From 5beb49305251e5669852ed541e8e2f2f7696c53e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rik van Riel Date: Fri, 5 Mar 2010 13:42:07 -0800 Subject: mm: change anon_vma linking to fix multi-process server scalability issue The old anon_vma code can lead to scalability issues with heavily forking workloads. Specifically, each anon_vma will be shared between the parent process and all its child processes. In a workload with 1000 child processes and a VMA with 1000 anonymous pages per process that get COWed, this leads to a system with a million anonymous pages in the same anon_vma, each of which is mapped in just one of the 1000 processes. However, the current rmap code needs to walk them all, leading to O(N) scanning complexity for each page. This can result in systems where one CPU is walking the page tables of 1000 processes in page_referenced_one, while all other CPUs are stuck on the anon_vma lock. This leads to catastrophic failure for a benchmark like AIM7, where the total number of processes can reach in the tens of thousands. Real workloads are still a factor 10 less process intensive than AIM7, but they are catching up. This patch changes the way anon_vmas and VMAs are linked, which allows us to associate multiple anon_vmas with a VMA. At fork time, each child process gets its own anon_vmas, in which its COWed pages will be instantiated. The parents' anon_vma is also linked to the VMA, because non-COWed pages could be present in any of the children. This reduces rmap scanning complexity to O(1) for the pages of the 1000 child processes, with O(N) complexity for at most 1/N pages in the system. This reduces the average scanning cost in heavily forking workloads from O(N) to 2. The only real complexity in this patch stems from the fact that linking a VMA to anon_vmas now involves memory allocations. This means vma_adjust can fail, if it needs to attach a VMA to anon_vma structures. This in turn means error handling needs to be added to the calling functions. A second source of complexity is that, because there can be multiple anon_vmas, the anon_vma linking in vma_adjust can no longer be done under "the" anon_vma lock. To prevent the rmap code from walking up an incomplete VMA, this patch introduces the VM_LOCK_RMAP VMA flag. This bit flag uses the same slot as the NOMMU VM_MAPPED_COPY, with an ifdef in mm.h to make sure it is impossible to compile a kernel that needs both symbolic values for the same bitflag. Some test results: Without the anon_vma changes, when AIM7 hits around 9.7k users (on a test box with 16GB RAM and not quite enough IO), the system ends up running >99% in system time, with every CPU on the same anon_vma lock in the pageout code. With these changes, AIM7 hits the cross-over point around 29.7k users. This happens with ~99% IO wait time, there never seems to be any spike in system time. The anon_vma lock contention appears to be resolved. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups] Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro Cc: Larry Woodman Cc: Lee Schermerhorn Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Hugh Dickins Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds --- fs/exec.c | 6 ++++-- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'fs') diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c index ea7861727ef..59103073559 100644 --- a/fs/exec.c +++ b/fs/exec.c @@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ static int __bprm_mm_init(struct linux_binprm *bprm) vma->vm_start = vma->vm_end - PAGE_SIZE; vma->vm_flags = VM_STACK_FLAGS; vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->anon_vma_chain); err = insert_vm_struct(mm, vma); if (err) goto err; @@ -516,7 +517,8 @@ static int shift_arg_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long shift) /* * cover the whole range: [new_start, old_end) */ - vma_adjust(vma, new_start, old_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL); + if (vma_adjust(vma, new_start, old_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL)) + return -ENOMEM; /* * move the page tables downwards, on failure we rely on @@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ static int shift_arg_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long shift) tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, new_end, old_end); /* - * shrink the vma to just the new range. + * Shrink the vma to just the new range. Always succeeds. */ vma_adjust(vma, new_start, new_end, vma->vm_pgoff, NULL); -- cgit v1.2.3-70-g09d2