summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/mm/memory-failure.c
blob: 22d2b2028e54e60db4fdb0c1a808a7463a1c03b0 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Intel Corporation
 * Authors: Andi Kleen, Fengguang Wu
 *
 * This software may be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 only as published by the
 * Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
 * hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache
 * failure.
 *
 * Handles page cache pages in various states.	The tricky part
 * here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM
 * users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere,
 * possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code
 * has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking
 * rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the
 * error handling takes potentially a long time.
 *
 * The operation to map back from RMAP chains to processes has to walk
 * the complete process list and has non linear complexity with the number
 * mappings. In short it can be quite slow. But since memory corruptions
 * are rare we hope to get away with this.
 */

/*
 * Notebook:
 * - hugetlb needs more code
 * - kcore/oldmem/vmcore/mem/kmem check for hwpoison pages
 * - pass bad pages to kdump next kernel
 */
#define DEBUG 1		/* remove me in 2.6.34 */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include "internal.h"

int sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill __read_mostly = 0;

int sysctl_memory_failure_recovery __read_mostly = 1;

atomic_long_t mce_bad_pages __read_mostly = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0);

u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_major = ~0U;
u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_minor = ~0U;
u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_mask;
u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_value;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_dev_major);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_dev_minor);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_flags_mask);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter_flags_value);

static int hwpoison_filter_dev(struct page *p)
{
	struct address_space *mapping;
	dev_t dev;

	if (hwpoison_filter_dev_major == ~0U &&
	    hwpoison_filter_dev_minor == ~0U)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * page_mapping() does not accept slab page
	 */
	if (PageSlab(p))
		return -EINVAL;

	mapping = page_mapping(p);
	if (mapping == NULL || mapping->host == NULL)
		return -EINVAL;

	dev = mapping->host->i_sb->s_dev;
	if (hwpoison_filter_dev_major != ~0U &&
	    hwpoison_filter_dev_major != MAJOR(dev))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (hwpoison_filter_dev_minor != ~0U &&
	    hwpoison_filter_dev_minor != MINOR(dev))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
}

static int hwpoison_filter_flags(struct page *p)
{
	if (!hwpoison_filter_flags_mask)
		return 0;

	if ((stable_page_flags(p) & hwpoison_filter_flags_mask) ==
				    hwpoison_filter_flags_value)
		return 0;
	else
		return -EINVAL;
}

int hwpoison_filter(struct page *p)
{
	if (hwpoison_filter_dev(p))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (hwpoison_filter_flags(p))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hwpoison_filter);

/*
 * Send all the processes who have the page mapped an ``action optional''
 * signal.
 */
static int kill_proc_ao(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long addr, int trapno,
			unsigned long pfn)
{
	struct siginfo si;
	int ret;

	printk(KERN_ERR
		"MCE %#lx: Killing %s:%d early due to hardware memory corruption\n",
		pfn, t->comm, t->pid);
	si.si_signo = SIGBUS;
	si.si_errno = 0;
	si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AO;
	si.si_addr = (void *)addr;
#ifdef __ARCH_SI_TRAPNO
	si.si_trapno = trapno;
#endif
	si.si_addr_lsb = PAGE_SHIFT;
	/*
	 * Don't use force here, it's convenient if the signal
	 * can be temporarily blocked.
	 * This could cause a loop when the user sets SIGBUS
	 * to SIG_IGN, but hopefully noone will do that?
	 */
	ret = send_sig_info(SIGBUS, &si, t);  /* synchronous? */
	if (ret < 0)
		printk(KERN_INFO "MCE: Error sending signal to %s:%d: %d\n",
		       t->comm, t->pid, ret);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * When a unknown page type is encountered drain as many buffers as possible
 * in the hope to turn the page into a LRU or free page, which we can handle.
 */
void shake_page(struct page *p)
{
	if (!PageSlab(p)) {
		lru_add_drain_all();
		if (PageLRU(p))
			return;
		drain_all_pages();
		if (PageLRU(p) || is_free_buddy_page(p))
			return;
	}
	/*
	 * Could call shrink_slab here (which would also
	 * shrink other caches). Unfortunately that might
	 * also access the corrupted page, which could be fatal.
	 */
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shake_page);

/*
 * Kill all processes that have a poisoned page mapped and then isolate
 * the page.
 *
 * General strategy:
 * Find all processes having the page mapped and kill them.
 * But we keep a page reference around so that the page is not
 * actually freed yet.
 * Then stash the page away
 *
 * There's no convenient way to get back to mapped processes
 * from the VMAs. So do a brute-force search over all
 * running processes.
 *
 * Remember that machine checks are not common (or rather
 * if they are common you have other problems), so this shouldn't
 * be a performance issue.
 *
 * Also there are some races possible while we get from the
 * error detection to actually handle it.
 */

struct to_kill {
	struct list_head nd;
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned addr_valid:1;
};

/*
 * Failure handling: if we can't find or can't kill a process there's
 * not much we can do.	We just print a message and ignore otherwise.
 */

/*
 * Schedule a process for later kill.
 * Uses GFP_ATOMIC allocations to avoid potential recursions in the VM.
 * TBD would GFP_NOIO be enough?
 */
static void add_to_kill(struct task_struct *tsk, struct page *p,
		       struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		       struct list_head *to_kill,
		       struct to_kill **tkc)
{
	struct to_kill *tk;

	if (*tkc) {
		tk = *tkc;
		*tkc = NULL;
	} else {
		tk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct to_kill), GFP_ATOMIC);
		if (!tk) {
			printk(KERN_ERR
		"MCE: Out of memory while machine check handling\n");
			return;
		}
	}
	tk->addr = page_address_in_vma(p, vma);
	tk->addr_valid = 1;

	/*
	 * In theory we don't have to kill when the page was
	 * munmaped. But it could be also a mremap. Since that's
	 * likely very rare kill anyways just out of paranoia, but use
	 * a SIGKILL because the error is not contained anymore.
	 */
	if (tk->addr == -EFAULT) {
		pr_debug("MCE: Unable to find user space address %lx in %s\n",
			page_to_pfn(p), tsk->comm);
		tk->addr_valid = 0;
	}
	get_task_struct(tsk);
	tk->tsk = tsk;
	list_add_tail(&tk->nd, to_kill);
}

/*
 * Kill the processes that have been collected earlier.
 *
 * Only do anything when DOIT is set, otherwise just free the list
 * (this is used for clean pages which do not need killing)
 * Also when FAIL is set do a force kill because something went
 * wrong earlier.
 */
static void kill_procs_ao(struct list_head *to_kill, int doit, int trapno,
			  int fail, unsigned long pfn)
{
	struct to_kill *tk, *next;

	list_for_each_entry_safe (tk, next, to_kill, nd) {
		if (doit) {
			/*
			 * In case something went wrong with munmapping
			 * make sure the process doesn't catch the
			 * signal and then access the memory. Just kill it.
			 * the signal handlers
			 */
			if (fail || tk->addr_valid == 0) {
				printk(KERN_ERR
		"MCE %#lx: forcibly killing %s:%d because of failure to unmap corrupted page\n",
					pfn, tk->tsk->comm, tk->tsk->pid);
				force_sig(SIGKILL, tk->tsk);
			}

			/*
			 * In theory the process could have mapped
			 * something else on the address in-between. We could
			 * check for that, but we need to tell the
			 * process anyways.
			 */
			else if (kill_proc_ao(tk->tsk, tk->addr, trapno,
					      pfn) < 0)
				printk(KERN_ERR
		"MCE %#lx: Cannot send advisory machine check signal to %s:%d\n",
					pfn, tk->tsk->comm, tk->tsk->pid);
		}
		put_task_struct(tk->tsk);
		kfree(tk);
	}
}

static int task_early_kill(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	if (!tsk->mm)
		return 0;
	if (tsk->flags & PF_MCE_PROCESS)
		return !!(tsk->flags & PF_MCE_EARLY);
	return sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill;
}

/*
 * Collect processes when the error hit an anonymous page.
 */
static void collect_procs_anon(struct page *page, struct list_head *to_kill,
			      struct to_kill **tkc)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	struct anon_vma *av;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	av = page_lock_anon_vma(page);
	if (av == NULL)	/* Not actually mapped anymore */
		goto out;
	for_each_process (tsk) {
		if (!task_early_kill(tsk))
			continue;
		list_for_each_entry (vma, &av->head, anon_vma_node) {
			if (!page_mapped_in_vma(page, vma))
				continue;
			if (vma->vm_mm == tsk->mm)
				add_to_kill(tsk, page, vma, to_kill, tkc);
		}
	}
	page_unlock_anon_vma(av);
out:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}

/*
 * Collect processes when the error hit a file mapped page.
 */
static void collect_procs_file(struct page *page, struct list_head *to_kill,
			      struct to_kill **tkc)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	struct prio_tree_iter iter;
	struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;

	/*
	 * A note on the locking order between the two locks.
	 * We don't rely on this particular order.
	 * If you have some other code that needs a different order
	 * feel free to switch them around. Or add a reverse link
	 * from mm_struct to task_struct, then this could be all
	 * done without taking tasklist_lock and looping over all tasks.
	 */

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	spin_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
	for_each_process(tsk) {
		pgoff_t pgoff = page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);

		if (!task_early_kill(tsk))
			continue;

		vma_prio_tree_foreach(vma, &iter, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff,
				      pgoff) {
			/*
			 * Send early kill signal to tasks where a vma covers
			 * the page but the corrupted page is not necessarily
			 * mapped it in its pte.
			 * Assume applications who requested early kill want
			 * to be informed of all such data corruptions.
			 */
			if (vma->vm_mm == tsk->mm)
				add_to_kill(tsk, page, vma, to_kill, tkc);
		}
	}
	spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}

/*
 * Collect the processes who have the corrupted page mapped to kill.
 * This is done in two steps for locking reasons.
 * First preallocate one tokill structure outside the spin locks,
 * so that we can kill at least one process reasonably reliable.
 */
static void collect_procs(struct page *page, struct list_head *tokill)
{
	struct to_kill *tk;

	if (!page->mapping)
		return;

	tk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct to_kill), GFP_NOIO);
	if (!tk)
		return;
	if (PageAnon(page))
		collect_procs_anon(page, tokill, &tk);
	else
		collect_procs_file(page, tokill, &tk);
	kfree(tk);
}

/*
 * Error handlers for various types of pages.
 */

enum outcome {
	IGNORED,	/* Error: cannot be handled */
	FAILED,		/* Error: handling failed */
	DELAYED,	/* Will be handled later */
	RECOVERED,	/* Successfully recovered */
};

static const char *action_name[] = {
	[IGNORED] = "Ignored",
	[FAILED] = "Failed",
	[DELAYED] = "Delayed",
	[RECOVERED] = "Recovered",
};

/*
 * XXX: It is possible that a page is isolated from LRU cache,
 * and then kept in swap cache or failed to remove from page cache.
 * The page count will stop it from being freed by unpoison.
 * Stress tests should be aware of this memory leak problem.
 */
static int delete_from_lru_cache(struct page *p)
{
	if (!isolate_lru_page(p)) {
		/*
		 * Clear sensible page flags, so that the buddy system won't
		 * complain when the page is unpoison-and-freed.
		 */
		ClearPageActive(p);
		ClearPageUnevictable(p);
		/*
		 * drop the page count elevated by isolate_lru_page()
		 */
		page_cache_release(p);
		return 0;
	}
	return -EIO;
}

/*
 * Error hit kernel page.
 * Do nothing, try to be lucky and not touch this instead. For a few cases we
 * could be more sophisticated.
 */
static int me_kernel(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	return IGNORED;
}

/*
 * Page in unknown state. Do nothing.
 */
static int me_unknown(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: Unknown page state\n", pfn);
	return FAILED;
}

/*
 * Clean (or cleaned) page cache page.
 */
static int me_pagecache_clean(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	int err;
	int ret = FAILED;
	struct address_space *mapping;

	delete_from_lru_cache(p);

	/*
	 * For anonymous pages we're done the only reference left
	 * should be the one m_f() holds.
	 */
	if (PageAnon(p))
		return RECOVERED;

	/*
	 * Now truncate the page in the page cache. This is really
	 * more like a "temporary hole punch"
	 * Don't do this for block devices when someone else
	 * has a reference, because it could be file system metadata
	 * and that's not safe to truncate.
	 */
	mapping = page_mapping(p);
	if (!mapping) {
		/*
		 * Page has been teared down in the meanwhile
		 */
		return FAILED;
	}

	/*
	 * Truncation is a bit tricky. Enable it per file system for now.
	 *
	 * Open: to take i_mutex or not for this? Right now we don't.
	 */
	if (mapping->a_ops->error_remove_page) {
		err = mapping->a_ops->error_remove_page(mapping, p);
		if (err != 0) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "MCE %#lx: Failed to punch page: %d\n",
					pfn, err);
		} else if (page_has_private(p) &&
				!try_to_release_page(p, GFP_NOIO)) {
			pr_debug("MCE %#lx: failed to release buffers\n", pfn);
		} else {
			ret = RECOVERED;
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 * If the file system doesn't support it just invalidate
		 * This fails on dirty or anything with private pages
		 */
		if (invalidate_inode_page(p))
			ret = RECOVERED;
		else
			printk(KERN_INFO "MCE %#lx: Failed to invalidate\n",
				pfn);
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Dirty cache page page
 * Issues: when the error hit a hole page the error is not properly
 * propagated.
 */
static int me_pagecache_dirty(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(p);

	SetPageError(p);
	/* TBD: print more information about the file. */
	if (mapping) {
		/*
		 * IO error will be reported by write(), fsync(), etc.
		 * who check the mapping.
		 * This way the application knows that something went
		 * wrong with its dirty file data.
		 *
		 * There's one open issue:
		 *
		 * The EIO will be only reported on the next IO
		 * operation and then cleared through the IO map.
		 * Normally Linux has two mechanisms to pass IO error
		 * first through the AS_EIO flag in the address space
		 * and then through the PageError flag in the page.
		 * Since we drop pages on memory failure handling the
		 * only mechanism open to use is through AS_AIO.
		 *
		 * This has the disadvantage that it gets cleared on
		 * the first operation that returns an error, while
		 * the PageError bit is more sticky and only cleared
		 * when the page is reread or dropped.  If an
		 * application assumes it will always get error on
		 * fsync, but does other operations on the fd before
		 * and the page is dropped inbetween then the error
		 * will not be properly reported.
		 *
		 * This can already happen even without hwpoisoned
		 * pages: first on metadata IO errors (which only
		 * report through AS_EIO) or when the page is dropped
		 * at the wrong time.
		 *
		 * So right now we assume that the application DTRT on
		 * the first EIO, but we're not worse than other parts
		 * of the kernel.
		 */
		mapping_set_error(mapping, EIO);
	}

	return me_pagecache_clean(p, pfn);
}

/*
 * Clean and dirty swap cache.
 *
 * Dirty swap cache page is tricky to handle. The page could live both in page
 * cache and swap cache(ie. page is freshly swapped in). So it could be
 * referenced concurrently by 2 types of PTEs:
 * normal PTEs and swap PTEs. We try to handle them consistently by calling
 * try_to_unmap(TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON) to convert the normal PTEs to swap PTEs,
 * and then
 *      - clear dirty bit to prevent IO
 *      - remove from LRU
 *      - but keep in the swap cache, so that when we return to it on
 *        a later page fault, we know the application is accessing
 *        corrupted data and shall be killed (we installed simple
 *        interception code in do_swap_page to catch it).
 *
 * Clean swap cache pages can be directly isolated. A later page fault will
 * bring in the known good data from disk.
 */
static int me_swapcache_dirty(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	ClearPageDirty(p);
	/* Trigger EIO in shmem: */
	ClearPageUptodate(p);

	if (!delete_from_lru_cache(p))
		return DELAYED;
	else
		return FAILED;
}

static int me_swapcache_clean(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	delete_from_swap_cache(p);

	if (!delete_from_lru_cache(p))
		return RECOVERED;
	else
		return FAILED;
}

/*
 * Huge pages. Needs work.
 * Issues:
 * No rmap support so we cannot find the original mapper. In theory could walk
 * all MMs and look for the mappings, but that would be non atomic and racy.
 * Need rmap for hugepages for this. Alternatively we could employ a heuristic,
 * like just walking the current process and hoping it has it mapped (that
 * should be usually true for the common "shared database cache" case)
 * Should handle free huge pages and dequeue them too, but this needs to
 * handle huge page accounting correctly.
 */
static int me_huge_page(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn)
{
	return FAILED;
}

/*
 * Various page states we can handle.
 *
 * A page state is defined by its current page->flags bits.
 * The table matches them in order and calls the right handler.
 *
 * This is quite tricky because we can access page at any time
 * in its live cycle, so all accesses have to be extremly careful.
 *
 * This is not complete. More states could be added.
 * For any missing state don't attempt recovery.
 */

#define dirty		(1UL << PG_dirty)
#define sc		(1UL << PG_swapcache)
#define unevict		(1UL << PG_unevictable)
#define mlock		(1UL << PG_mlocked)
#define writeback	(1UL << PG_writeback)
#define lru		(1UL << PG_lru)
#define swapbacked	(1UL << PG_swapbacked)
#define head		(1UL << PG_head)
#define tail		(1UL << PG_tail)
#define compound	(1UL << PG_compound)
#define slab		(1UL << PG_slab)
#define reserved	(1UL << PG_reserved)

static struct page_state {
	unsigned long mask;
	unsigned long res;
	char *msg;
	int (*action)(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn);
} error_states[] = {
	{ reserved,	reserved,	"reserved kernel",	me_kernel },
	/*
	 * free pages are specially detected outside this table:
	 * PG_buddy pages only make a small fraction of all free pages.
	 */

	/*
	 * Could in theory check if slab page is free or if we can drop
	 * currently unused objects without touching them. But just
	 * treat it as standard kernel for now.
	 */
	{ slab,		slab,		"kernel slab",	me_kernel },

#ifdef CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
	{ head,		head,		"huge",		me_huge_page },
	{ tail,		tail,		"huge",		me_huge_page },
#else
	{ compound,	compound,	"huge",		me_huge_page },
#endif

	{ sc|dirty,	sc|dirty,	"swapcache",	me_swapcache_dirty },
	{ sc|dirty,	sc,		"swapcache",	me_swapcache_clean },

	{ unevict|dirty, unevict|dirty,	"unevictable LRU", me_pagecache_dirty},
	{ unevict,	unevict,	"unevictable LRU", me_pagecache_clean},

	{ mlock|dirty,	mlock|dirty,	"mlocked LRU",	me_pagecache_dirty },
	{ mlock,	mlock,		"mlocked LRU",	me_pagecache_clean },

	{ lru|dirty,	lru|dirty,	"LRU",		me_pagecache_dirty },
	{ lru|dirty,	lru,		"clean LRU",	me_pagecache_clean },

	/*
	 * Catchall entry: must be at end.
	 */
	{ 0,		0,		"unknown page state",	me_unknown },
};

static void action_result(unsigned long pfn, char *msg, int result)
{
	struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

	printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: %s%s page recovery: %s\n",
		pfn,
		PageDirty(page) ? "dirty " : "",
		msg, action_name[result]);
}

static int page_action(struct page_state *ps, struct page *p,
			unsigned long pfn)
{
	int result;
	int count;

	result = ps->action(p, pfn);
	action_result(pfn, ps->msg, result);

	count = page_count(p) - 1;
	if (ps->action == me_swapcache_dirty && result == DELAYED)
		count--;
	if (count != 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR
		       "MCE %#lx: %s page still referenced by %d users\n",
		       pfn, ps->msg, count);
		result = FAILED;
	}

	/* Could do more checks here if page looks ok */
	/*
	 * Could adjust zone counters here to correct for the missing page.
	 */

	return (result == RECOVERED || result == DELAYED) ? 0 : -EBUSY;
}

#define N_UNMAP_TRIES 5

/*
 * Do all that is necessary to remove user space mappings. Unmap
 * the pages and send SIGBUS to the processes if the data was dirty.
 */
static int hwpoison_user_mappings(struct page *p, unsigned long pfn,
				  int trapno)
{
	enum ttu_flags ttu = TTU_UNMAP | TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS;
	struct address_space *mapping;
	LIST_HEAD(tokill);
	int ret;
	int i;
	int kill = 1;

	if (PageReserved(p) || PageSlab(p))
		return SWAP_SUCCESS;

	/*
	 * This check implies we don't kill processes if their pages
	 * are in the swap cache early. Those are always late kills.
	 */
	if (!page_mapped(p))
		return SWAP_SUCCESS;

	if (PageCompound(p) || PageKsm(p))
		return SWAP_FAIL;

	if (PageSwapCache(p)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR
		       "MCE %#lx: keeping poisoned page in swap cache\n", pfn);
		ttu |= TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON;
	}

	/*
	 * Propagate the dirty bit from PTEs to struct page first, because we
	 * need this to decide if we should kill or just drop the page.
	 * XXX: the dirty test could be racy: set_page_dirty() may not always
	 * be called inside page lock (it's recommended but not enforced).
	 */
	mapping = page_mapping(p);
	if (!PageDirty(p) && mapping && mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(mapping)) {
		if (page_mkclean(p)) {
			SetPageDirty(p);
		} else {
			kill = 0;
			ttu |= TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON;
			printk(KERN_INFO
	"MCE %#lx: corrupted page was clean: dropped without side effects\n",
				pfn);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * First collect all the processes that have the page
	 * mapped in dirty form.  This has to be done before try_to_unmap,
	 * because ttu takes the rmap data structures down.
	 *
	 * Error handling: We ignore errors here because
	 * there's nothing that can be done.
	 */
	if (kill)
		collect_procs(p, &tokill);

	/*
	 * try_to_unmap can fail temporarily due to races.
	 * Try a few times (RED-PEN better strategy?)
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < N_UNMAP_TRIES; i++) {
		ret = try_to_unmap(p, ttu);
		if (ret == SWAP_SUCCESS)
			break;
		pr_debug("MCE %#lx: try_to_unmap retry needed %d\n", pfn,  ret);
	}

	if (ret != SWAP_SUCCESS)
		printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: failed to unmap page (mapcount=%d)\n",
				pfn, page_mapcount(p));

	/*
	 * Now that the dirty bit has been propagated to the
	 * struct page and all unmaps done we can decide if
	 * killing is needed or not.  Only kill when the page
	 * was dirty, otherwise the tokill list is merely
	 * freed.  When there was a problem unmapping earlier
	 * use a more force-full uncatchable kill to prevent
	 * any accesses to the poisoned memory.
	 */
	kill_procs_ao(&tokill, !!PageDirty(p), trapno,
		      ret != SWAP_SUCCESS, pfn);

	return ret;
}

int __memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags)
{
	struct page_state *ps;
	struct page *p;
	int res;

	if (!sysctl_memory_failure_recovery)
		panic("Memory failure from trap %d on page %lx", trapno, pfn);

	if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR
		       "MCE %#lx: memory outside kernel control\n",
		       pfn);
		return -ENXIO;
	}

	p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
	if (TestSetPageHWPoison(p)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: already hardware poisoned\n", pfn);
		return 0;
	}

	atomic_long_add(1, &mce_bad_pages);

	/*
	 * We need/can do nothing about count=0 pages.
	 * 1) it's a free page, and therefore in safe hand:
	 *    prep_new_page() will be the gate keeper.
	 * 2) it's part of a non-compound high order page.
	 *    Implies some kernel user: cannot stop them from
	 *    R/W the page; let's pray that the page has been
	 *    used and will be freed some time later.
	 * In fact it's dangerous to directly bump up page count from 0,
	 * that may make page_freeze_refs()/page_unfreeze_refs() mismatch.
	 */
	if (!(flags & MF_COUNT_INCREASED) &&
		!get_page_unless_zero(compound_head(p))) {
		if (is_free_buddy_page(p)) {
			action_result(pfn, "free buddy", DELAYED);
			return 0;
		} else {
			action_result(pfn, "high order kernel", IGNORED);
			return -EBUSY;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We ignore non-LRU pages for good reasons.
	 * - PG_locked is only well defined for LRU pages and a few others
	 * - to avoid races with __set_page_locked()
	 * - to avoid races with __SetPageSlab*() (and more non-atomic ops)
	 * The check (unnecessarily) ignores LRU pages being isolated and
	 * walked by the page reclaim code, however that's not a big loss.
	 */
	if (!PageLRU(p))
		lru_add_drain_all();
	if (!PageLRU(p)) {
		action_result(pfn, "non LRU", IGNORED);
		put_page(p);
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	/*
	 * Lock the page and wait for writeback to finish.
	 * It's very difficult to mess with pages currently under IO
	 * and in many cases impossible, so we just avoid it here.
	 */
	lock_page_nosync(p);

	/*
	 * unpoison always clear PG_hwpoison inside page lock
	 */
	if (!PageHWPoison(p)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: just unpoisoned\n", pfn);
		res = 0;
		goto out;
	}
	if (hwpoison_filter(p)) {
		if (TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
			atomic_long_dec(&mce_bad_pages);
		unlock_page(p);
		put_page(p);
		return 0;
	}

	wait_on_page_writeback(p);

	/*
	 * Now take care of user space mappings.
	 * Abort on fail: __remove_from_page_cache() assumes unmapped page.
	 */
	if (hwpoison_user_mappings(p, pfn, trapno) != SWAP_SUCCESS) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MCE %#lx: cannot unmap page, give up\n", pfn);
		res = -EBUSY;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Torn down by someone else?
	 */
	if (PageLRU(p) && !PageSwapCache(p) && p->mapping == NULL) {
		action_result(pfn, "already truncated LRU", IGNORED);
		res = -EBUSY;
		goto out;
	}

	res = -EBUSY;
	for (ps = error_states;; ps++) {
		if ((p->flags & ps->mask) == ps->res) {
			res = page_action(ps, p, pfn);
			break;
		}
	}
out:
	unlock_page(p);
	return res;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__memory_failure);

/**
 * memory_failure - Handle memory failure of a page.
 * @pfn: Page Number of the corrupted page
 * @trapno: Trap number reported in the signal to user space.
 *
 * This function is called by the low level machine check code
 * of an architecture when it detects hardware memory corruption
 * of a page. It tries its best to recover, which includes
 * dropping pages, killing processes etc.
 *
 * The function is primarily of use for corruptions that
 * happen outside the current execution context (e.g. when
 * detected by a background scrubber)
 *
 * Must run in process context (e.g. a work queue) with interrupts
 * enabled and no spinlocks hold.
 */
void memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno)
{
	__memory_failure(pfn, trapno, 0);
}

/**
 * unpoison_memory - Unpoison a previously poisoned page
 * @pfn: Page number of the to be unpoisoned page
 *
 * Software-unpoison a page that has been poisoned by
 * memory_failure() earlier.
 *
 * This is only done on the software-level, so it only works
 * for linux injected failures, not real hardware failures
 *
 * Returns 0 for success, otherwise -errno.
 */
int unpoison_memory(unsigned long pfn)
{
	struct page *page;
	struct page *p;
	int freeit = 0;

	if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
		return -ENXIO;

	p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
	page = compound_head(p);

	if (!PageHWPoison(p)) {
		pr_debug("MCE: Page was already unpoisoned %#lx\n", pfn);
		return 0;
	}

	if (!get_page_unless_zero(page)) {
		if (TestClearPageHWPoison(p))
			atomic_long_dec(&mce_bad_pages);
		pr_debug("MCE: Software-unpoisoned free page %#lx\n", pfn);
		return 0;
	}

	lock_page_nosync(page);
	/*
	 * This test is racy because PG_hwpoison is set outside of page lock.
	 * That's acceptable because that won't trigger kernel panic. Instead,
	 * the PG_hwpoison page will be caught and isolated on the entrance to
	 * the free buddy page pool.
	 */
	if (TestClearPageHWPoison(p)) {
		pr_debug("MCE: Software-unpoisoned page %#lx\n", pfn);
		atomic_long_dec(&mce_bad_pages);
		freeit = 1;
	}
	unlock_page(page);

	put_page(page);
	if (freeit)
		put_page(page);

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unpoison_memory);