/* * linux/arch/i386/kernel/head.S -- the 32-bit startup code. * * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds * * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis * and Martin Mares, November 1997. */ .text #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* * References to members of the new_cpu_data structure. */ #define X86 new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86 #define X86_VENDOR new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor #define X86_MODEL new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_model #define X86_MASK new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_mask #define X86_HARD_MATH new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_hard_math #define X86_CPUID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_cpuid_level #define X86_CAPABILITY new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_capability #define X86_VENDOR_ID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor_id /* * This is how much memory *in addition to the memory covered up to * and including _end* we need mapped initially. We need one bit for * each possible page, but only in low memory, which means * 2^32/4096/8 = 128K worst case (4G/4G split.) * * Modulo rounding, each megabyte assigned here requires a kilobyte of * memory, which is currently unreclaimed. * * This should be a multiple of a page. */ #define INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END (128*1024) /* * 32-bit kernel entrypoint; only used by the boot CPU. On entry, * %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer. * CS and DS must be 4 GB flat segments, but we don't depend on * any particular GDT layout, because we load our own as soon as we * can. */ ENTRY(startup_32) #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT movl %cs, %eax testl $0x3, %eax jnz startup_paravirt #endif /* * Set segments to known values. */ cld lgdt boot_gdt_descr - __PAGE_OFFSET movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%es movl %eax,%fs movl %eax,%gs /* * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises... * No need to cld as DF is already clear from cld above... */ xorl %eax,%eax movl $__bss_start - __PAGE_OFFSET,%edi movl $__bss_stop - __PAGE_OFFSET,%ecx subl %edi,%ecx shrl $2,%ecx rep ; stosl /* * Copy bootup parameters out of the way. * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data. * With the kexec as boot loader, parameter segment might be loaded beyond * kernel image and might not even be addressable by early boot page tables. * (kexec on panic case). Hence copy out the parameters before initializing * page tables. */ movl $(boot_params - __PAGE_OFFSET),%edi movl $(PARAM_SIZE/4),%ecx cld rep movsl movl boot_params - __PAGE_OFFSET + NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi andl %esi,%esi jnz 2f # New command line protocol cmpw $(OLD_CL_MAGIC),OLD_CL_MAGIC_ADDR jne 1f movzwl OLD_CL_OFFSET,%esi addl $(OLD_CL_BASE_ADDR),%esi 2: movl $(boot_command_line - __PAGE_OFFSET),%edi movl $(COMMAND_LINE_SIZE/4),%ecx rep movsl 1: /* * Initialize page tables. This creates a PDE and a set of page * tables, which are located immediately beyond _end. The variable * init_pg_tables_end is set up to point to the first "safe" location. * Mappings are created both at virtual address 0 (identity mapping) * and PAGE_OFFSET for up to _end+sizeof(page tables)+INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END. * * Warning: don't use %esi or the stack in this code. However, %esp * can be used as a GPR if you really need it... */ page_pde_offset = (__PAGE_OFFSET >> 20); movl $(pg0 - __PAGE_OFFSET), %edi movl $(swapper_pg_dir - __PAGE_OFFSET), %edx movl $0x007, %eax /* 0x007 = PRESENT+RW+USER */ 10: leal 0x007(%edi),%ecx /* Create PDE entry */ movl %ecx,(%edx) /* Store identity PDE entry */ movl %ecx,page_pde_offset(%edx) /* Store kernel PDE entry */ addl $4,%edx movl $1024, %ecx 11: stosl addl $0x1000,%eax loop 11b /* End condition: we must map up to and including INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END */ /* bytes beyond the end of our own page tables; the +0x007 is the attribute bits */ leal (INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END+0x007)(%edi),%ebp cmpl %ebp,%eax jb 10b movl %edi,(init_pg_tables_end - __PAGE_OFFSET) #ifdef CONFIG_SMP xorl %ebx,%ebx /* This is the boot CPU (BSP) */ jmp 3f /* * Non-boot CPU entry point; entered from trampoline.S * We can't lgdt here, because lgdt itself uses a data segment, but * we know the trampoline has already loaded the boot_gdt_table GDT * for us. */ ENTRY(startup_32_smp) cld movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%es movl %eax,%fs movl %eax,%gs /* * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may * be using the global pages. * * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all! * So we do not try to touch it unless we really have * some bits in it to set. This won't work if the BSP * implements cr4 but this AP does not -- very unlikely * but be warned! The same applies to the pse feature * if not equally supported. --macro * * NOTE! We have to correct for the fact that we're * not yet offset PAGE_OFFSET.. */ #define cr4_bits mmu_cr4_features-__PAGE_OFFSET movl cr4_bits,%edx andl %edx,%edx jz 6f movl %cr4,%eax # Turn on paging options (PSE,PAE,..) orl %edx,%eax movl %eax,%cr4 btl $5, %eax # check if PAE is enabled jnc 6f /* Check if extended functions are implemented */ movl $0x80000000, %eax cpuid cmpl $0x80000000, %eax jbe 6f mov $0x80000001, %eax cpuid /* Execute Disable bit supported? */ btl $20, %edx jnc 6f /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */ movl $0xc0000080, %ecx rdmsr btsl $11, %eax /* Make changes effective */ wrmsr 6: /* This is a secondary processor (AP) */ xorl %ebx,%ebx incl %ebx 3: #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ /* * Enable paging */ movl $swapper_pg_dir-__PAGE_OFFSET,%eax movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */ movl %cr0,%eax orl $0x80000000,%eax movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */ ljmp $__BOOT_CS,$1f /* Clear prefetch and normalize %eip */ 1: /* Set up the stack pointer */ lss stack_start,%esp /* * Initialize eflags. Some BIOS's leave bits like NT set. This would * confuse the debugger if this code is traced. * XXX - best to initialize before switching to protected mode. */ pushl $0 popfl #ifdef CONFIG_SMP andl %ebx,%ebx jz 1f /* Initial CPU cleans BSS */ jmp checkCPUtype 1: #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ /* * start system 32-bit setup. We need to re-do some of the things done * in 16-bit mode for the "real" operations. */ call setup_idt checkCPUtype: movl $-1,X86_CPUID # -1 for no CPUID initially /* check if it is 486 or 386. */ /* * XXX - this does a lot of unnecessary setup. Alignment checks don't * apply at our cpl of 0 and the stack ought to be aligned already, and * we don't need to preserve eflags. */ movb $3,X86 # at least 386 pushfl # push EFLAGS popl %eax # get EFLAGS movl %eax,%ecx # save original EFLAGS xorl $0x240000,%eax # flip AC and ID bits in EFLAGS pushl %eax # copy to EFLAGS popfl # set EFLAGS pushfl # get new EFLAGS popl %eax # put it in eax xorl %ecx,%eax # change in flags pushl %ecx # restore original EFLAGS popfl testl $0x40000,%eax # check if AC bit changed je is386 movb $4,X86 # at least 486 testl $0x200000,%eax # check if ID bit changed je is486 /* get vendor info */ xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID cpuid movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well? je is486 movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type cpuid movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family movb %ah,X86 andb $0xf0,%al # mask model shrb $4,%al movb %al,X86_MODEL andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision movb %cl,X86_MASK movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY is486: movl $0x50022,%ecx # set AM, WP, NE and MP jmp 2f is386: movl $2,%ecx # set MP 2: movl %cr0,%eax andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET orl %ecx,%eax movl %eax,%cr0 call check_x87 call setup_pda lgdt cpu_gdt_descr lidt idt_descr ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers movl %eax,%ss # after changing gdt. movl $(__USER_DS),%eax # DS/ES contains default USER segment movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%es xorl %eax,%eax # Clear GS and LDT movl %eax,%gs lldt %ax movl $(__KERNEL_PDA),%eax mov %eax,%fs cld # gcc2 wants the direction flag cleared at all times pushl $0 # fake return address for unwinder #ifdef CONFIG_SMP movb ready, %cl movb $1, ready cmpb $0,%cl # the first CPU calls start_kernel jne initialize_secondary # all other CPUs call initialize_secondary #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ jmp start_kernel /* * We depend on ET to be correct. This checks for 287/387. */ check_x87: movb $0,X86_HARD_MATH clts fninit fstsw %ax cmpb $0,%al je 1f movl %cr0,%eax /* no coprocessor: have to set bits */ xorl $4,%eax /* set EM */ movl %eax,%cr0 ret ALIGN 1: movb $1,X86_HARD_MATH .byte 0xDB,0xE4 /* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */ ret /* * Point the GDT at this CPU's PDA. On boot this will be * cpu_gdt_table and boot_pda; for secondary CPUs, these will be * that CPU's GDT and PDA. */ ENTRY(setup_pda) /* get the PDA pointer */ movl start_pda, %eax /* slot the PDA address into the GDT */ mov cpu_gdt_descr+2, %ecx mov %ax, (__KERNEL_PDA+0+2)(%ecx) /* base & 0x0000ffff */ shr $16, %eax mov %al, (__KERNEL_PDA+4+0)(%ecx) /* base & 0x00ff0000 */ mov %ah, (__KERNEL_PDA+4+3)(%ecx) /* base & 0xff000000 */ ret /* * setup_idt * * sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to * ignore_int, interrupt gates. It doesn't actually load * idt - that can be done only after paging has been enabled * and the kernel moved to PAGE_OFFSET. Interrupts * are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively * sure everything is ok. * * Warning: %esi is live across this function. */ setup_idt: lea ignore_int,%edx movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */ movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */ lea idt_table,%edi mov $256,%ecx rp_sidt: movl %eax,(%edi) movl %edx,4(%edi) addl $8,%edi dec %ecx jne rp_sidt .macro set_early_handler handler,trapno lea \handler,%edx movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax movw %dx,%ax movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */ lea idt_table,%edi movl %eax,8*\trapno(%edi) movl %edx,8*\trapno+4(%edi) .endm set_early_handler handler=early_divide_err,trapno=0 set_early_handler handler=early_illegal_opcode,trapno=6 set_early_handler handler=early_protection_fault,trapno=13 set_early_handler handler=early_page_fault,trapno=14 ret early_divide_err: xor %edx,%edx pushl $0 /* fake errcode */ jmp early_fault early_illegal_opcode: movl $6,%edx pushl $0 /* fake errcode */ jmp early_fault early_protection_fault: movl $13,%edx jmp early_fault early_page_fault: movl $14,%edx jmp early_fault early_fault: cld #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%es cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag je hlt_loop incl early_recursion_flag movl %cr2,%eax pushl %eax pushl %edx /* trapno */ pushl $fault_msg #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK call early_printk #else call printk #endif #endif hlt_loop: hlt jmp hlt_loop /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */ ALIGN ignore_int: cld #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK pushl %eax pushl %ecx pushl %edx pushl %es pushl %ds movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%es cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag je hlt_loop incl early_recursion_flag pushl 16(%esp) pushl 24(%esp) pushl 32(%esp) pushl 40(%esp) pushl $int_msg #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK call early_printk #else call printk #endif addl $(5*4),%esp popl %ds popl %es popl %edx popl %ecx popl %eax #endif iret #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT startup_paravirt: cld movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp /* We take pains to preserve all the regs. */ pushl %edx pushl %ecx pushl %eax /* paravirt.o is last in link, and that probe fn never returns */ pushl $__start_paravirtprobe 1: movl 0(%esp), %eax pushl (%eax) movl 8(%esp), %eax call *(%esp) popl %eax movl 4(%esp), %eax movl 8(%esp), %ecx movl 12(%esp), %edx addl $4, (%esp) jmp 1b #endif /* * Real beginning of normal "text" segment */ ENTRY(stext) ENTRY(_stext) /* * BSS section */ .section ".bss.page_aligned","w" ENTRY(swapper_pg_dir) .fill 1024,4,0 ENTRY(empty_zero_page) .fill 4096,1,0 /* * This starts the data section. */ .data ENTRY(start_pda) .long boot_pda ENTRY(stack_start) .long init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE .long __BOOT_DS ready: .byte 0 early_recursion_flag: .long 0 int_msg: .asciz "Unknown interrupt or fault at EIP %p %p %p\n" fault_msg: .ascii "Int %d: CR2 %p err %p EIP %p CS %p flags %p\n" .asciz "Stack: %p %p %p %p %p %p %p %p\n" /* * The IDT and GDT 'descriptors' are a strange 48-bit object * only used by the lidt and lgdt instructions. They are not * like usual segment descriptors - they consist of a 16-bit * segment size, and 32-bit linear address value: */ .globl boot_gdt_descr .globl idt_descr ALIGN # early boot GDT descriptor (must use 1:1 address mapping) .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address boot_gdt_descr: .word __BOOT_DS+7 .long boot_gdt_table - __PAGE_OFFSET .word 0 # 32-bit align idt_desc.address idt_descr: .word IDT_ENTRIES*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries .long idt_table # boot GDT descriptor (later on used by CPU#0): .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address ENTRY(cpu_gdt_descr) .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1 .long cpu_gdt_table /* * The boot_gdt_table must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is * used only for booting. */ .align L1_CACHE_BYTES ENTRY(boot_gdt_table) .fill GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS,8,0 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */ .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */ /* * The Global Descriptor Table contains 28 quadwords, per-CPU. */ .align L1_CACHE_BYTES ENTRY(cpu_gdt_table) .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x0b reserved */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x13 reserved */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x1b reserved */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x20 unused */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x28 unused */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x33 TLS entry 1 */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x3b TLS entry 2 */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x43 TLS entry 3 */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x4b reserved */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x53 reserved */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x5b reserved */ .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* 0x60 kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */ .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* 0x68 kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */ .quad 0x00cffa000000ffff /* 0x73 user 4GB code at 0x00000000 */ .quad 0x00cff2000000ffff /* 0x7b user 4GB data at 0x00000000 */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x80 TSS descriptor */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0x88 LDT descriptor */ /* * Segments used for calling PnP BIOS have byte granularity. * They code segments and data segments have fixed 64k limits, * the transfer segment sizes are set at run time. */ .quad 0x00409a000000ffff /* 0x90 32-bit code */ .quad 0x00009a000000ffff /* 0x98 16-bit code */ .quad 0x000092000000ffff /* 0xa0 16-bit data */ .quad 0x0000920000000000 /* 0xa8 16-bit data */ .quad 0x0000920000000000 /* 0xb0 16-bit data */ /* * The APM segments have byte granularity and their bases * are set at run time. All have 64k limits. */ .quad 0x00409a000000ffff /* 0xb8 APM CS code */ .quad 0x00009a000000ffff /* 0xc0 APM CS 16 code (16 bit) */ .quad 0x004092000000ffff /* 0xc8 APM DS data */ .quad 0x00c0920000000000 /* 0xd0 - ESPFIX SS */ .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* 0xd8 - PDA */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0xe0 - unused */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0xe8 - unused */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0xf0 - unused */ .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* 0xf8 - GDT entry 31: double-fault TSS */