summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/drivers/md/raid5.h
blob: f6faaa16a56501277f790d65aadbb2b24548df85 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
#ifndef _RAID5_H
#define _RAID5_H

#include <linux/raid/xor.h>
#include <linux/dmaengine.h>

/*
 *
 * Each stripe contains one buffer per device.  Each buffer can be in
 * one of a number of states stored in "flags".  Changes between
 * these states happen *almost* exclusively under the protection of the
 * STRIPE_ACTIVE flag.  Some very specific changes can happen in bi_end_io, and
 * these are not protected by STRIPE_ACTIVE.
 *
 * The flag bits that are used to represent these states are:
 *   R5_UPTODATE and R5_LOCKED
 *
 * State Empty == !UPTODATE, !LOCK
 *        We have no data, and there is no active request
 * State Want == !UPTODATE, LOCK
 *        A read request is being submitted for this block
 * State Dirty == UPTODATE, LOCK
 *        Some new data is in this buffer, and it is being written out
 * State Clean == UPTODATE, !LOCK
 *        We have valid data which is the same as on disc
 *
 * The possible state transitions are:
 *
 *  Empty -> Want   - on read or write to get old data for  parity calc
 *  Empty -> Dirty  - on compute_parity to satisfy write/sync request.
 *  Empty -> Clean  - on compute_block when computing a block for failed drive
 *  Want  -> Empty  - on failed read
 *  Want  -> Clean  - on successful completion of read request
 *  Dirty -> Clean  - on successful completion of write request
 *  Dirty -> Clean  - on failed write
 *  Clean -> Dirty  - on compute_parity to satisfy write/sync (RECONSTRUCT or RMW)
 *
 * The Want->Empty, Want->Clean, Dirty->Clean, transitions
 * all happen in b_end_io at interrupt time.
 * Each sets the Uptodate bit before releasing the Lock bit.
 * This leaves one multi-stage transition:
 *    Want->Dirty->Clean
 * This is safe because thinking that a Clean buffer is actually dirty
 * will at worst delay some action, and the stripe will be scheduled
 * for attention after the transition is complete.
 *
 * There is one possibility that is not covered by these states.  That
 * is if one drive has failed and there is a spare being rebuilt.  We
 * can't distinguish between a clean block that has been generated
 * from parity calculations, and a clean block that has been
 * successfully written to the spare ( or to parity when resyncing).
 * To distingush these states we have a stripe bit STRIPE_INSYNC that
 * is set whenever a write is scheduled to the spare, or to the parity
 * disc if there is no spare.  A sync request clears this bit, and
 * when we find it set with no buffers locked, we know the sync is
 * complete.
 *
 * Buffers for the md device that arrive via make_request are attached
 * to the appropriate stripe in one of two lists linked on b_reqnext.
 * One list (bh_read) for read requests, one (bh_write) for write.
 * There should never be more than one buffer on the two lists
 * together, but we are not guaranteed of that so we allow for more.
 *
 * If a buffer is on the read list when the associated cache buffer is
 * Uptodate, the data is copied into the read buffer and it's b_end_io
 * routine is called.  This may happen in the end_request routine only
 * if the buffer has just successfully been read.  end_request should
 * remove the buffers from the list and then set the Uptodate bit on
 * the buffer.  Other threads may do this only if they first check
 * that the Uptodate bit is set.  Once they have checked that they may
 * take buffers off the read queue.
 *
 * When a buffer on the write list is committed for write it is copied
 * into the cache buffer, which is then marked dirty, and moved onto a
 * third list, the written list (bh_written).  Once both the parity
 * block and the cached buffer are successfully written, any buffer on
 * a written list can be returned with b_end_io.
 *
 * The write list and read list both act as fifos.  The read list,
 * write list and written list are protected by the device_lock.
 * The device_lock is only for list manipulations and will only be
 * held for a very short time.  It can be claimed from interrupts.
 *
 *
 * Stripes in the stripe cache can be on one of two lists (or on
 * neither).  The "inactive_list" contains stripes which are not
 * currently being used for any request.  They can freely be reused
 * for another stripe.  The "handle_list" contains stripes that need
 * to be handled in some way.  Both of these are fifo queues.  Each
 * stripe is also (potentially) linked to a hash bucket in the hash
 * table so that it can be found by sector number.  Stripes that are
 * not hashed must be on the inactive_list, and will normally be at
 * the front.  All stripes start life this way.
 *
 * The inactive_list, handle_list and hash bucket lists are all protected by the
 * device_lock.
 *  - stripes have a reference counter. If count==0, they are on a list.
 *  - If a stripe might need handling, STRIPE_HANDLE is set.
 *  - When refcount reaches zero, then if STRIPE_HANDLE it is put on
 *    handle_list else inactive_list
 *
 * This, combined with the fact that STRIPE_HANDLE is only ever
 * cleared while a stripe has a non-zero count means that if the
 * refcount is 0 and STRIPE_HANDLE is set, then it is on the
 * handle_list and if recount is 0 and STRIPE_HANDLE is not set, then
 * the stripe is on inactive_list.
 *
 * The possible transitions are:
 *  activate an unhashed/inactive stripe (get_active_stripe())
 *     lockdev check-hash unlink-stripe cnt++ clean-stripe hash-stripe unlockdev
 *  activate a hashed, possibly active stripe (get_active_stripe())
 *     lockdev check-hash if(!cnt++)unlink-stripe unlockdev
 *  attach a request to an active stripe (add_stripe_bh())
 *     lockdev attach-buffer unlockdev
 *  handle a stripe (handle_stripe())
 *     setSTRIPE_ACTIVE,  clrSTRIPE_HANDLE ...
 *		(lockdev check-buffers unlockdev) ..
 *		change-state ..
 *		record io/ops needed clearSTRIPE_ACTIVE schedule io/ops
 *  release an active stripe (release_stripe())
 *     lockdev if (!--cnt) { if  STRIPE_HANDLE, add to handle_list else add to inactive-list } unlockdev
 *
 * The refcount counts each thread that have activated the stripe,
 * plus raid5d if it is handling it, plus one for each active request
 * on a cached buffer, and plus one if the stripe is undergoing stripe
 * operations.
 *
 * The stripe operations are:
 * -copying data between the stripe cache and user application buffers
 * -computing blocks to save a disk access, or to recover a missing block
 * -updating the parity on a write operation (reconstruct write and
 *  read-modify-write)
 * -checking parity correctness
 * -running i/o to disk
 * These operations are carried out by raid5_run_ops which uses the async_tx
 * api to (optionally) offload operations to dedicated hardware engines.
 * When requesting an operation handle_stripe sets the pending bit for the
 * operation and increments the count.  raid5_run_ops is then run whenever
 * the count is non-zero.
 * There are some critical dependencies between the operations that prevent some
 * from being requested while another is in flight.
 * 1/ Parity check operations destroy the in cache version of the parity block,
 *    so we prevent parity dependent operations like writes and compute_blocks
 *    from starting while a check is in progress.  Some dma engines can perform
 *    the check without damaging the parity block, in these cases the parity
 *    block is re-marked up to date (assuming the check was successful) and is
 *    not re-read from disk.
 * 2/ When a write operation is requested we immediately lock the affected
 *    blocks, and mark them as not up to date.  This causes new read requests
 *    to be held off, as well as parity checks and compute block operations.
 * 3/ Once a compute block operation has been requested handle_stripe treats
 *    that block as if it is up to date.  raid5_run_ops guaruntees that any
 *    operation that is dependent on the compute block result is initiated after
 *    the compute block completes.
 */

/*
 * Operations state - intermediate states that are visible outside of 
 *   STRIPE_ACTIVE.
 * In general _idle indicates nothing is running, _run indicates a data
 * processing operation is active, and _result means the data processing result
 * is stable and can be acted upon.  For simple operations like biofill and
 * compute that only have an _idle and _run state they are indicated with
 * sh->state flags (STRIPE_BIOFILL_RUN and STRIPE_COMPUTE_RUN)
 */
/**
 * enum check_states - handles syncing / repairing a stripe
 * @check_state_idle - check operations are quiesced
 * @check_state_run - check operation is running
 * @check_state_result - set outside lock when check result is valid
 * @check_state_compute_run - check failed and we are repairing
 * @check_state_compute_result - set outside lock when compute result is valid
 */
enum check_states {
	check_state_idle = 0,
	check_state_run, /* xor parity check */
	check_state_run_q, /* q-parity check */
	check_state_run_pq, /* pq dual parity check */
	check_state_check_result,
	check_state_compute_run, /* parity repair */
	check_state_compute_result,
};

/**
 * enum reconstruct_states - handles writing or expanding a stripe
 */
enum reconstruct_states {
	reconstruct_state_idle = 0,
	reconstruct_state_prexor_drain_run,	/* prexor-write */
	reconstruct_state_drain_run,		/* write */
	reconstruct_state_run,			/* expand */
	reconstruct_state_prexor_drain_result,
	reconstruct_state_drain_result,
	reconstruct_state_result,
};

struct stripe_head {
	struct hlist_node	hash;
	struct list_head	lru;	      /* inactive_list or handle_list */
	struct r5conf		*raid_conf;
	short			generation;	/* increments with every
						 * reshape */
	sector_t		sector;		/* sector of this row */
	short			pd_idx;		/* parity disk index */
	short			qd_idx;		/* 'Q' disk index for raid6 */
	short			ddf_layout;/* use DDF ordering to calculate Q */
	unsigned long		state;		/* state flags */
	atomic_t		count;	      /* nr of active thread/requests */
	int			bm_seq;	/* sequence number for bitmap flushes */
	int			disks;		/* disks in stripe */
	enum check_states	check_state;
	enum reconstruct_states reconstruct_state;
	/**
	 * struct stripe_operations
	 * @target - STRIPE_OP_COMPUTE_BLK target
	 * @target2 - 2nd compute target in the raid6 case
	 * @zero_sum_result - P and Q verification flags
	 * @request - async service request flags for raid_run_ops
	 */
	struct stripe_operations {
		int 		     target, target2;
		enum sum_check_flags zero_sum_result;
		#ifdef CONFIG_MULTICORE_RAID456
		unsigned long	     request;
		wait_queue_head_t    wait_for_ops;
		#endif
	} ops;
	struct r5dev {
		/* rreq and rvec are used for the replacement device when
		 * writing data to both devices.
		 */
		struct bio	req, rreq;
		struct bio_vec	vec, rvec;
		struct page	*page;
		struct bio	*toread, *read, *towrite, *written;
		sector_t	sector;			/* sector of this page */
		unsigned long	flags;
	} dev[1]; /* allocated with extra space depending of RAID geometry */
};

/* stripe_head_state - collects and tracks the dynamic state of a stripe_head
 *     for handle_stripe.
 */
struct stripe_head_state {
	int syncing, expanding, expanded;
	int locked, uptodate, to_read, to_write, failed, written;
	int to_fill, compute, req_compute, non_overwrite;
	int failed_num[2];
	int p_failed, q_failed;
	int dec_preread_active;
	unsigned long ops_request;

	struct bio *return_bi;
	struct md_rdev *blocked_rdev;
	int handle_bad_blocks;
};

/* Flags for struct r5dev.flags */
enum r5dev_flags {
	R5_UPTODATE,	/* page contains current data */
	R5_LOCKED,	/* IO has been submitted on "req" */
	R5_DOUBLE_LOCKED,/* Cannot clear R5_LOCKED until 2 writes complete */
	R5_OVERWRITE,	/* towrite covers whole page */
/* and some that are internal to handle_stripe */
	R5_Insync,	/* rdev && rdev->in_sync at start */
	R5_Wantread,	/* want to schedule a read */
	R5_Wantwrite,
	R5_Overlap,	/* There is a pending overlapping request
			 * on this block */
	R5_ReadError,	/* seen a read error here recently */
	R5_ReWrite,	/* have tried to over-write the readerror */

	R5_Expanded,	/* This block now has post-expand data */
	R5_Wantcompute,	/* compute_block in progress treat as
			 * uptodate
			 */
	R5_Wantfill,	/* dev->toread contains a bio that needs
			 * filling
			 */
	R5_Wantdrain,	/* dev->towrite needs to be drained */
	R5_WantFUA,	/* Write should be FUA */
	R5_WriteError,	/* got a write error - need to record it */
	R5_MadeGood,	/* A bad block has been fixed by writing to it */
	R5_ReadRepl,	/* Will/did read from replacement rather than orig */
	R5_MadeGoodRepl,/* A bad block on the replacement device has been
			 * fixed by writing to it */
};

/*
 * Stripe state
 */
enum {
	STRIPE_ACTIVE,
	STRIPE_HANDLE,
	STRIPE_SYNC_REQUESTED,
	STRIPE_SYNCING,
	STRIPE_INSYNC,
	STRIPE_PREREAD_ACTIVE,
	STRIPE_DELAYED,
	STRIPE_DEGRADED,
	STRIPE_BIT_DELAY,
	STRIPE_EXPANDING,
	STRIPE_EXPAND_SOURCE,
	STRIPE_EXPAND_READY,
	STRIPE_IO_STARTED,	/* do not count towards 'bypass_count' */
	STRIPE_FULL_WRITE,	/* all blocks are set to be overwritten */
	STRIPE_BIOFILL_RUN,
	STRIPE_COMPUTE_RUN,
	STRIPE_OPS_REQ_PENDING,
};

/*
 * Operation request flags
 */
enum {
	STRIPE_OP_BIOFILL,
	STRIPE_OP_COMPUTE_BLK,
	STRIPE_OP_PREXOR,
	STRIPE_OP_BIODRAIN,
	STRIPE_OP_RECONSTRUCT,
	STRIPE_OP_CHECK,
};
/*
 * Plugging:
 *
 * To improve write throughput, we need to delay the handling of some
 * stripes until there has been a chance that several write requests
 * for the one stripe have all been collected.
 * In particular, any write request that would require pre-reading
 * is put on a "delayed" queue until there are no stripes currently
 * in a pre-read phase.  Further, if the "delayed" queue is empty when
 * a stripe is put on it then we "plug" the queue and do not process it
 * until an unplug call is made. (the unplug_io_fn() is called).
 *
 * When preread is initiated on a stripe, we set PREREAD_ACTIVE and add
 * it to the count of prereading stripes.
 * When write is initiated, or the stripe refcnt == 0 (just in case) we
 * clear the PREREAD_ACTIVE flag and decrement the count
 * Whenever the 'handle' queue is empty and the device is not plugged, we
 * move any strips from delayed to handle and clear the DELAYED flag and set
 * PREREAD_ACTIVE.
 * In stripe_handle, if we find pre-reading is necessary, we do it if
 * PREREAD_ACTIVE is set, else we set DELAYED which will send it to the delayed queue.
 * HANDLE gets cleared if stripe_handle leaves nothing locked.
 */


struct disk_info {
	struct md_rdev	*rdev, *replacement;
};

struct r5conf {
	struct hlist_head	*stripe_hashtbl;
	struct mddev		*mddev;
	int			chunk_sectors;
	int			level, algorithm;
	int			max_degraded;
	int			raid_disks;
	int			max_nr_stripes;

	/* reshape_progress is the leading edge of a 'reshape'
	 * It has value MaxSector when no reshape is happening
	 * If delta_disks < 0, it is the last sector we started work on,
	 * else is it the next sector to work on.
	 */
	sector_t		reshape_progress;
	/* reshape_safe is the trailing edge of a reshape.  We know that
	 * before (or after) this address, all reshape has completed.
	 */
	sector_t		reshape_safe;
	int			previous_raid_disks;
	int			prev_chunk_sectors;
	int			prev_algo;
	short			generation; /* increments with every reshape */
	unsigned long		reshape_checkpoint; /* Time we last updated
						     * metadata */

	struct list_head	handle_list; /* stripes needing handling */
	struct list_head	hold_list; /* preread ready stripes */
	struct list_head	delayed_list; /* stripes that have plugged requests */
	struct list_head	bitmap_list; /* stripes delaying awaiting bitmap update */
	struct bio		*retry_read_aligned; /* currently retrying aligned bios   */
	struct bio		*retry_read_aligned_list; /* aligned bios retry list  */
	atomic_t		preread_active_stripes; /* stripes with scheduled io */
	atomic_t		active_aligned_reads;
	atomic_t		pending_full_writes; /* full write backlog */
	int			bypass_count; /* bypassed prereads */
	int			bypass_threshold; /* preread nice */
	struct list_head	*last_hold; /* detect hold_list promotions */

	atomic_t		reshape_stripes; /* stripes with pending writes for reshape */
	/* unfortunately we need two cache names as we temporarily have
	 * two caches.
	 */
	int			active_name;
	char			cache_name[2][32];
	struct kmem_cache		*slab_cache; /* for allocating stripes */

	int			seq_flush, seq_write;
	int			quiesce;

	int			fullsync;  /* set to 1 if a full sync is needed,
					    * (fresh device added).
					    * Cleared when a sync completes.
					    */
	int			recovery_disabled;
	/* per cpu variables */
	struct raid5_percpu {
		struct page	*spare_page; /* Used when checking P/Q in raid6 */
		void		*scribble;   /* space for constructing buffer
					      * lists and performing address
					      * conversions
					      */
	} __percpu *percpu;
	size_t			scribble_len; /* size of scribble region must be
					       * associated with conf to handle
					       * cpu hotplug while reshaping
					       */
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	struct notifier_block	cpu_notify;
#endif

	/*
	 * Free stripes pool
	 */
	atomic_t		active_stripes;
	struct list_head	inactive_list;
	wait_queue_head_t	wait_for_stripe;
	wait_queue_head_t	wait_for_overlap;
	int			inactive_blocked;	/* release of inactive stripes blocked,
							 * waiting for 25% to be free
							 */
	int			pool_size; /* number of disks in stripeheads in pool */
	spinlock_t		device_lock;
	struct disk_info	*disks;

	/* When taking over an array from a different personality, we store
	 * the new thread here until we fully activate the array.
	 */
	struct md_thread	*thread;
};

/*
 * Our supported algorithms
 */
#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC	0 /* Rotating Parity N with Data Restart */
#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC	1 /* Rotating Parity 0 with Data Restart */
#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC	2 /* Rotating Parity N with Data Continuation */
#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC	3 /* Rotating Parity 0 with Data Continuation */

/* Define non-rotating (raid4) algorithms.  These allow
 * conversion of raid4 to raid5.
 */
#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_0		4 /* P or P,Q are initial devices */
#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_N		5 /* P or P,Q are final devices. */

/* DDF RAID6 layouts differ from md/raid6 layouts in two ways.
 * Firstly, the exact positioning of the parity block is slightly
 * different between the 'LEFT_*' modes of md and the "_N_*" modes
 * of DDF.
 * Secondly, or order of datablocks over which the Q syndrome is computed
 * is different.
 * Consequently we have different layouts for DDF/raid6 than md/raid6.
 * These layouts are from the DDFv1.2 spec.
 * Interestingly DDFv1.2-Errata-A does not specify N_CONTINUE but
 * leaves RLQ=3 as 'Vendor Specific'
 */

#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_ZERO_RESTART	8 /* DDF PRL=6 RLQ=1 */
#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_RESTART	9 /* DDF PRL=6 RLQ=2 */
#define ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_CONTINUE	10 /*DDF PRL=6 RLQ=3 */


/* For every RAID5 algorithm we define a RAID6 algorithm
 * with exactly the same layout for data and parity, and
 * with the Q block always on the last device (N-1).
 * This allows trivial conversion from RAID5 to RAID6
 */
#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC_6	16
#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC_6	17
#define ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC_6	18
#define ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC_6	19
#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_0_6		20
#define ALGORITHM_PARITY_N_6		ALGORITHM_PARITY_N

static inline int algorithm_valid_raid5(int layout)
{
	return (layout >= 0) &&
		(layout <= 5);
}
static inline int algorithm_valid_raid6(int layout)
{
	return (layout >= 0 && layout <= 5)
		||
		(layout >= 8 && layout <= 10)
		||
		(layout >= 16 && layout <= 20);
}

static inline int algorithm_is_DDF(int layout)
{
	return layout >= 8 && layout <= 10;
}

extern int md_raid5_congested(struct mddev *mddev, int bits);
extern void md_raid5_kick_device(struct r5conf *conf);
extern int raid5_set_cache_size(struct mddev *mddev, int size);
#endif