonymous memory
which could be swapped out. In the end it turned out that the OOM was a
side effect of zone reclaim which wasn't unmapping and swapping out and
so the system was pushed to the OOM. Although this sounds like a bug
somewhere in the kswapd vs. zone reclaim vs. direct reclaim
interaction numactl on the said hardware suggests that the zone reclaim
should not have been set in the first place:
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
node 0 size: 0 MB
node 0 free: 0 MB
node 2 cpus:
node 2 size: 7168 MB
node 2 free: 6019 MB
node distances:
node 0 2
0: 10 40
2: 40 10
So all the CPUs are associated with Node0 which doesn't have any memory
while Node2 contains all the available memory. Node distances cause an
automatic zone_reclaim_mode enabling.
Zone reclaim is intended to keep the allocations local but this doesn't
make any sense on the memoryless nodes. So let's exclude such nodes for
init_zone_allows_reclaim which evaluates zone reclaim behavior and
suitable reclaim_nodes.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The described issue now occurs inside mmap_region(). And unfortunately
is still valid.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We abort direct reclaim if we find the zone is ready for compaction.
Sometimes the zone is just a promoted highmem zone to force a scan of
highmem, which is not the intended zone the caller want to allocate a
page from. In this situation, setting aborted_reclaim to indicate the
caller turned back to retry the allocation is waste of time and could
cause a loop in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
This patch does not check compaction_ready() on promoted zones to avoid
the above situation. Only set aborted_reclaim if the caller intended
zone is ready for compaction.
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We promote sc->gfp_mask to __GFP_HIGHMEM to forcibly scan highmem if
there are too many buffer_heads pinning highmem. See cc715d99e5 ("mm:
vmscan: forcibly scan highmem if there are too many buffer_heads pinning
highmem").
This patch restores sc->gfp_mask to its caller original value after
finishing the scan job, to avoid the impact on other invocations from
its upper caller, such as vmpressure_prio(), shrink_slab().
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The NUMA scanning code can end up iterating over many gigabytes of
unpopulated memory, especially in the case of a freshly started KVM
guest with lots of memory.
This results in the mmu notifier code being called even when there are
no mapped pages in a virtual address range. The amount of time wasted
can be enough to trigger soft lockup warnings with very large KVM
guests.
This patch moves the mmu notifier call to the pmd level, which
represents 1GB areas of memory on x86-64. Furthermore, the mmu notifier
code is only called from the address in the PMD where present mappings
are first encountered.
The hugetlbfs code is left alone for now; hugetlb mappings are not
relocatable, and as such are left alone by the NUMA code, and should
never trigger this problem to begin with.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Xing Gang <gang.xing@hp.com>
Tested-by: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Sasha reported the following bug using trinity
kernel BUG at mm/mprotect.c:149!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Dumping ftrace buffer:
(ftrace buffer empty)
Modules linked in:
CPU: 20 PID: 26219 Comm: trinity-c216 Tainted: G W 3.14.0-rc5-next-20140305-sasha-00011-ge06f5f3-dirty #105
task: ffff8800b6c80000 ti: ffff880228436000 task.ti: ffff880228436000
RIP: change_protection_range+0x3b3/0x500
Call Trace:
change_protection+0x25/0x30
change_prot_numa+0x1b/0x30
task_numa_work+0x279/0x360
task_work_run+0xae/0xf0
do_notify_resume+0x8e/0xe0
retint_signal+0x4d/0x92
The VM_BUG_ON was added in -mm by the patch "mm,numa: reorganize
change_pmd_range". The race existed without the patch but was just
harder to hit.
The problem is that a transhuge check is made without holding the PTL.
It's possible at the time of the check that a parallel fault clears the
pmd and inserts a new one which then triggers the VM_BUG_ON check. This
patch removes the VM_BUG_ON but fixes the race by rechecking transhuge
under the PTL when marking page tables for NUMA hinting and bailing if a
race occurred. It is not a problem for calls to mprotect() as they hold
mmap_sem for write.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Reorganize the order of ifs in change_pmd_range a little, in preparation
for the next patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix indenting, per David]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Xing Gang <gang.xing@hp.com>
Tested-by: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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huge_pte_offset() could return NULL, so we need NULL check to avoid
potential NULL pointer dereferences.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pull ARM changes from Russell King:
- Perf updates from Will Deacon:
- Support for Qualcomm Krait processors (run perf on your phone!)
- Support for Cortex-A12 (run perf stat on your FPGA!)
- Support for perf_sample_event_took, allowing us to automatically decrease
the sample rate if we can't handle the PMU interrupts quickly enough
(run perf record on your FPGA!).
- Basic uprobes support from David Long:
This patch series adds basic uprobes support to ARM. It is based on
patches developed earlier by Rabin Vincent. That approach of adding
hooks into the kprobes instruction parsing code was not well received.
This approach separates the ARM instruction parsing code in kprobes out
into a separate set of functions which can be used by both kprobes and
uprobes. Both kprobes and uprobes then provide their own semantic action
tables to process the results of the parsing.
- ARMv7M (microcontroller) updates from Uwe Kleine-König
- OMAP DMA updates (recently added Vinod's Ack even though they've been
sitting in linux-next for a few months) to reduce the reliance of
omap-dma on the code in arch/arm.
- SA11x0 changes from Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov and Alexander Shiyan
- Support for Cortex-A12 CPU
- Align support for ARMv6 with ARMv7 so they can cooperate better in a
single zImage.
- Addition of first AT_HWCAP2 feature bits for ARMv8 crypto support.
- Removal of IRQ_DISABLED from various ARM files
- Improved efficiency of virt_to_page() for single zImage
- Patch from Ulf Hansson to permit runtime PM callbacks to be available for
AMBA devices for suspend/resume as well.
- Finally kill asm/system.h on ARM.
* 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: (89 commits)
dmaengine: omap-dma: more consolidation of CCR register setup
dmaengine: omap-dma: move IRQ handling to omap-dma
dmaengine: omap-dma: move register read/writes into omap-dma.c
ARM: omap: dma: get rid of 'p' allocation and clean up
ARM: omap: move dma channel allocation into plat-omap code
ARM: omap: dma: get rid of errata global
ARM: omap: clean up DMA register accesses
ARM: omap: remove almost-const variables
ARM: omap: remove references to disable_irq_lch
dmaengine: omap-dma: cleanup errata 3.3 handling
dmaengine: omap-dma: provide register read/write functions
dmaengine: omap-dma: use cached CCR value when enabling DMA
dmaengine: omap-dma: move barrier to omap_dma_start_desc()
dmaengine: omap-dma: move clnk_ctrl setting to preparation functions
dmaengine: omap-dma: improve efficiency loading C.SA/C.EI/C.FI registers
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate clearing channel status register
dmaengine: omap-dma: move CCR buffering disable errata out of the fast path
dmaengine: omap-dma: provide register definitions
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate setup of CCR
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate setup of CSDP
...
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