path: root/kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c

/*
 * Generic ring buffer
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
 */
#include <linux/ring_buffer.h>
#include <linux/trace_clock.h>
#include <linux/ftrace_irq.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <asm/local.h>
#include "trace.h"

/*
 * The ring buffer header is special. We must manually up keep it.
 */
int ring_buffer_print_entry_header(struct trace_seq *s)
{
	int ret;

	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "# compressed entry header\n");
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\ttype_len    :    5 bits\n");
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\ttime_delta  :   27 bits\n");
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tarray       :   32 bits\n");
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\n");
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tpadding     : type == %d\n",
			       RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING);
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\ttime_extend : type == %d\n",
			       RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND);
	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tdata max type_len  == %d\n",
			       RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX);

	return ret;
}

/*
 * The ring buffer is made up of a list of pages. A separate list of pages is
 * allocated for each CPU. A writer may only write to a buffer that is
 * associated with the CPU it is currently executing on.  A reader may read
 * from any per cpu buffer.
 *
 * The reader is special. For each per cpu buffer, the reader has its own
 * reader page. When a reader has read the entire reader page, this reader
 * page is swapped with another page in the ring buffer.
 *
 * Now, as long as the writer is off the reader page, the reader can do what
 * ever it wants with that page. The writer will never write to that page
 * again (as long as it is out of the ring buffer).
 *
 * Here's some silly ASCII art.
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                   |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *                   +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                     ^               |
 *                     |               |
 *                     +---------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                   |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *                   +---+   +---+   +---+
 *                     ^               |
 *                     |               |
 *                     +---------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |reader|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      ^            |   |-->|   |-->|   |
 *      |            +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      |                              |
 *      |                              |
 *      +------------------------------+
 *
 *
 *   +------+
 *   |buffer|          RING BUFFER
 *   |page  |------------------v
 *   +------+        +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      ^            |   |   |   |-->|   |
 *      |   New      +---+   +---+   +---+
 *      |  Reader------^               |
 *      |   page                       |
 *      +------------------------------+
 *
 *
 * After we make this swap, the reader can hand this page off to the splice
 * code and be done with it. It can even allocate a new page if it needs to
 * and swap that into the ring buffer.
 *
 * We will be using cmpxchg soon to make all this lockless.
 *
 */

/*
 * A fast way to enable or disable all ring buffers is to
 * call tracing_on or tracing_off. Turning off the ring buffers
 * prevents all ring buffers from being recorded to.
 * Turning this switch on, makes it OK to write to the
 * ring buffer, if the ring buffer is enabled itself.
 *
 * There's three layers that must be on in order to write
 * to the ring buffer.
 *
 * 1) This global flag must be set.
 * 2) The ring buffer must be enabled for recording.
 * 3) The per cpu buffer must be enabled for recording.
 *
 * In case of an anomaly, this global flag has a bit set that
 * will permantly disable all ring buffers.
 */

/*
 * Global flag to disable all recording to ring buffers
 *  This has two bits: ON, DISABLED
 *
 *  ON   DISABLED
 * ---- ----------
 *   0      0        : ring buffers are off
 *   1      0        : ring buffers are on
 *   X      1        : ring buffers are permanently disabled
 */

enum {
	RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT	= 0,
	RB_BUFFERS_DISABLED_BIT	= 1,
};

enum {
	RB_BUFFERS_ON		= 1 << RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT,
	RB_BUFFERS_DISABLED	= 1 << RB_BUFFERS_DISABLED_BIT,
};

static unsigned long ring_buffer_flags __read_mostly = RB_BUFFERS_ON;

#define BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE offsetof(struct buffer_data_page, data)

/**
 * tracing_on - enable all tracing buffers
 *
 * This function enables all tracing buffers that may have been
 * disabled with tracing_off.
 */
void tracing_on(void)
{
	set_bit(RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT, &ring_buffer_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tracing_on);

/**
 * tracing_off - turn off all tracing buffers
 *
 * This function stops all tracing buffers from recording data.
 * It does not disable any overhead the tracers themselves may
 * be causing. This function simply causes all recording to
 * the ring buffers to fail.
 */
void tracing_off(void)
{
	clear_bit(RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT, &ring_buffer_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tracing_off);

/**
 * tracing_off_permanent - permanently disable ring buffers
 *
 * This function, once called, will disable all ring buffers
 * permanently.
 */
void tracing_off_permanent(void)
{
	set_bit(RB_BUFFERS_DISABLED_BIT, &ring_buffer_flags);
}

/**
 * tracing_is_on - show state of ring buffers enabled
 */
int tracing_is_on(void)
{
	return ring_buffer_flags == RB_BUFFERS_ON;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tracing_is_on);

#define RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE (offsetof(struct ring_buffer_event, array))
#define RB_ALIGNMENT		4U
#define RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA	(RB_ALIGNMENT * RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
#define RB_EVNT_MIN_SIZE	8U	/* two 32bit words */

#if !defined(CONFIG_64BIT) || defined(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
# define RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT	0
# define RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT		RB_ALIGNMENT
#else
# define RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT	1
# define RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT		8U
#endif

/* define RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA for 'case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:' */
#define RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA 0 ... RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX

enum {
	RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND = 8,
	RB_LEN_TIME_STAMP = 16,
};

static inline int rb_null_event(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	return event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING && !event->time_delta;
}

static void rb_event_set_padding(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	/* padding has a NULL time_delta */
	event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
	event->time_delta = 0;
}

static unsigned
rb_event_data_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned length;

	if (event->type_len)
		length = event->type_len * RB_ALIGNMENT;
	else
		length = event->array[0];
	return length + RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
}

/* inline for ring buffer fast paths */
static unsigned
rb_event_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	switch (event->type_len) {
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
		if (rb_null_event(event))
			/* undefined */
			return -1;
		return  event->array[0] + RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
		return RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		return RB_LEN_TIME_STAMP;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
		return rb_event_data_length(event);
	default:
		BUG();
	}
	/* not hit */
	return 0;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_event_length - return the length of the event
 * @event: the event to get the length of
 */
unsigned ring_buffer_event_length(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned length = rb_event_length(event);
	if (event->type_len > RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
		return length;
	length -= RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
	if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA + sizeof(event->array[0]))
                length -= sizeof(event->array[0]);
	return length;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_event_length);

/* inline for ring buffer fast paths */
static void *
rb_event_data(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	BUG_ON(event->type_len > RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX);
	/* If length is in len field, then array[0] has the data */
	if (event->type_len)
		return (void *)&event->array[0];
	/* Otherwise length is in array[0] and array[1] has the data */
	return (void *)&event->array[1];
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_event_data - return the data of the event
 * @event: the event to get the data from
 */
void *ring_buffer_event_data(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	return rb_event_data(event);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_event_data);

#define for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)		\
	for_each_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask)

#define TS_SHIFT	27
#define TS_MASK		((1ULL << TS_SHIFT) - 1)
#define TS_DELTA_TEST	(~TS_MASK)

/* Flag when events were overwritten */
#define RB_MISSED_EVENTS	(1 << 31)
/* Missed count stored at end */
#define RB_MISSED_STORED	(1 << 30)

struct buffer_data_page {
	u64		 time_stamp;	/* page time stamp */
	local_t		 commit;	/* write committed index */
	unsigned char	 data[];	/* data of buffer page */
};

/*
 * Note, the buffer_page list must be first. The buffer pages
 * are allocated in cache lines, which means that each buffer
 * page will be at the beginning of a cache line, and thus
 * the least significant bits will be zero. We use this to
 * add flags in the list struct pointers, to make the ring buffer
 * lockless.
 */
struct buffer_page {
	struct list_head list;		/* list of buffer pages */
	local_t		 write;		/* index for next write */
	unsigned	 read;		/* index for next read */
	local_t		 entries;	/* entries on this page */
	unsigned long	 real_end;	/* real end of data */
	struct buffer_data_page *page;	/* Actual data page */
};

/*
 * The buffer page counters, write and entries, must be reset
 * atomically when crossing page boundaries. To synchronize this
 * update, two counters are inserted into the number. One is
 * the actual counter for the write position or count on the page.
 *
 * The other is a counter of updaters. Before an update happens
 * the update partition of the counter is incremented. This will
 * allow the updater to update the counter atomically.
 *
 * The counter is 20 bits, and the state data is 12.
 */
#define RB_WRITE_MASK		0xfffff
#define RB_WRITE_INTCNT		(1 << 20)

static void rb_init_page(struct buffer_data_page *bpage)
{
	local_set(&bpage->commit, 0);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_page_len - the size of data on the page.
 * @page: The page to read
 *
 * Returns the amount of data on the page, including buffer page header.
 */
size_t ring_buffer_page_len(void *page)
{
	return local_read(&((struct buffer_data_page *)page)->commit)
		+ BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;
}

/*
 * Also stolen from mm/slob.c. Thanks to Mathieu Desnoyers for pointing
 * this issue out.
 */
static void free_buffer_page(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	free_page((unsigned long)bpage->page);
	kfree(bpage);
}

/*
 * We need to fit the time_stamp delta into 27 bits.
 */
static inline int test_time_stamp(u64 delta)
{
	if (delta & TS_DELTA_TEST)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

#define BUF_PAGE_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE - BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE)

/* Max payload is BUF_PAGE_SIZE - header (8bytes) */
#define BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - (sizeof(u32) * 2))

/* Max number of timestamps that can fit on a page */
#define RB_TIMESTAMPS_PER_PAGE	(BUF_PAGE_SIZE / RB_LEN_TIME_STAMP)

int ring_buffer_print_page_header(struct trace_seq *s)
{
	struct buffer_data_page field;
	int ret;

	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: u64 timestamp;\t"
			       "offset:0;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
			       (unsigned int)sizeof(field.time_stamp),
			       (unsigned int)is_signed_type(u64));

	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: local_t commit;\t"
			       "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
			       (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), commit),
			       (unsigned int)sizeof(field.commit),
			       (unsigned int)is_signed_type(long));

	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: int overwrite;\t"
			       "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
			       (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), commit),
			       1,
			       (unsigned int)is_signed_type(long));

	ret = trace_seq_printf(s, "\tfield: char data;\t"
			       "offset:%u;\tsize:%u;\tsigned:%u;\n",
			       (unsigned int)offsetof(typeof(field), data),
			       (unsigned int)BUF_PAGE_SIZE,
			       (unsigned int)is_signed_type(char));

	return ret;
}

/*
 * head_page == tail_page && head == tail then buffer is empty.
 */
struct ring_buffer_per_cpu {
	int				cpu;
	struct ring_buffer		*buffer;
	spinlock_t			reader_lock;	/* serialize readers */
	arch_spinlock_t			lock;
	struct lock_class_key		lock_key;
	struct list_head		*pages;
	struct buffer_page		*head_page;	/* read from head */
	struct buffer_page		*tail_page;	/* write to tail */
	struct buffer_page		*commit_page;	/* committed pages */
	struct buffer_page		*reader_page;
	unsigned long			lost_events;
	unsigned long			last_overrun;
	local_t				commit_overrun;
	local_t				overrun;
	local_t				entries;
	local_t				committing;
	local_t				commits;
	unsigned long			read;
	u64				write_stamp;
	u64				read_stamp;
	atomic_t			record_disabled;
};

struct ring_buffer {
	unsigned			pages;
	unsigned			flags;
	int				cpus;
	atomic_t			record_disabled;
	cpumask_var_t			cpumask;

	struct lock_class_key		*reader_lock_key;

	struct mutex			mutex;

	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu	**buffers;

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	struct notifier_block		cpu_notify;
#endif
	u64				(*clock)(void);
};

struct ring_buffer_iter {
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu	*cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long			head;
	struct buffer_page		*head_page;
	struct buffer_page		*cache_reader_page;
	unsigned long			cache_read;
	u64				read_stamp;
};

/* buffer may be either ring_buffer or ring_buffer_per_cpu */
#define RB_WARN_ON(b, cond)						\
	({								\
		int _____ret = unlikely(cond);				\
		if (_____ret) {						\
			if (__same_type(*(b), struct ring_buffer_per_cpu)) { \
				struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *__b =	\
					(void *)b;			\
				atomic_inc(&__b->buffer->record_disabled); \
			} else						\
				atomic_inc(&b->record_disabled);	\
			WARN_ON(1);					\
		}							\
		_____ret;						\
	})

/* Up this if you want to test the TIME_EXTENTS and normalization */
#define DEBUG_SHIFT 0

static inline u64 rb_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	/* shift to debug/test normalization and TIME_EXTENTS */
	return buffer->clock() << DEBUG_SHIFT;
}

u64 ring_buffer_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	u64 time;

	preempt_disable_notrace();
	time = rb_time_stamp(buffer);
	preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace();

	return time;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_time_stamp);

void ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
				      int cpu, u64 *ts)
{
	/* Just stupid testing the normalize function and deltas */
	*ts >>= DEBUG_SHIFT;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp);

/*
 * Making the ring buffer lockless makes things tricky.
 * Although writes only happen on the CPU that they are on,
 * and they only need to worry about interrupts. Reads can
 * happen on any CPU.
 *
 * The reader page is always off the ring buffer, but when the
 * reader finishes with a page, it needs to swap its page with
 * a new one from the buffer. The reader needs to take from
 * the head (writes go to the tail). But if a writer is in overwrite
 * mode and wraps, it must push the head page forward.
 *
 * Here lies the problem.
 *
 * The reader must be careful to replace only the head page, and
 * not another one. As described at the top of the file in the
 * ASCII art, the reader sets its old page to point to the next
 * page after head. It then sets the page after head to point to
 * the old reader page. But if the writer moves the head page
 * during this operation, the reader could end up with the tail.
 *
 * We use cmpxchg to help prevent this race. We also do something
 * special with the page before head. We set the LSB to 1.
 *
 * When the writer must push the page forward, it will clear the
 * bit that points to the head page, move the head, and then set
 * the bit that points to the new head page.
 *
 * We also don't want an interrupt coming in and moving the head
 * page on another writer. Thus we use the second LSB to catch
 * that too. Thus:
 *
 * head->list->prev->next        bit 1          bit 0
 *                              -------        -------
 * Normal page                     0              0
 * Points to head page             0              1
 * New head page                   1              0
 *
 * Note we can not trust the prev pointer of the head page, because:
 *
 * +----+       +-----+        +-----+
 * |    |------>|  T  |---X--->|  N  |
 * |    |<------|     |        |     |
 * +----+       +-----+        +-----+
 *   ^                           ^ |
 *   |          +-----+          | |
 *   +----------|  R  |----------+ |
 *              |     |<-----------+
 *              +-----+
 *
 * Key:  ---X-->  HEAD flag set in pointer
 *         T      Tail page
 *         R      Reader page
 *         N      Next page
 *
 * (see __rb_reserve_next() to see where this happens)
 *
 *  What the above shows is that the reader just swapped out
 *  the reader page with a page in the buffer, but before it
 *  could make the new header point back to the new page added
 *  it was preempted by a writer. The writer moved forward onto
 *  the new page added by the reader and is about to move forward
 *  again.
 *
 *  You can see, it is legitimate for the previous pointer of
 *  the head (or any page) not to point back to itself. But only
 *  temporarially.
 */

#define RB_PAGE_NORMAL		0UL
#define RB_PAGE_HEAD		1UL
#define RB_PAGE_UPDATE		2UL


#define RB_FLAG_MASK		3UL

/* PAGE_MOVED is not part of the mask */
#define RB_PAGE_MOVED		4UL

/*
 * rb_list_head - remove any bit
 */
static struct list_head *rb_list_head(struct list_head *list)
{
	unsigned long val = (unsigned long)list;

	return (struct list_head *)(val & ~RB_FLAG_MASK);
}

/*
 * rb_is_head_page - test if the given page is the head page
 *
 * Because the reader may move the head_page pointer, we can
 * not trust what the head page is (it may be pointing to
 * the reader page). But if the next page is a header page,
 * its flags will be non zero.
 */
static int inline
rb_is_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		struct buffer_page *page, struct list_head *list)
{
	unsigned long val;

	val = (unsigned long)list->next;

	if ((val & ~RB_FLAG_MASK) != (unsigned long)&page->list)
		return RB_PAGE_MOVED;

	return val & RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

/*
 * rb_is_reader_page
 *
 * The unique thing about the reader page, is that, if the
 * writer is ever on it, the previous pointer never points
 * back to the reader page.
 */
static int rb_is_reader_page(struct buffer_page *page)
{
	struct list_head *list = page->list.prev;

	return rb_list_head(list->next) != &page->list;
}

/*
 * rb_set_list_to_head - set a list_head to be pointing to head.
 */
static void rb_set_list_to_head(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
				struct list_head *list)
{
	unsigned long *ptr;

	ptr = (unsigned long *)&list->next;
	*ptr |= RB_PAGE_HEAD;
	*ptr &= ~RB_PAGE_UPDATE;
}

/*
 * rb_head_page_activate - sets up head page
 */
static void rb_head_page_activate(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct buffer_page *head;

	head = cpu_buffer->head_page;
	if (!head)
		return;

	/*
	 * Set the previous list pointer to have the HEAD flag.
	 */
	rb_set_list_to_head(cpu_buffer, head->list.prev);
}

static void rb_list_head_clear(struct list_head *list)
{
	unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)&list->next;

	*ptr &= ~RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

/*
 * rb_head_page_dactivate - clears head page ptr (for free list)
 */
static void
rb_head_page_deactivate(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct list_head *hd;

	/* Go through the whole list and clear any pointers found. */
	rb_list_head_clear(cpu_buffer->pages);

	list_for_each(hd, cpu_buffer->pages)
		rb_list_head_clear(hd);
}

static int rb_head_page_set(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			    struct buffer_page *head,
			    struct buffer_page *prev,
			    int old_flag, int new_flag)
{
	struct list_head *list;
	unsigned long val = (unsigned long)&head->list;
	unsigned long ret;

	list = &prev->list;

	val &= ~RB_FLAG_MASK;

	ret = cmpxchg((unsigned long *)&list->next,
		      val | old_flag, val | new_flag);

	/* check if the reader took the page */
	if ((ret & ~RB_FLAG_MASK) != val)
		return RB_PAGE_MOVED;

	return ret & RB_FLAG_MASK;
}

static int rb_head_page_set_update(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
				   struct buffer_page *head,
				   struct buffer_page *prev,
				   int old_flag)
{
	return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
				old_flag, RB_PAGE_UPDATE);
}

static int rb_head_page_set_head(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
				 struct buffer_page *head,
				 struct buffer_page *prev,
				 int old_flag)
{
	return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
				old_flag, RB_PAGE_HEAD);
}

static int rb_head_page_set_normal(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
				   struct buffer_page *head,
				   struct buffer_page *prev,
				   int old_flag)
{
	return rb_head_page_set(cpu_buffer, head, prev,
				old_flag, RB_PAGE_NORMAL);
}

static inline void rb_inc_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			       struct buffer_page **bpage)
{
	struct list_head *p = rb_list_head((*bpage)->list.next);

	*bpage = list_entry(p, struct buffer_page, list);
}

static struct buffer_page *
rb_set_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct buffer_page *head;
	struct buffer_page *page;
	struct list_head *list;
	int i;

	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !cpu_buffer->head_page))
		return NULL;

	/* sanity check */
	list = cpu_buffer->pages;
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->prev->next) != list))
		return NULL;

	page = head = cpu_buffer->head_page;
	/*
	 * It is possible that the writer moves the header behind
	 * where we started, and we miss in one loop.
	 * A second loop should grab the header, but we'll do
	 * three loops just because I'm paranoid.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		do {
			if (rb_is_head_page(cpu_buffer, page, page->list.prev)) {
				cpu_buffer->head_page = page;
				return page;
			}
			rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &page);
		} while (page != head);
	}

	RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);

	return NULL;
}

static int rb_head_page_replace(struct buffer_page *old,
				struct buffer_page *new)
{
	unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)&old->list.prev->next;
	unsigned long val;
	unsigned long ret;

	val = *ptr & ~RB_FLAG_MASK;
	val |= RB_PAGE_HEAD;

	ret = cmpxchg(ptr, val, (unsigned long)&new->list);

	return ret == val;
}

/*
 * rb_tail_page_update - move the tail page forward
 *
 * Returns 1 if moved tail page, 0 if someone else did.
 */
static int rb_tail_page_update(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			       struct buffer_page *tail_page,
			       struct buffer_page *next_page)
{
	struct buffer_page *old_tail;
	unsigned long old_entries;
	unsigned long old_write;
	int ret = 0;

	/*
	 * The tail page now needs to be moved forward.
	 *
	 * We need to reset the tail page, but without messing
	 * with possible erasing of data brought in by interrupts
	 * that have moved the tail page and are currently on it.
	 *
	 * We add a counter to the write field to denote this.
	 */
	old_write = local_add_return(RB_WRITE_INTCNT, &next_page->write);
	old_entries = local_add_return(RB_WRITE_INTCNT, &next_page->entries);

	/*
	 * Just make sure we have seen our old_write and synchronize
	 * with any interrupts that come in.
	 */
	barrier();

	/*
	 * If the tail page is still the same as what we think
	 * it is, then it is up to us to update the tail
	 * pointer.
	 */
	if (tail_page == cpu_buffer->tail_page) {
		/* Zero the write counter */
		unsigned long val = old_write & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;
		unsigned long eval = old_entries & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;

		/*
		 * This will only succeed if an interrupt did
		 * not come in and change it. In which case, we
		 * do not want to modify it.
		 *
		 * We add (void) to let the compiler know that we do not care
		 * about the return value of these functions. We use the
		 * cmpxchg to only update if an interrupt did not already
		 * do it for us. If the cmpxchg fails, we don't care.
		 */
		(void)local_cmpxchg(&next_page->write, old_write, val);
		(void)local_cmpxchg(&next_page->entries, old_entries, eval);

		/*
		 * No need to worry about races with clearing out the commit.
		 * it only can increment when a commit takes place. But that
		 * only happens in the outer most nested commit.
		 */
		local_set(&next_page->page->commit, 0);

		old_tail = cmpxchg(&cpu_buffer->tail_page,
				   tail_page, next_page);

		if (old_tail == tail_page)
			ret = 1;
	}

	return ret;
}

static int rb_check_bpage(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			  struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	unsigned long val = (unsigned long)bpage;

	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, val & RB_FLAG_MASK))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * rb_check_list - make sure a pointer to a list has the last bits zero
 */
static int rb_check_list(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			 struct list_head *list)
{
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->prev) != list->prev))
		return 1;
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, rb_list_head(list->next) != list->next))
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * check_pages - integrity check of buffer pages
 * @cpu_buffer: CPU buffer with pages to test
 *
 * As a safety measure we check to make sure the data pages have not
 * been corrupted.
 */
static int rb_check_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct list_head *head = cpu_buffer->pages;
	struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;

	rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, head->next->prev != head))
		return -1;
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, head->prev->next != head))
		return -1;

	if (rb_check_list(cpu_buffer, head))
		return -1;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, head, list) {
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
			       bpage->list.next->prev != &bpage->list))
			return -1;
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
			       bpage->list.prev->next != &bpage->list))
			return -1;
		if (rb_check_list(cpu_buffer, &bpage->list))
			return -1;
	}

	rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);

	return 0;
}

static int rb_allocate_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
			     unsigned nr_pages)
{
	struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;
	unsigned long addr;
	LIST_HEAD(pages);
	unsigned i;

	WARN_ON(!nr_pages);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage), cache_line_size()),
				    GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu_buffer->cpu));
		if (!bpage)
			goto free_pages;

		rb_check_bpage(cpu_buffer, bpage);

		list_add(&bpage->list, &pages);

		addr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!addr)
			goto free_pages;
		bpage->page = (void *)addr;
		rb_init_page(bpage->page);
	}

	/*
	 * The ring buffer page list is a circular list that does not
	 * start and end with a list head. All page list items point to
	 * other pages.
	 */
	cpu_buffer->pages = pages.next;
	list_del(&pages);

	rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);

	return 0;

 free_pages:
	list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, &pages, list) {
		list_del_init(&bpage->list);
		free_buffer_page(bpage);
	}
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *
rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct buffer_page *bpage;
	unsigned long addr;
	int ret;

	cpu_buffer = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*cpu_buffer), cache_line_size()),
				  GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
	if (!cpu_buffer)
		return NULL;

	cpu_buffer->cpu = cpu;
	cpu_buffer->buffer = buffer;
	spin_lock_init(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	lockdep_set_class(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, buffer->reader_lock_key);
	cpu_buffer->lock = (arch_spinlock_t)__ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;

	bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage), cache_line_size()),
			    GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
	if (!bpage)
		goto fail_free_buffer;

	rb_check_bpage(cpu_buffer, bpage);

	cpu_buffer->reader_page = bpage;
	addr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!addr)
		goto fail_free_reader;
	bpage->page = (void *)addr;
	rb_init_page(bpage->page);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);

	ret = rb_allocate_pages(cpu_buffer, buffer->pages);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto fail_free_reader;

	cpu_buffer->head_page
		= list_entry(cpu_buffer->pages, struct buffer_page, list);
	cpu_buffer->tail_page = cpu_buffer->commit_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;

	rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);

	return cpu_buffer;

 fail_free_reader:
	free_buffer_page(cpu_buffer->reader_page);

 fail_free_buffer:
	kfree(cpu_buffer);
	return NULL;
}

static void rb_free_cpu_buffer(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct list_head *head = cpu_buffer->pages;
	struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;

	free_buffer_page(cpu_buffer->reader_page);

	rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

	if (head) {
		list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, head, list) {
			list_del_init(&bpage->list);
			free_buffer_page(bpage);
		}
		bpage = list_entry(head, struct buffer_page, list);
		free_buffer_page(bpage);
	}

	kfree(cpu_buffer);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int rb_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
			 unsigned long action, void *hcpu);
#endif

/**
 * ring_buffer_alloc - allocate a new ring_buffer
 * @size: the size in bytes per cpu that is needed.
 * @flags: attributes to set for the ring buffer.
 *
 * Currently the only flag that is available is the RB_FL_OVERWRITE
 * flag. This flag means that the buffer will overwrite old data
 * when the buffer wraps. If this flag is not set, the buffer will
 * drop data when the tail hits the head.
 */
struct ring_buffer *__ring_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size, unsigned flags,
					struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct ring_buffer *buffer;
	int bsize;
	int cpu;

	/* keep it in its own cache line */
	buffer = kzalloc(ALIGN(sizeof(*buffer), cache_line_size()),
			 GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!buffer)
		return NULL;

	if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&buffer->cpumask, GFP_KERNEL))
		goto fail_free_buffer;

	buffer->pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BUF_PAGE_SIZE);
	buffer->flags = flags;
	buffer->clock = trace_clock_local;
	buffer->reader_lock_key = key;

	/* need at least two pages */
	if (buffer->pages < 2)
		buffer->pages = 2;

	/*
	 * In case of non-hotplug cpu, if the ring-buffer is allocated
	 * in early initcall, it will not be notified of secondary cpus.
	 * In that off case, we need to allocate for all possible cpus.
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	get_online_cpus();
	cpumask_copy(buffer->cpumask, cpu_online_mask);
#else
	cpumask_copy(buffer->cpumask, cpu_possible_mask);
#endif
	buffer->cpus = nr_cpu_ids;

	bsize = sizeof(void *) * nr_cpu_ids;
	buffer->buffers = kzalloc(ALIGN(bsize, cache_line_size()),
				  GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!buffer->buffers)
		goto fail_free_cpumask;

	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		buffer->buffers[cpu] =
			rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(buffer, cpu);
		if (!buffer->buffers[cpu])
			goto fail_free_buffers;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	buffer->cpu_notify.notifier_call = rb_cpu_notify;
	buffer->cpu_notify.priority = 0;
	register_cpu_notifier(&buffer->cpu_notify);
#endif

	put_online_cpus();
	mutex_init(&buffer->mutex);

	return buffer;

 fail_free_buffers:
	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		if (buffer->buffers[cpu])
			rb_free_cpu_buffer(buffer->buffers[cpu]);
	}
	kfree(buffer->buffers);

 fail_free_cpumask:
	free_cpumask_var(buffer->cpumask);
	put_online_cpus();

 fail_free_buffer:
	kfree(buffer);
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__ring_buffer_alloc);

/**
 * ring_buffer_free - free a ring buffer.
 * @buffer: the buffer to free.
 */
void
ring_buffer_free(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	int cpu;

	get_online_cpus();

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	unregister_cpu_notifier(&buffer->cpu_notify);
#endif

	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)
		rb_free_cpu_buffer(buffer->buffers[cpu]);

	put_online_cpus();

	kfree(buffer->buffers);
	free_cpumask_var(buffer->cpumask);

	kfree(buffer);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_free);

void ring_buffer_set_clock(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
			   u64 (*clock)(void))
{
	buffer->clock = clock;
}

static void rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer);

static void
rb_remove_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer, unsigned nr_pages)
{
	struct buffer_page *bpage;
	struct list_head *p;
	unsigned i;

	spin_lock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, list_empty(cpu_buffer->pages)))
			goto out;
		p = cpu_buffer->pages->next;
		bpage = list_entry(p, struct buffer_page, list);
		list_del_init(&bpage->list);
		free_buffer_page(bpage);
	}
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, list_empty(cpu_buffer->pages)))
		goto out;

	rb_reset_cpu(cpu_buffer);
	rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);

out:
	spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
}

static void
rb_insert_pages(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
{
	struct buffer_page *bpage;
	struct list_head *p;
	unsigned i;

	spin_lock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, list_empty(pages)))
			goto out;
		p = pages->next;
		bpage = list_entry(p, struct buffer_page, list);
		list_del_init(&bpage->list);
		list_add_tail(&bpage->list, cpu_buffer->pages);
	}
	rb_reset_cpu(cpu_buffer);
	rb_check_pages(cpu_buffer);

out:
	spin_unlock_irq(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_resize - resize the ring buffer
 * @buffer: the buffer to resize.
 * @size: the new size.
 *
 * Minimum size is 2 * BUF_PAGE_SIZE.
 *
 * Returns -1 on failure.
 */
int ring_buffer_resize(struct ring_buffer *buffer, unsigned long size)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned nr_pages, rm_pages, new_pages;
	struct buffer_page *bpage, *tmp;
	unsigned long buffer_size;
	unsigned long addr;
	LIST_HEAD(pages);
	int i, cpu;

	/*
	 * Always succeed at resizing a non-existent buffer:
	 */
	if (!buffer)
		return size;

	size = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BUF_PAGE_SIZE);
	size *= BUF_PAGE_SIZE;
	buffer_size = buffer->pages * BUF_PAGE_SIZE;

	/* we need a minimum of two pages */
	if (size < BUF_PAGE_SIZE * 2)
		size = BUF_PAGE_SIZE * 2;

	if (size == buffer_size)
		return size;

	atomic_inc(&buffer->record_disabled);

	/* Make sure all writers are done with this buffer. */
	synchronize_sched();

	mutex_lock(&buffer->mutex);
	get_online_cpus();

	nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, BUF_PAGE_SIZE);

	if (size < buffer_size) {

		/* easy case, just free pages */
		if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, nr_pages >= buffer->pages))
			goto out_fail;

		rm_pages = buffer->pages - nr_pages;

		for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
			cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
			rb_remove_pages(cpu_buffer, rm_pages);
		}
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * This is a bit more difficult. We only want to add pages
	 * when we can allocate enough for all CPUs. We do this
	 * by allocating all the pages and storing them on a local
	 * link list. If we succeed in our allocation, then we
	 * add these pages to the cpu_buffers. Otherwise we just free
	 * them all and return -ENOMEM;
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, nr_pages <= buffer->pages))
		goto out_fail;

	new_pages = nr_pages - buffer->pages;

	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		for (i = 0; i < new_pages; i++) {
			bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage),
						  cache_line_size()),
					    GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
			if (!bpage)
				goto free_pages;
			list_add(&bpage->list, &pages);
			addr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
			if (!addr)
				goto free_pages;
			bpage->page = (void *)addr;
			rb_init_page(bpage->page);
		}
	}

	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
		rb_insert_pages(cpu_buffer, &pages, new_pages);
	}

	if (RB_WARN_ON(buffer, !list_empty(&pages)))
		goto out_fail;

 out:
	buffer->pages = nr_pages;
	put_online_cpus();
	mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);

	atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);

	return size;

 free_pages:
	list_for_each_entry_safe(bpage, tmp, &pages, list) {
		list_del_init(&bpage->list);
		free_buffer_page(bpage);
	}
	put_online_cpus();
	mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);
	atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);
	return -ENOMEM;

	/*
	 * Something went totally wrong, and we are too paranoid
	 * to even clean up the mess.
	 */
 out_fail:
	put_online_cpus();
	mutex_unlock(&buffer->mutex);
	atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);
	return -1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_resize);

static inline void *
__rb_data_page_index(struct buffer_data_page *bpage, unsigned index)
{
	return bpage->data + index;
}

static inline void *__rb_page_index(struct buffer_page *bpage, unsigned index)
{
	return bpage->page->data + index;
}

static inline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_reader_event(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	return __rb_page_index(cpu_buffer->reader_page,
			       cpu_buffer->reader_page->read);
}

static inline struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_iter_head_event(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	return __rb_page_index(iter->head_page, iter->head);
}

static inline unsigned long rb_page_write(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	return local_read(&bpage->write) & RB_WRITE_MASK;
}

static inline unsigned rb_page_commit(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	return local_read(&bpage->page->commit);
}

static inline unsigned long rb_page_entries(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	return local_read(&bpage->entries) & RB_WRITE_MASK;
}

/* Size is determined by what has been commited */
static inline unsigned rb_page_size(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
	return rb_page_commit(bpage);
}

static inline unsigned
rb_commit_index(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	return rb_page_commit(cpu_buffer->commit_page);
}

static inline unsigned
rb_event_index(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;

	return (addr & ~PAGE_MASK) - BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;
}

static inline int
rb_event_is_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		   struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;
	unsigned long index;

	index = rb_event_index(event);
	addr &= PAGE_MASK;

	return cpu_buffer->commit_page->page == (void *)addr &&
		rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer) == index;
}

static void
rb_set_commit_to_write(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	unsigned long max_count;

	/*
	 * We only race with interrupts and NMIs on this CPU.
	 * If we own the commit event, then we can commit
	 * all others that interrupted us, since the interruptions
	 * are in stack format (they finish before they come
	 * back to us). This allows us to do a simple loop to
	 * assign the commit to the tail.
	 */
 again:
	max_count = cpu_buffer->buffer->pages * 100;

	while (cpu_buffer->commit_page != cpu_buffer->tail_page) {
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !(--max_count)))
			return;
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
			       rb_is_reader_page(cpu_buffer->tail_page)))
			return;
		local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit,
			  rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page));
		rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->commit_page);
		cpu_buffer->write_stamp =
			cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->time_stamp;
		/* add barrier to keep gcc from optimizing too much */
		barrier();
	}
	while (rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer) !=
	       rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page)) {

		local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit,
			  rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->commit_page));
		RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
			   local_read(&cpu_buffer->commit_page->page->commit) &
			   ~RB_WRITE_MASK);
		barrier();
	}

	/* again, keep gcc from optimizing */
	barrier();

	/*
	 * If an interrupt came in just after the first while loop
	 * and pushed the tail page forward, we will be left with
	 * a dangling commit that will never go forward.
	 */
	if (unlikely(cpu_buffer->commit_page != cpu_buffer->tail_page))
		goto again;
}

static void rb_reset_reader_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	cpu_buffer->read_stamp = cpu_buffer->reader_page->page->time_stamp;
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->read = 0;
}

static void rb_inc_iter(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	/*
	 * The iterator could be on the reader page (it starts there).
	 * But the head could have moved, since the reader was
	 * found. Check for this case and assign the iterator
	 * to the head page instead of next.
	 */
	if (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
		iter->head_page = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
	else
		rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &iter->head_page);

	iter->read_stamp = iter->head_page->page->time_stamp;
	iter->head = 0;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_update_event - update event type and data
 * @event: the even to update
 * @type: the type of event
 * @length: the size of the event field in the ring buffer
 *
 * Update the type and data fields of the event. The length
 * is the actual size that is written to the ring buffer,
 * and with this, we can determine what to place into the
 * data field.
 */
static void
rb_update_event(struct ring_buffer_event *event,
			 unsigned type, unsigned length)
{
	event->type_len = type;

	switch (type) {

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		break;

	case 0:
		length -= RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
		if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA || RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT)
			event->array[0] = length;
		else
			event->type_len = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, RB_ALIGNMENT);
		break;
	default:
		BUG();
	}
}

/*
 * rb_handle_head_page - writer hit the head page
 *
 * Returns: +1 to retry page
 *           0 to continue
 *          -1 on error
 */
static int
rb_handle_head_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		    struct buffer_page *tail_page,
		    struct buffer_page *next_page)
{
	struct buffer_page *new_head;
	int entries;
	int type;
	int ret;

	entries = rb_page_entries(next_page);

	/*
	 * The hard part is here. We need to move the head
	 * forward, and protect against both readers on
	 * other CPUs and writers coming in via interrupts.
	 */
	type = rb_head_page_set_update(cpu_buffer, next_page, tail_page,
				       RB_PAGE_HEAD);

	/*
	 * type can be one of four:
	 *  NORMAL - an interrupt already moved it for us
	 *  HEAD   - we are the first to get here.
	 *  UPDATE - we are the interrupt interrupting
	 *           a current move.
	 *  MOVED  - a reader on another CPU moved the next
	 *           pointer to its reader page. Give up
	 *           and try again.
	 */

	switch (type) {
	case RB_PAGE_HEAD:
		/*
		 * We changed the head to UPDATE, thus
		 * it is our responsibility to update
		 * the counters.
		 */
		local_add(entries, &cpu_buffer->overrun);

		/*
		 * The entries will be zeroed out when we move the
		 * tail page.
		 */

		/* still more to do */
		break;

	case RB_PAGE_UPDATE:
		/*
		 * This is an interrupt that interrupt the
		 * previous update. Still more to do.
		 */
		break;
	case RB_PAGE_NORMAL:
		/*
		 * An interrupt came in before the update
		 * and processed this for us.
		 * Nothing left to do.
		 */
		return 1;
	case RB_PAGE_MOVED:
		/*
		 * The reader is on another CPU and just did
		 * a swap with our next_page.
		 * Try again.
		 */
		return 1;
	default:
		RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1); /* WTF??? */
		return -1;
	}

	/*
	 * Now that we are here, the old head pointer is
	 * set to UPDATE. This will keep the reader from
	 * swapping the head page with the reader page.
	 * The reader (on another CPU) will spin till
	 * we are finished.
	 *
	 * We just need to protect against interrupts
	 * doing the job. We will set the next pointer
	 * to HEAD. After that, we set the old pointer
	 * to NORMAL, but only if it was HEAD before.
	 * otherwise we are an interrupt, and only
	 * want the outer most commit to reset it.
	 */
	new_head = next_page;
	rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &new_head);

	ret = rb_head_page_set_head(cpu_buffer, new_head, next_page,
				    RB_PAGE_NORMAL);

	/*
	 * Valid returns are:
	 *  HEAD   - an interrupt came in and already set it.
	 *  NORMAL - One of two things:
	 *            1) We really set it.
	 *            2) A bunch of interrupts came in and moved
	 *               the page forward again.
	 */
	switch (ret) {
	case RB_PAGE_HEAD:
	case RB_PAGE_NORMAL:
		/* OK */
		break;
	default:
		RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
		return -1;
	}

	/*
	 * It is possible that an interrupt came in,
	 * set the head up, then more interrupts came in
	 * and moved it again. When we get back here,
	 * the page would have been set to NORMAL but we
	 * just set it back to HEAD.
	 *
	 * How do you detect this? Well, if that happened
	 * the tail page would have moved.
	 */
	if (ret == RB_PAGE_NORMAL) {
		/*
		 * If the tail had moved passed next, then we need
		 * to reset the pointer.
		 */
		if (cpu_buffer->tail_page != tail_page &&
		    cpu_buffer->tail_page != next_page)
			rb_head_page_set_normal(cpu_buffer, new_head,
						next_page,
						RB_PAGE_HEAD);
	}

	/*
	 * If this was the outer most commit (the one that
	 * changed the original pointer from HEAD to UPDATE),
	 * then it is up to us to reset it to NORMAL.
	 */
	if (type == RB_PAGE_HEAD) {
		ret = rb_head_page_set_normal(cpu_buffer, next_page,
					      tail_page,
					      RB_PAGE_UPDATE);
		if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
			       ret != RB_PAGE_UPDATE))
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static unsigned rb_calculate_event_length(unsigned length)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event event; /* Used only for sizeof array */

	/* zero length can cause confusions */
	if (!length)
		length = 1;

	if (length > RB_MAX_SMALL_DATA || RB_FORCE_8BYTE_ALIGNMENT)
		length += sizeof(event.array[0]);

	length += RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
	length = ALIGN(length, RB_ARCH_ALIGNMENT);

	return length;
}

static inline void
rb_reset_tail(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
	      struct buffer_page *tail_page,
	      unsigned long tail, unsigned long length)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;

	/*
	 * Only the event that crossed the page boundary
	 * must fill the old tail_page with padding.
	 */
	if (tail >= BUF_PAGE_SIZE) {
		/*
		 * If the page was filled, then we still need
		 * to update the real_end. Reset it to zero
		 * and the reader will ignore it.
		 */
		if (tail == BUF_PAGE_SIZE)
			tail_page->real_end = 0;

		local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
		return;
	}

	event = __rb_page_index(tail_page, tail);
	kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(event, bitfield);

	/*
	 * Save the original length to the meta data.
	 * This will be used by the reader to add lost event
	 * counter.
	 */
	tail_page->real_end = tail;

	/*
	 * If this event is bigger than the minimum size, then
	 * we need to be careful that we don't subtract the
	 * write counter enough to allow another writer to slip
	 * in on this page.
	 * We put in a discarded commit instead, to make sure
	 * that this space is not used again.
	 *
	 * If we are less than the minimum size, we don't need to
	 * worry about it.
	 */
	if (tail > (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - RB_EVNT_MIN_SIZE)) {
		/* No room for any events */

		/* Mark the rest of the page with padding */
		rb_event_set_padding(event);

		/* Set the write back to the previous setting */
		local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
		return;
	}

	/* Put in a discarded event */
	event->array[0] = (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - tail) - RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
	event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
	/* time delta must be non zero */
	event->time_delta = 1;

	/* Set write to end of buffer */
	length = (tail + length) - BUF_PAGE_SIZE;
	local_sub(length, &tail_page->write);
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_move_tail(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
	     unsigned long length, unsigned long tail,
	     struct buffer_page *tail_page, u64 *ts)
{
	struct buffer_page *commit_page = cpu_buffer->commit_page;
	struct ring_buffer *buffer = cpu_buffer->buffer;
	struct buffer_page *next_page;
	int ret;

	next_page = tail_page;

	rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &next_page);

	/*
	 * If for some reason, we had an interrupt storm that made
	 * it all the way around the buffer, bail, and warn
	 * about it.
	 */
	if (unlikely(next_page == commit_page)) {
		local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);
		goto out_reset;
	}

	/*
	 * This is where the fun begins!
	 *
	 * We are fighting against races between a reader that
	 * could be on another CPU trying to swap its reader
	 * page with the buffer head.
	 *
	 * We are also fighting against interrupts coming in and
	 * moving the head or tail on us as well.
	 *
	 * If the next page is the head page then we have filled
	 * the buffer, unless the commit page is still on the
	 * reader page.
	 */
	if (rb_is_head_page(cpu_buffer, next_page, &tail_page->list)) {

		/*
		 * If the commit is not on the reader page, then
		 * move the header page.
		 */
		if (!rb_is_reader_page(cpu_buffer->commit_page)) {
			/*
			 * If we are not in overwrite mode,
			 * this is easy, just stop here.
			 */
			if (!(buffer->flags & RB_FL_OVERWRITE))
				goto out_reset;

			ret = rb_handle_head_page(cpu_buffer,
						  tail_page,
						  next_page);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto out_reset;
			if (ret)
				goto out_again;
		} else {
			/*
			 * We need to be careful here too. The
			 * commit page could still be on the reader
			 * page. We could have a small buffer, and
			 * have filled up the buffer with events
			 * from interrupts and such, and wrapped.
			 *
			 * Note, if the tail page is also the on the
			 * reader_page, we let it move out.
			 */
			if (unlikely((cpu_buffer->commit_page !=
				      cpu_buffer->tail_page) &&
				     (cpu_buffer->commit_page ==
				      cpu_buffer->reader_page))) {
				local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);
				goto out_reset;
			}
		}
	}

	ret = rb_tail_page_update(cpu_buffer, tail_page, next_page);
	if (ret) {
		/*
		 * Nested commits always have zero deltas, so
		 * just reread the time stamp
		 */
		*ts = rb_time_stamp(buffer);
		next_page->page->time_stamp = *ts;
	}

 out_again:

	rb_reset_tail(cpu_buffer, tail_page, tail, length);

	/* fail and let the caller try again */
	return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);

 out_reset:
	/* reset write */
	rb_reset_tail(cpu_buffer, tail_page, tail, length);

	return NULL;
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
__rb_reserve_next(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		  unsigned type, unsigned long length, u64 *ts)
{
	struct buffer_page *tail_page;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	unsigned long tail, write;

	tail_page = cpu_buffer->tail_page;
	write = local_add_return(length, &tail_page->write);

	/* set write to only the index of the write */
	write &= RB_WRITE_MASK;
	tail = write - length;

	/* See if we shot pass the end of this buffer page */
	if (write > BUF_PAGE_SIZE)
		return rb_move_tail(cpu_buffer, length, tail,
				    tail_page, ts);

	/* We reserved something on the buffer */

	event = __rb_page_index(tail_page, tail);
	kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(event, bitfield);
	rb_update_event(event, type, length);

	/* The passed in type is zero for DATA */
	if (likely(!type))
		local_inc(&tail_page->entries);

	/*
	 * If this is the first commit on the page, then update
	 * its timestamp.
	 */
	if (!tail)
		tail_page->page->time_stamp = *ts;

	return event;
}

static inline int
rb_try_to_discard(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		  struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned long new_index, old_index;
	struct buffer_page *bpage;
	unsigned long index;
	unsigned long addr;

	new_index = rb_event_index(event);
	old_index = new_index + rb_event_length(event);
	addr = (unsigned long)event;
	addr &= PAGE_MASK;

	bpage = cpu_buffer->tail_page;

	if (bpage->page == (void *)addr && rb_page_write(bpage) == old_index) {
		unsigned long write_mask =
			local_read(&bpage->write) & ~RB_WRITE_MASK;
		/*
		 * This is on the tail page. It is possible that
		 * a write could come in and move the tail page
		 * and write to the next page. That is fine
		 * because we just shorten what is on this page.
		 */
		old_index += write_mask;
		new_index += write_mask;
		index = local_cmpxchg(&bpage->write, old_index, new_index);
		if (index == old_index)
			return 1;
	}

	/* could not discard */
	return 0;
}

static int
rb_add_time_stamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		  u64 *ts, u64 *delta)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	int ret;

	WARN_ONCE(*delta > (1ULL << 59),
		  KERN_WARNING "Delta way too big! %llu ts=%llu write stamp = %llu\n",
		  (unsigned long long)*delta,
		  (unsigned long long)*ts,
		  (unsigned long long)cpu_buffer->write_stamp);

	/*
	 * The delta is too big, we to add a
	 * new timestamp.
	 */
	event = __rb_reserve_next(cpu_buffer,
				  RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND,
				  RB_LEN_TIME_EXTEND,
				  ts);
	if (!event)
		return -EBUSY;

	if (PTR_ERR(event) == -EAGAIN)
		return -EAGAIN;

	/* Only a commited time event can update the write stamp */
	if (rb_event_is_commit(cpu_buffer, event)) {
		/*
		 * If this is the first on the page, then it was
		 * updated with the page itself. Try to discard it
		 * and if we can't just make it zero.
		 */
		if (rb_event_index(event)) {
			event->time_delta = *delta & TS_MASK;
			event->array[0] = *delta >> TS_SHIFT;
		} else {
			/* try to discard, since we do not need this */
			if (!rb_try_to_discard(cpu_buffer, event)) {
				/* nope, just zero it */
				event->time_delta = 0;
				event->array[0] = 0;
			}
		}
		cpu_buffer->write_stamp = *ts;
		/* let the caller know this was the commit */
		ret = 1;
	} else {
		/* Try to discard the event */
		if (!rb_try_to_discard(cpu_buffer, event)) {
			/* Darn, this is just wasted space */
			event->time_delta = 0;
			event->array[0] = 0;
		}
		ret = 0;
	}

	*delta = 0;

	return ret;
}

static void rb_start_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	local_inc(&cpu_buffer->committing);
	local_inc(&cpu_buffer->commits);
}

static void rb_end_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	unsigned long commits;

	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
		       !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))
		return;

 again:
	commits = local_read(&cpu_buffer->commits);
	/* synchronize with interrupts */
	barrier();
	if (local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing) == 1)
		rb_set_commit_to_write(cpu_buffer);

	local_dec(&cpu_buffer->committing);

	/* synchronize with interrupts */
	barrier();

	/*
	 * Need to account for interrupts coming in between the
	 * updating of the commit page and the clearing of the
	 * committing counter.
	 */
	if (unlikely(local_read(&cpu_buffer->commits) != commits) &&
	    !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)) {
		local_inc(&cpu_buffer->committing);
		goto again;
	}
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_reserve_next_event(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
		      struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		      unsigned long length)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	u64 ts, delta = 0;
	int commit = 0;
	int nr_loops = 0;

	rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);

#ifdef CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP
	/*
	 * Due to the ability to swap a cpu buffer from a buffer
	 * it is possible it was swapped before we committed.
	 * (committing stops a swap). We check for it here and
	 * if it happened, we have to fail the write.
	 */
	barrier();
	if (unlikely(ACCESS_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer) != buffer)) {
		local_dec(&cpu_buffer->committing);
		local_dec(&cpu_buffer->commits);
		return NULL;
	}
#endif

	length = rb_calculate_event_length(length);
 again:
	/*
	 * We allow for interrupts to reenter here and do a trace.
	 * If one does, it will cause this original code to loop
	 * back here. Even with heavy interrupts happening, this
	 * should only happen a few times in a row. If this happens
	 * 1000 times in a row, there must be either an interrupt
	 * storm or we have something buggy.
	 * Bail!
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 1000))
		goto out_fail;

	ts = rb_time_stamp(cpu_buffer->buffer);

	/*
	 * Only the first commit can update the timestamp.
	 * Yes there is a race here. If an interrupt comes in
	 * just after the conditional and it traces too, then it
	 * will also check the deltas. More than one timestamp may
	 * also be made. But only the entry that did the actual
	 * commit will be something other than zero.
	 */
	if (likely(cpu_buffer->tail_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page &&
		   rb_page_write(cpu_buffer->tail_page) ==
		   rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer))) {
		u64 diff;

		diff = ts - cpu_buffer->write_stamp;

		/* make sure this diff is calculated here */
		barrier();

		/* Did the write stamp get updated already? */
		if (unlikely(ts < cpu_buffer->write_stamp))
			goto get_event;

		delta = diff;
		if (unlikely(test_time_stamp(delta))) {

			commit = rb_add_time_stamp(cpu_buffer, &ts, &delta);
			if (commit == -EBUSY)
				goto out_fail;

			if (commit == -EAGAIN)
				goto again;

			RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, commit < 0);
		}
	}

 get_event:
	event = __rb_reserve_next(cpu_buffer, 0, length, &ts);
	if (unlikely(PTR_ERR(event) == -EAGAIN))
		goto again;

	if (!event)
		goto out_fail;

	if (!rb_event_is_commit(cpu_buffer, event))
		delta = 0;

	event->time_delta = delta;

	return event;

 out_fail:
	rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);
	return NULL;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING

#define TRACE_RECURSIVE_DEPTH 16

static int trace_recursive_lock(void)
{
	current->trace_recursion++;

	if (likely(current->trace_recursion < TRACE_RECURSIVE_DEPTH))
		return 0;

	/* Disable all tracing before we do anything else */
	tracing_off_permanent();

	printk_once(KERN_WARNING "Tracing recursion: depth[%ld]:"
		    "HC[%lu]:SC[%lu]:NMI[%lu]\n",
		    current->trace_recursion,
		    hardirq_count() >> HARDIRQ_SHIFT,
		    softirq_count() >> SOFTIRQ_SHIFT,
		    in_nmi());

	WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
	return -1;
}

static void trace_recursive_unlock(void)
{
	WARN_ON_ONCE(!current->trace_recursion);

	current->trace_recursion--;
}

#else

#define trace_recursive_lock()		(0)
#define trace_recursive_unlock()	do { } while (0)

#endif

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, rb_need_resched);

/**
 * ring_buffer_lock_reserve - reserve a part of the buffer
 * @buffer: the ring buffer to reserve from
 * @length: the length of the data to reserve (excluding event header)
 *
 * Returns a reseverd event on the ring buffer to copy directly to.
 * The user of this interface will need to get the body to write into
 * and can use the ring_buffer_event_data() interface.
 *
 * The length is the length of the data needed, not the event length
 * which also includes the event header.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_unlock_commit, unless NULL is returned.
 * If NULL is returned, then nothing has been allocated or locked.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_lock_reserve(struct ring_buffer *buffer, unsigned long length)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	int cpu, resched;

	if (ring_buffer_flags != RB_BUFFERS_ON)
		return NULL;

	/* If we are tracing schedule, we don't want to recurse */
	resched = ftrace_preempt_disable();

	if (atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled))
		goto out_nocheck;

	if (trace_recursive_lock())
		goto out_nocheck;

	cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		goto out;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

	if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	if (length > BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE)
		goto out;

	event = rb_reserve_next_event(buffer, cpu_buffer, length);
	if (!event)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * Need to store resched state on this cpu.
	 * Only the first needs to.
	 */

	if (preempt_count() == 1)
		per_cpu(rb_need_resched, cpu) = resched;

	return event;

 out:
	trace_recursive_unlock();

 out_nocheck:
	ftrace_preempt_enable(resched);
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_lock_reserve);

static void
rb_update_write_stamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		      struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	/*
	 * The event first in the commit queue updates the
	 * time stamp.
	 */
	if (rb_event_is_commit(cpu_buffer, event))
		cpu_buffer->write_stamp += event->time_delta;
}

static void rb_commit(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		      struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	local_inc(&cpu_buffer->entries);
	rb_update_write_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);
	rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_unlock_commit - commit a reserved
 * @buffer: The buffer to commit to
 * @event: The event pointer to commit.
 *
 * This commits the data to the ring buffer, and releases any locks held.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_lock_reserve.
 */
int ring_buffer_unlock_commit(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
			      struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

	rb_commit(cpu_buffer, event);

	trace_recursive_unlock();

	/*
	 * Only the last preempt count needs to restore preemption.
	 */
	if (preempt_count() == 1)
		ftrace_preempt_enable(per_cpu(rb_need_resched, cpu));
	else
		preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace();

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_unlock_commit);

static inline void rb_event_discard(struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	/* array[0] holds the actual length for the discarded event */
	event->array[0] = rb_event_data_length(event) - RB_EVNT_HDR_SIZE;
	event->type_len = RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING;
	/* time delta must be non zero */
	if (!event->time_delta)
		event->time_delta = 1;
}

/*
 * Decrement the entries to the page that an event is on.
 * The event does not even need to exist, only the pointer
 * to the page it is on. This may only be called before the commit
 * takes place.
 */
static inline void
rb_decrement_entry(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		   struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)event;
	struct buffer_page *bpage = cpu_buffer->commit_page;
	struct buffer_page *start;

	addr &= PAGE_MASK;

	/* Do the likely case first */
	if (likely(bpage->page == (void *)addr)) {
		local_dec(&bpage->entries);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Because the commit page may be on the reader page we
	 * start with the next page and check the end loop there.
	 */
	rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &bpage);
	start = bpage;
	do {
		if (bpage->page == (void *)addr) {
			local_dec(&bpage->entries);
			return;
		}
		rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &bpage);
	} while (bpage != start);

	/* commit not part of this buffer?? */
	RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_commit_discard - discard an event that has not been committed
 * @buffer: the ring buffer
 * @event: non committed event to discard
 *
 * Sometimes an event that is in the ring buffer needs to be ignored.
 * This function lets the user discard an event in the ring buffer
 * and then that event will not be read later.
 *
 * This function only works if it is called before the the item has been
 * committed. It will try to free the event from the ring buffer
 * if another event has not been added behind it.
 *
 * If another event has been added behind it, it will set the event
 * up as discarded, and perform the commit.
 *
 * If this function is called, do not call ring_buffer_unlock_commit on
 * the event.
 */
void ring_buffer_discard_commit(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
				struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	int cpu;

	/* The event is discarded regardless */
	rb_event_discard(event);

	cpu = smp_processor_id();
	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

	/*
	 * This must only be called if the event has not been
	 * committed yet. Thus we can assume that preemption
	 * is still disabled.
	 */
	RB_WARN_ON(buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing));

	rb_decrement_entry(cpu_buffer, event);
	if (rb_try_to_discard(cpu_buffer, event))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * The commit is still visible by the reader, so we
	 * must still update the timestamp.
	 */
	rb_update_write_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);
 out:
	rb_end_commit(cpu_buffer);

	trace_recursive_unlock();

	/*
	 * Only the last preempt count needs to restore preemption.
	 */
	if (preempt_count() == 1)
		ftrace_preempt_enable(per_cpu(rb_need_resched, cpu));
	else
		preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace();

}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_discard_commit);

/**
 * ring_buffer_write - write data to the buffer without reserving
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to write to.
 * @length: The length of the data being written (excluding the event header)
 * @data: The data to write to the buffer.
 *
 * This is like ring_buffer_lock_reserve and ring_buffer_unlock_commit as
 * one function. If you already have the data to write to the buffer, it
 * may be easier to simply call this function.
 *
 * Note, like ring_buffer_lock_reserve, the length is the length of the data
 * and not the length of the event which would hold the header.
 */
int ring_buffer_write(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
			unsigned long length,
			void *data)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	void *body;
	int ret = -EBUSY;
	int cpu, resched;

	if (ring_buffer_flags != RB_BUFFERS_ON)
		return -EBUSY;

	resched = ftrace_preempt_disable();

	if (atomic_read(&buffer->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		goto out;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

	if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	if (length > BUF_MAX_DATA_SIZE)
		goto out;

	event = rb_reserve_next_event(buffer, cpu_buffer, length);
	if (!event)
		goto out;

	body = rb_event_data(event);

	memcpy(body, data, length);

	rb_commit(cpu_buffer, event);

	ret = 0;
 out:
	ftrace_preempt_enable(resched);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_write);

static int rb_per_cpu_empty(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct buffer_page *reader = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
	struct buffer_page *head = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
	struct buffer_page *commit = cpu_buffer->commit_page;

	/* In case of error, head will be NULL */
	if (unlikely(!head))
		return 1;

	return reader->read == rb_page_commit(reader) &&
		(commit == reader ||
		 (commit == head &&
		  head->read == rb_page_commit(commit)));
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_disable - stop all writes into the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to stop writes to.
 *
 * This prevents all writes to the buffer. Any attempt to write
 * to the buffer after this will fail and return NULL.
 *
 * The caller should call synchronize_sched() after this.
 */
void ring_buffer_record_disable(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	atomic_inc(&buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_disable);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_enable - enable writes to the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to enable writes
 *
 * Note, multiple disables will need the same number of enables
 * to truly enable the writing (much like preempt_disable).
 */
void ring_buffer_record_enable(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	atomic_dec(&buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_enable);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu - stop all writes into the cpu_buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to stop writes to.
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to stop
 *
 * This prevents all writes to the buffer. Any attempt to write
 * to the buffer after this will fail and return NULL.
 *
 * The caller should call synchronize_sched() after this.
 */
void ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu - enable writes to the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to enable writes
 * @cpu: The CPU to enable.
 *
 * Note, multiple disables will need the same number of enables
 * to truly enable the writing (much like preempt_disable).
 */
void ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_record_enable_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_entries_cpu - get the number of entries in a cpu buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the entries from.
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_entries_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long ret;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return 0;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	ret = (local_read(&cpu_buffer->entries) - local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun))
		- cpu_buffer->read;

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_entries_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_overrun_cpu - get the number of overruns in a cpu_buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of overruns from
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_overrun_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long ret;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return 0;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_overrun_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu - get the number of overruns caused by commits
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The per CPU buffer to get the number of overruns from
 */
unsigned long
ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long ret;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return 0;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	ret = local_read(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_commit_overrun_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_entries - get the number of entries in a buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 *
 * Returns the total number of entries in the ring buffer
 * (all CPU entries)
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_entries(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long entries = 0;
	int cpu;

	/* if you care about this being correct, lock the buffer */
	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
		entries += (local_read(&cpu_buffer->entries) -
			    local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun)) - cpu_buffer->read;
	}

	return entries;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_entries);

/**
 * ring_buffer_overruns - get the number of overruns in buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 *
 * Returns the total number of overruns in the ring buffer
 * (all CPU entries)
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_overruns(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long overruns = 0;
	int cpu;

	/* if you care about this being correct, lock the buffer */
	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
		overruns += local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun);
	}

	return overruns;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_overruns);

static void rb_iter_reset(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	/* Iterator usage is expected to have record disabled */
	if (list_empty(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->list)) {
		iter->head_page = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
		if (unlikely(!iter->head_page))
			return;
		iter->head = iter->head_page->read;
	} else {
		iter->head_page = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
		iter->head = cpu_buffer->reader_page->read;
	}
	if (iter->head)
		iter->read_stamp = cpu_buffer->read_stamp;
	else
		iter->read_stamp = iter->head_page->page->time_stamp;
	iter->cache_reader_page = cpu_buffer->reader_page;
	iter->cache_read = cpu_buffer->read;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_reset - reset an iterator
 * @iter: The iterator to reset
 *
 * Resets the iterator, so that it will start from the beginning
 * again.
 */
void ring_buffer_iter_reset(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (!iter)
		return;

	cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
	rb_iter_reset(iter);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_reset);

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_empty - check if an iterator has no more to read
 * @iter: The iterator to check
 */
int ring_buffer_iter_empty(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;

	cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	return iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page &&
		iter->head == rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_empty);

static void
rb_update_read_stamp(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
		     struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	u64 delta;

	switch (event->type_len) {
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
		delta = event->array[0];
		delta <<= TS_SHIFT;
		delta += event->time_delta;
		cpu_buffer->read_stamp += delta;
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		/* FIXME: not implemented */
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
		cpu_buffer->read_stamp += event->time_delta;
		return;

	default:
		BUG();
	}
	return;
}

static void
rb_update_iter_read_stamp(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter,
			  struct ring_buffer_event *event)
{
	u64 delta;

	switch (event->type_len) {
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
		delta = event->array[0];
		delta <<= TS_SHIFT;
		delta += event->time_delta;
		iter->read_stamp += delta;
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		/* FIXME: not implemented */
		return;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
		iter->read_stamp += event->time_delta;
		return;

	default:
		BUG();
	}
	return;
}

static struct buffer_page *
rb_get_reader_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct buffer_page *reader = NULL;
	unsigned long overwrite;
	unsigned long flags;
	int nr_loops = 0;
	int ret;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

 again:
	/*
	 * This should normally only loop twice. But because the
	 * start of the reader inserts an empty page, it causes
	 * a case where we will loop three times. There should be no
	 * reason to loop four times (that I know of).
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > 3)) {
		reader = NULL;
		goto out;
	}

	reader = cpu_buffer->reader_page;

	/* If there's more to read, return this page */
	if (cpu_buffer->reader_page->read < rb_page_size(reader))
		goto out;

	/* Never should we have an index greater than the size */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
		       cpu_buffer->reader_page->read > rb_page_size(reader)))
		goto out;

	/* check if we caught up to the tail */
	reader = NULL;
	if (cpu_buffer->commit_page == cpu_buffer->reader_page)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * Reset the reader page to size zero.
	 */
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->write, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->entries, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->page->commit, 0);
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->real_end = 0;

 spin:
	/*
	 * Splice the empty reader page into the list around the head.
	 */
	reader = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->list.next = rb_list_head(reader->list.next);
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->list.prev = reader->list.prev;

	/*
	 * cpu_buffer->pages just needs to point to the buffer, it
	 *  has no specific buffer page to point to. Lets move it out
	 *  of our way so we don't accidently swap it.
	 */
	cpu_buffer->pages = reader->list.prev;

	/* The reader page will be pointing to the new head */
	rb_set_list_to_head(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);

	/*
	 * We want to make sure we read the overruns after we set up our
	 * pointers to the next object. The writer side does a
	 * cmpxchg to cross pages which acts as the mb on the writer
	 * side. Note, the reader will constantly fail the swap
	 * while the writer is updating the pointers, so this
	 * guarantees that the overwrite recorded here is the one we
	 * want to compare with the last_overrun.
	 */
	smp_mb();
	overwrite = local_read(&(cpu_buffer->overrun));

	/*
	 * Here's the tricky part.
	 *
	 * We need to move the pointer past the header page.
	 * But we can only do that if a writer is not currently
	 * moving it. The page before the header page has the
	 * flag bit '1' set if it is pointing to the page we want.
	 * but if the writer is in the process of moving it
	 * than it will be '2' or already moved '0'.
	 */

	ret = rb_head_page_replace(reader, cpu_buffer->reader_page);

	/*
	 * If we did not convert it, then we must try again.
	 */
	if (!ret)
		goto spin;

	/*
	 * Yeah! We succeeded in replacing the page.
	 *
	 * Now make the new head point back to the reader page.
	 */
	rb_list_head(reader->list.next)->prev = &cpu_buffer->reader_page->list;
	rb_inc_page(cpu_buffer, &cpu_buffer->head_page);

	/* Finally update the reader page to the new head */
	cpu_buffer->reader_page = reader;
	rb_reset_reader_page(cpu_buffer);

	if (overwrite != cpu_buffer->last_overrun) {
		cpu_buffer->lost_events = overwrite - cpu_buffer->last_overrun;
		cpu_buffer->last_overrun = overwrite;
	}

	goto again;

 out:
	arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

	return reader;
}

static void rb_advance_reader(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	struct buffer_page *reader;
	unsigned length;

	reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);

	/* This function should not be called when buffer is empty */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !reader))
		return;

	event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

	if (event->type_len <= RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA_TYPE_LEN_MAX)
		cpu_buffer->read++;

	rb_update_read_stamp(cpu_buffer, event);

	length = rb_event_length(event);
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->read += length;
}

static void rb_advance_iter(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer *buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	unsigned length;

	cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
	buffer = cpu_buffer->buffer;

	/*
	 * Check if we are at the end of the buffer.
	 */
	if (iter->head >= rb_page_size(iter->head_page)) {
		/* discarded commits can make the page empty */
		if (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page)
			return;
		rb_inc_iter(iter);
		return;
	}

	event = rb_iter_head_event(iter);

	length = rb_event_length(event);

	/*
	 * This should not be called to advance the header if we are
	 * at the tail of the buffer.
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer,
		       (iter->head_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page) &&
		       (iter->head + length > rb_commit_index(cpu_buffer))))
		return;

	rb_update_iter_read_stamp(iter, event);

	iter->head += length;

	/* check for end of page padding */
	if ((iter->head >= rb_page_size(iter->head_page)) &&
	    (iter->head_page != cpu_buffer->commit_page))
		rb_advance_iter(iter);
}

static int rb_lost_events(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	return cpu_buffer->lost_events;
}

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_buffer_peek(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer, u64 *ts,
	       unsigned long *lost_events)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	struct buffer_page *reader;
	int nr_loops = 0;

 again:
	/*
	 * We repeat when a timestamp is encountered. It is possible
	 * to get multiple timestamps from an interrupt entering just
	 * as one timestamp is about to be written, or from discarded
	 * commits. The most that we can have is the number on a single page.
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > RB_TIMESTAMPS_PER_PAGE))
		return NULL;

	reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);
	if (!reader)
		return NULL;

	event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

	switch (event->type_len) {
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
		if (rb_null_event(event))
			RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, 1);
		/*
		 * Because the writer could be discarding every
		 * event it creates (which would probably be bad)
		 * if we were to go back to "again" then we may never
		 * catch up, and will trigger the warn on, or lock
		 * the box. Return the padding, and we will release
		 * the current locks, and try again.
		 */
		return event;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
		/* Internal data, OK to advance */
		rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
		goto again;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		/* FIXME: not implemented */
		rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
		goto again;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
		if (ts) {
			*ts = cpu_buffer->read_stamp + event->time_delta;
			ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(cpu_buffer->buffer,
							 cpu_buffer->cpu, ts);
		}
		if (lost_events)
			*lost_events = rb_lost_events(cpu_buffer);
		return event;

	default:
		BUG();
	}

	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_peek);

static struct ring_buffer_event *
rb_iter_peek(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
	struct ring_buffer *buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	int nr_loops = 0;

	cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
	buffer = cpu_buffer->buffer;

	/*
	 * Check if someone performed a consuming read to
	 * the buffer. A consuming read invalidates the iterator
	 * and we need to reset the iterator in this case.
	 */
	if (unlikely(iter->cache_read != cpu_buffer->read ||
		     iter->cache_reader_page != cpu_buffer->reader_page))
		rb_iter_reset(iter);

 again:
	if (ring_buffer_iter_empty(iter))
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * We repeat when a timestamp is encountered.
	 * We can get multiple timestamps by nested interrupts or also
	 * if filtering is on (discarding commits). Since discarding
	 * commits can be frequent we can get a lot of timestamps.
	 * But we limit them by not adding timestamps if they begin
	 * at the start of a page.
	 */
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, ++nr_loops > RB_TIMESTAMPS_PER_PAGE))
		return NULL;

	if (rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer))
		return NULL;

	if (iter->head >= local_read(&iter->head_page->page->commit)) {
		rb_inc_iter(iter);
		goto again;
	}

	event = rb_iter_head_event(iter);

	switch (event->type_len) {
	case RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING:
		if (rb_null_event(event)) {
			rb_inc_iter(iter);
			goto again;
		}
		rb_advance_iter(iter);
		return event;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTEND:
		/* Internal data, OK to advance */
		rb_advance_iter(iter);
		goto again;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP:
		/* FIXME: not implemented */
		rb_advance_iter(iter);
		goto again;

	case RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA:
		if (ts) {
			*ts = iter->read_stamp + event->time_delta;
			ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp(buffer,
							 cpu_buffer->cpu, ts);
		}
		return event;

	default:
		BUG();
	}

	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_iter_peek);

static inline int rb_ok_to_lock(void)
{
	/*
	 * If an NMI die dumps out the content of the ring buffer
	 * do not grab locks. We also permanently disable the ring
	 * buffer too. A one time deal is all you get from reading
	 * the ring buffer from an NMI.
	 */
	if (likely(!in_nmi()))
		return 1;

	tracing_off_permanent();
	return 0;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_peek - peek at the next event to be read
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to read
 * @cpu: The cpu to peak at
 * @ts: The timestamp counter of this event.
 * @lost_events: a variable to store if events were lost (may be NULL)
 *
 * This will return the event that will be read next, but does
 * not consume the data.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_peek(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, u64 *ts,
		 unsigned long *lost_events)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	unsigned long flags;
	int dolock;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return NULL;

	dolock = rb_ok_to_lock();
 again:
	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (dolock)
		spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	event = rb_buffer_peek(cpu_buffer, ts, lost_events);
	if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
		rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
	if (dolock)
		spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

	if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
		goto again;

	return event;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_iter_peek - peek at the next event to be read
 * @iter: The ring buffer iterator
 * @ts: The timestamp counter of this event.
 *
 * This will return the event that will be read next, but does
 * not increment the iterator.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_iter_peek(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	unsigned long flags;

 again:
	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
	event = rb_iter_peek(iter, ts);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

	if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
		goto again;

	return event;
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_consume - return an event and consume it
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to get the next event from
 * @cpu: the cpu to read the buffer from
 * @ts: a variable to store the timestamp (may be NULL)
 * @lost_events: a variable to store if events were lost (may be NULL)
 *
 * Returns the next event in the ring buffer, and that event is consumed.
 * Meaning, that sequential reads will keep returning a different event,
 * and eventually empty the ring buffer if the producer is slower.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_consume(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu, u64 *ts,
		    unsigned long *lost_events)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_event *event = NULL;
	unsigned long flags;
	int dolock;

	dolock = rb_ok_to_lock();

 again:
	/* might be called in atomic */
	preempt_disable();

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		goto out;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (dolock)
		spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);

	event = rb_buffer_peek(cpu_buffer, ts, lost_events);
	if (event) {
		cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
		rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
	}

	if (dolock)
		spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

 out:
	preempt_enable();

	if (event && event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
		goto again;

	return event;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_consume);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_prepare - Prepare for a non consuming read of the buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to read from
 * @cpu: The cpu buffer to iterate over
 *
 * This performs the initial preparations necessary to iterate
 * through the buffer.  Memory is allocated, buffer recording
 * is disabled, and the iterator pointer is returned to the caller.
 *
 * Disabling buffer recordng prevents the reading from being
 * corrupted. This is not a consuming read, so a producer is not
 * expected.
 *
 * After a sequence of ring_buffer_read_prepare calls, the user is
 * expected to make at least one call to ring_buffer_prepare_sync.
 * Afterwards, ring_buffer_read_start is invoked to get things going
 * for real.
 *
 * This overall must be paired with ring_buffer_finish.
 */
struct ring_buffer_iter *
ring_buffer_read_prepare(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	struct ring_buffer_iter *iter;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return NULL;

	iter = kmalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!iter)
		return NULL;

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];

	iter->cpu_buffer = cpu_buffer;

	atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);

	return iter;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_prepare);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync - Synchronize a set of prepare calls
 *
 * All previously invoked ring_buffer_read_prepare calls to prepare
 * iterators will be synchronized.  Afterwards, read_buffer_read_start
 * calls on those iterators are allowed.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync(void)
{
	synchronize_sched();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_start - start a non consuming read of the buffer
 * @iter: The iterator returned by ring_buffer_read_prepare
 *
 * This finalizes the startup of an iteration through the buffer.
 * The iterator comes from a call to ring_buffer_read_prepare and
 * an intervening ring_buffer_read_prepare_sync must have been
 * performed.
 *
 * Must be paired with ring_buffer_finish.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_start(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (!iter)
		return;

	cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
	arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
	rb_iter_reset(iter);
	arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_start);

/**
 * ring_buffer_finish - finish reading the iterator of the buffer
 * @iter: The iterator retrieved by ring_buffer_start
 *
 * This re-enables the recording to the buffer, and frees the
 * iterator.
 */
void
ring_buffer_read_finish(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;

	atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
	kfree(iter);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_finish);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read - read the next item in the ring buffer by the iterator
 * @iter: The ring buffer iterator
 * @ts: The time stamp of the event read.
 *
 * This reads the next event in the ring buffer and increments the iterator.
 */
struct ring_buffer_event *
ring_buffer_read(struct ring_buffer_iter *iter, u64 *ts)
{
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = iter->cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
 again:
	event = rb_iter_peek(iter, ts);
	if (!event)
		goto out;

	if (event->type_len == RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING)
		goto again;

	rb_advance_iter(iter);
 out:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

	return event;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read);

/**
 * ring_buffer_size - return the size of the ring buffer (in bytes)
 * @buffer: The ring buffer.
 */
unsigned long ring_buffer_size(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	return BUF_PAGE_SIZE * buffer->pages;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_size);

static void
rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
	rb_head_page_deactivate(cpu_buffer);

	cpu_buffer->head_page
		= list_entry(cpu_buffer->pages, struct buffer_page, list);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->write, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->entries, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->head_page->page->commit, 0);

	cpu_buffer->head_page->read = 0;

	cpu_buffer->tail_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;
	cpu_buffer->commit_page = cpu_buffer->head_page;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->list);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->write, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->entries, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->reader_page->page->commit, 0);
	cpu_buffer->reader_page->read = 0;

	local_set(&cpu_buffer->commit_overrun, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->overrun, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->entries, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->committing, 0);
	local_set(&cpu_buffer->commits, 0);
	cpu_buffer->read = 0;

	cpu_buffer->write_stamp = 0;
	cpu_buffer->read_stamp = 0;

	cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
	cpu_buffer->last_overrun = 0;

	rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);
}

/**
 * ring_buffer_reset_cpu - reset a ring buffer per CPU buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to reset a per cpu buffer of
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to be reset
 */
void ring_buffer_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	unsigned long flags;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return;

	atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))
		goto out;

	arch_spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

	rb_reset_cpu(cpu_buffer);

	arch_spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->lock);

 out:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

	atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer->record_disabled);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_reset_cpu);

/**
 * ring_buffer_reset - reset a ring buffer
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to reset all cpu buffers
 */
void ring_buffer_reset(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	int cpu;

	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu)
		ring_buffer_reset_cpu(buffer, cpu);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_reset);

/**
 * rind_buffer_empty - is the ring buffer empty?
 * @buffer: The ring buffer to test
 */
int ring_buffer_empty(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long flags;
	int dolock;
	int cpu;
	int ret;

	dolock = rb_ok_to_lock();

	/* yes this is racy, but if you don't like the race, lock the buffer */
	for_each_buffer_cpu(buffer, cpu) {
		cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
		local_irq_save(flags);
		if (dolock)
			spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
		ret = rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer);
		if (dolock)
			spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
		local_irq_restore(flags);

		if (!ret)
			return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_empty);

/**
 * ring_buffer_empty_cpu - is a cpu buffer of a ring buffer empty?
 * @buffer: The ring buffer
 * @cpu: The CPU buffer to test
 */
int ring_buffer_empty_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
	unsigned long flags;
	int dolock;
	int ret;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		return 1;

	dolock = rb_ok_to_lock();

	cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (dolock)
		spin_lock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	ret = rb_per_cpu_empty(cpu_buffer);
	if (dolock)
		spin_unlock(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_empty_cpu);

#ifdef CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP
/**
 * ring_buffer_swap_cpu - swap a CPU buffer between two ring buffers
 * @buffer_a: One buffer to swap with
 * @buffer_b: The other buffer to swap with
 *
 * This function is useful for tracers that want to take a "snapshot"
 * of a CPU buffer and has another back up buffer lying around.
 * it is expected that the tracer handles the cpu buffer not being
 * used at the moment.
 */
int ring_buffer_swap_cpu(struct ring_buffer *buffer_a,
			 struct ring_buffer *buffer_b, int cpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer_a;
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer_b;
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer_a->cpumask) ||
	    !cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer_b->cpumask))
		goto out;

	/* At least make sure the two buffers are somewhat the same */
	if (buffer_a->pages != buffer_b->pages)
		goto out;

	ret = -EAGAIN;

	if (ring_buffer_flags != RB_BUFFERS_ON)
		goto out;

	if (atomic_read(&buffer_a->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	if (atomic_read(&buffer_b->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	cpu_buffer_a = buffer_a->buffers[cpu];
	cpu_buffer_b = buffer_b->buffers[cpu];

	if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	if (atomic_read(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * We can't do a synchronize_sched here because this
	 * function can be called in atomic context.
	 * Normally this will be called from the same CPU as cpu.
	 * If not it's up to the caller to protect this.
	 */
	atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled);
	atomic_inc(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled);

	ret = -EBUSY;
	if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing))
		goto out_dec;
	if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing))
		goto out_dec;

	buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;
	buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;

	cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a;
	cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b;

	ret = 0;

out_dec:
	atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer_a->record_disabled);
	atomic_dec(&cpu_buffer_b->record_disabled);
out:
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_swap_cpu);
#endif /* CONFIG_RING_BUFFER_ALLOW_SWAP */

/**
 * ring_buffer_alloc_read_page - allocate a page to read from buffer
 * @buffer: the buffer to allocate for.
 *
 * This function is used in conjunction with ring_buffer_read_page.
 * When reading a full page from the ring buffer, these functions
 * can be used to speed up the process. The calling function should
 * allocate a few pages first with this function. Then when it
 * needs to get pages from the ring buffer, it passes the result
 * of this function into ring_buffer_read_page, which will swap
 * the page that was allocated, with the read page of the buffer.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  The page allocated, or NULL on error.
 */
void *ring_buffer_alloc_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer)
{
	struct buffer_data_page *bpage;
	unsigned long addr;

	addr = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!addr)
		return NULL;

	bpage = (void *)addr;

	rb_init_page(bpage);

	return bpage;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_alloc_read_page);

/**
 * ring_buffer_free_read_page - free an allocated read page
 * @buffer: the buffer the page was allocate for
 * @data: the page to free
 *
 * Free a page allocated from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page.
 */
void ring_buffer_free_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer, void *data)
{
	free_page((unsigned long)data);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_free_read_page);

/**
 * ring_buffer_read_page - extract a page from the ring buffer
 * @buffer: buffer to extract from
 * @data_page: the page to use allocated from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page
 * @len: amount to extract
 * @cpu: the cpu of the buffer to extract
 * @full: should the extraction only happen when the page is full.
 *
 * This function will pull out a page from the ring buffer and consume it.
 * @data_page must be the address of the variable that was returned
 * from ring_buffer_alloc_read_page. This is because the page might be used
 * to swap with a page in the ring buffer.
 *
 * for example:
 *	rpage = ring_buffer_alloc_read_page(buffer);
 *	if (!rpage)
 *		return error;
 *	ret = ring_buffer_read_page(buffer, &rpage, len, cpu, 0);
 *	if (ret >= 0)
 *		process_page(rpage, ret);
 *
 * When @full is set, the function will not return true unless
 * the writer is off the reader page.
 *
 * Note: it is up to the calling functions to handle sleeps and wakeups.
 *  The ring buffer can be used anywhere in the kernel and can not
 *  blindly call wake_up. The layer that uses the ring buffer must be
 *  responsible for that.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  >=0 if data has been transferred, returns the offset of consumed data.
 *  <0 if no data has been transferred.
 */
int ring_buffer_read_page(struct ring_buffer *buffer,
			  void **data_page, size_t len, int cpu, int full)
{
	struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
	struct buffer_data_page *bpage;
	struct buffer_page *reader;
	unsigned long missed_events;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned int commit;
	unsigned int read;
	u64 save_timestamp;
	int ret = -1;

	if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * If len is not big enough to hold the page header, then
	 * we can not copy anything.
	 */
	if (len <= BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE)
		goto out;

	len -= BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;

	if (!data_page)
		goto out;

	bpage = *data_page;
	if (!bpage)
		goto out;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

	reader = rb_get_reader_page(cpu_buffer);
	if (!reader)
		goto out_unlock;

	event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);

	read = reader->read;
	commit = rb_page_commit(reader);

	/* Check if any events were dropped */
	missed_events = cpu_buffer->lost_events;

	/*
	 * If this page has been partially read or
	 * if len is not big enough to read the rest of the page or
	 * a writer is still on the page, then
	 * we must copy the data from the page to the buffer.
	 * Otherwise, we can simply swap the page with the one passed in.
	 */
	if (read || (len < (commit - read)) ||
	    cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page) {
		struct buffer_data_page *rpage = cpu_buffer->reader_page->page;
		unsigned int rpos = read;
		unsigned int pos = 0;
		unsigned int size;

		if (full)
			goto out_unlock;

		if (len > (commit - read))
			len = (commit - read);

		size = rb_event_length(event);

		if (len < size)
			goto out_unlock;

		/* save the current timestamp, since the user will need it */
		save_timestamp = cpu_buffer->read_stamp;

		/* Need to copy one event at a time */
		do {
			memcpy(bpage->data + pos, rpage->data + rpos, size);

			len -= size;

			rb_advance_reader(cpu_buffer);
			rpos = reader->read;
			pos += size;

			event = rb_reader_event(cpu_buffer);
			size = rb_event_length(event);
		} while (len > size);

		/* update bpage */
		local_set(&bpage->commit, pos);
		bpage->time_stamp = save_timestamp;

		/* we copied everything to the beginning */
		read = 0;
	} else {
		/* update the entry counter */
		cpu_buffer->read += rb_page_entries(reader);

		/* swap the pages */
		rb_init_page(bpage);
		bpage = reader->page;
		reader->page = *data_page;
		local_set(&reader->write, 0);
		local_set(&reader->entries, 0);
		reader->read = 0;
		*data_page = bpage;

		/*
		 * Use the real_end for the data size,
		 * This gives us a chance to store the lost events
		 * on the page.
		 */
		if (reader->real_end)
			local_set(&bpage->commit, reader->real_end);
	}
	ret = read;

	cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
	/*
	 * Set a flag in the commit field if we lost events
	 */
	if (missed_events) {
		commit = local_read(&bpage->commit);

		/* If there is room at the end of the page to save the
		 * missed events, then record it there.
		 */
		if (BUF_PAGE_SIZE - commit >= sizeof(missed_events)) {
			memcpy(&bpage->data[commit], &missed_events,
			       sizeof(missed_events));
			local_add(RB_MISSED_STORED, &bpage->commit);
		}
		local_add(RB_MISSED_EVENTS, &bpage->commit);
	}

 out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);

 out:
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_read_page);

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
static ssize_t
rb_simple_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
	       size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
	unsigned long *p = filp->private_data;
	char buf[64];
	int r;

	if (test_bit(RB_BUFFERS_DISABLED_BIT, p))
		r = sprintf(buf, "permanently disabled\n");
	else
		r = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", test_bit(RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT, p));

	return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
}

static ssize_t
rb_simple_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuf,
		size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
	unsigned long *p = filp->private_data;
	char buf[64];
	unsigned long val;
	int ret;

	if (cnt >= sizeof(buf))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (copy_from_user(&buf, ubuf, cnt))
		return -EFAULT;

	buf[cnt] = 0;

	ret = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &val);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	if (val)
		set_bit(RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT, p);
	else
		clear_bit(RB_BUFFERS_ON_BIT, p);

	(*ppos)++;

	return cnt;
}

static const struct file_operations rb_simple_fops = {
	.open		= tracing_open_generic,
	.read		= rb_simple_read,
	.write		= rb_simple_write,
};


static __init int rb_init_debugfs(void)
{
	struct dentry *d_tracer;

	d_tracer = tracing_init_dentry();

	trace_create_file("tracing_on", 0644, d_tracer,
			    &ring_buffer_flags, &rb_simple_fops);

	return 0;
}

fs_initcall(rb_init_debugfs);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int rb_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
			 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
	struct ring_buffer *buffer =
		container_of(self, struct ring_buffer, cpu_notify);
	long cpu = (long)hcpu;

	switch (action) {
	case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
	case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
		if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
			return NOTIFY_OK;

		buffer->buffers[cpu] =
			rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(buffer, cpu);
		if (!buffer->buffers[cpu]) {
			WARN(1, "failed to allocate ring buffer on CPU %ld\n",
			     cpu);
			return NOTIFY_OK;
		}
		smp_wmb();
		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask);
		break;
	case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
	case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
		/*
		 * Do nothing.
		 *  If we were to free the buffer, then the user would
		 *  lose any trace that was in the buffer.
		 */
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return NOTIFY_OK;
}
#endif